合金钢封装光纤Bragg光栅传感器传感特性的研究

提出了一种光纤光栅新型合金钢封装结构。利用等强度悬臂梁和温度控制箱对合金钢封装光纤布拉格光栅的应力和温度传感特性进行了测量。实验表明,采用该种封装的光纤光栅传感器保持了裸光纤光栅的响应灵敏度,其拉应变灵敏度系数为1.17pm/με,压应变灵敏度系数为1.2pm/με,温度灵敏度系数为11.3pm/℃,线性响应度在0.9995以上,可满足实际应用的要求。     

荧光光纤光栅传感特性的实验研究

在载氢掺铒光纤上写入Bragg光纤光栅,得到新型光子学器件-荧光光纤光栅.分别对其Bragg波长（λB）及荧光寿命（τ）的温度（T）及应变（ε）响应特性进行了实验研究,并且给出了λB和τ分别关于（T,ε）的拟合方程.实验结果表明：荧光光纤光栅的λB对T和ε的响应具备一般Bragg光纤光栅的优良特性,测得温度灵敏度为11.1pm /℃,应变灵敏度为1.19pm/με;而且τ对T和ε的响应也具有良好的线性关系,温度灵敏度为0.59 μs/℃,应变灵敏度为6.16 ns/με.实验结论为解决温度应力交叉敏感、实现温度应力的同时监测提供一条新颖的途径.     

光纤布拉格光栅与空芯光纤多模干涉混合型温度应变双参量传感器

针对光纤应变传感器由于温度敏感而引入的测量问题,提出了一种基于光纤布拉格光栅和空芯光纤多模干涉效应的混合型温度-应变双参量传感器。该传感器由两根单模光纤与一段内径小于单模光纤纤芯直径的空芯光纤熔接制成,其中一根单模光纤的光纤端面附近预刻一组光纤布拉格光栅。空芯光纤长度为厘米量级,光波以多模形式在空芯光纤侧壁中传播。结合光纤布拉格光栅和空芯光纤多模干涉效应对温度和应变的不同响应灵敏度,通过求解双参数耦合矩阵同时获取温度和应变两个参量,并有效解决了单个传感器在温度或应变测量时的温度-应变交叉敏感性问题。采用中心波长为1 550.172 nm的光纤布拉格光栅与一段长为2.5 cm、内径为5μm的空芯光纤制备了相应的传感器,并进行了温度和应变测试。结果表明,光纤布拉格光栅和空芯光纤的温度灵敏度分别达到10.530 6 pm/℃和1.802 1 pm/℃,应变灵敏度分别达到0.720 7 pm/με和1.243 2 pm/με。     

基于空芯光纤和光纤布拉格光栅的温度应变同时测量传感器

提出一种新颖的温度和应变双参数同时测量的光纤传感器。该传感器由空芯光纤和光纤布拉格光栅级联而成。空芯光纤通过反谐振机理将光限制在空气纤芯内传输,满足谐振条件的光泄露出空气芯,在传输光谱上表现为周期性损耗峰。由于空芯光纤和光纤布拉格光栅的物理机理不同,对外界温度、应变的响应存在差异,利用耦合矩阵则可以精确地实现温度和应变双参数的同时测量。实验结果表明,在1550nm波长附近,空芯光纤和光纤布拉格光栅对应的温度灵敏度分别为24.55 pm/℃和12.76 pm/℃,应变灵敏度分别为-0.70pm/με和1.02pm/με,该级联结构的传感器制作简单且具有较高的测量精度。     

温度/应变/扭曲三参量同时测量低成本传感系统

提出了一种利用布喇格光纤光栅反射光作信号源、高频CO2激光脉冲写入的长周期光纤光栅和超周期光纤光栅作传感器实现温度、应变和扭曲同时测量的全光栅型低成本强度解调传感方案.文中利用长周期光纤光栅边缘滤波效应实现了温度、应变和扭曲传感信号的实时解调.实验结果表明,其温度和应变的测量灵敏度分别为－0.211 dB/℃和－0.012 dB/10με;而扭曲率的测量灵敏度为0.4394 dB/(rad·m－1),是该法写入普通LPFG的4倍以上.     

基于纤芯失配和光纤布拉格光栅实现温度和应变同时测量

基于纤芯失配理论,提出了一种多模单模多模（MSM）结构与光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）级联实现温度和应变同时测量的光纤传感器。利用MSM结构的干涉谱和FBG对温度和应变的不同响应灵敏度,实现了对温度、应变的同时测量。实验结果表明,在20 ℃~80 ℃的温度范围内,MSM结构的干涉谱和FBG的温度灵敏度分别为0.091 nm/℃和0.0102 nm/℃;在0～650 με的应变范围内,应变灵敏度分别为 -0.0013 nm/με和0.0012 nm/με。因此利用敏感矩阵,即可实现对温度和应变的同时测量,且温度和应变的最大测量误差分别为±0.2 ℃和±8.25 με。该结构灵敏度高,结构简单,且不易受电磁等干扰,实验结果具有良好的线性度,在工程领域应用前景良好。     

光纤光栅应用于石蜡内部结构的特性监测

石蜡材料在造型及涂敷过程中,长时间处于熔融状态,与空气接触易氧化变质。为了准确研究石蜡内部结构,利用光纤光栅传感器体积小、外形可变且易于埋入结构内部等特点,设计了基于光纤光栅的石蜡熔-固态温度/应变无损监测系统。实验结果表明,石蜡内部温度从90℃下降至40℃左右时,应变仅改变170με;从40℃下降至25℃时,100min内应变改变750με,并且温度和应变呈线性关系。     

飞秒激光刻写低温度灵敏度的细芯长周期光栅

在折射率与应变测试时,为了降低温度影响所引起的串扰,对细芯长周期光纤光栅的温度、折射率和应变响应特性进行了研究。通过飞秒激光直写方法在纤芯直径为6μm的单模光纤上成功制备了周期为50μm的长周期光纤光栅。结果表明:在细芯光纤中以低激光能量加工的长周期光纤光栅具有较低的温度灵敏度,同时保持较大的消光比和较好的光谱质量。这种细芯长周期光纤光栅损耗峰在20～700°C温度范围内仅漂移1.7 nm。该光栅对折射率变化也具有较好的响应,环境折射率在1.406 5～1.426 5时,灵敏度最高可达882.51 nm/RIU,应变灵敏度为-2.2 pm/με。这种细芯长周期光纤光栅可以较好地降低折射率与应变测试中由于温度影响带来的串扰。     

基于长周期光纤光栅和保偏光纤Sagnac环光谱特性的温度与应变测量研究

提出并研制了一种结构简单、成本低廉的温度与应变同时测量系统,其结构是在保偏光纤Sagnac环内接入一个长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)。利用LPFG对保偏光纤Sagnac环的透射光谱进行调制,通过监测谐振峰波长和强度的变化,发现波长随温度和保偏光纤的应变变化,强度随LPFG的应变变化,因此可以实现温度与应变的区分测量,并且可判断出应变的施加位置。实验得到该系统的温度灵敏度为0.181 81 nm·℃-1,LPFG区的应变灵敏度为0.005 283 dB·με-1,保偏光纤Sagnac环区的应变灵敏度为0.015 72 nm·με-1。实验结果表明该方案可行,并具有一定的实用性。     

埋入式光纤光栅应变测量系统的设计

埋入式光纤光栅应变传感器作为大型土木结构健康监测的智能元件具有很好的发展前景。讨论了埋入式光纤光栅应变传感器的传感机理，设计了埋入式光纤光栅应变测量系统。从力学角度阐述了光栅传感探头的结构和制作工艺。采用可调谐F-P滤波器对光栅信号进行解调，解决了应变与温度交叉敏感问题。系统对应变的测量范围为0～1500με。通过理论分析证实了系统方案的可行性。     

基于掺铒光纤的微型光纤法布里-珀罗干涉传感器

提出了一种化学腐蚀掺铒光纤制作微型光纤法布里-珀罗干涉传感器的方法。通过对掺铒光纤进行化学腐蚀,形成凹槽,再与单模光纤直接熔接制作而成。实验制作的微型法布里-珀罗干涉传感器干涉条纹光滑,对比度达到15dB。对该微型光纤法布里珀罗干涉腔进行了应变和温度传感实验。实验结果表明,在0-600με￡内,波谷移动随应变改变的灵敏度达到1．7pm／με,线性度为0．9998,从73～23℃,波谷移动随温度改变的灵敏度3．9pm／℃,线性度为0．9982。该方法制作的微型光纤法布里-珀罗传感器具有操作简单,一次成型,制作成本低的优点。     

High resolution temperature insensitive interrogation technique for FBG sensors

In this letter, we propose a high resolution temperature insensitive interrogation technique for FBG sensors where one FBG acts as an edge filter to interrogate a separate FBG sensor. A high resolution of better than 5 με in strain measurement range from 0 to 1100 με and the best resolution of better than 1 με were verified by experiments. An error of only ±2.2 με is achieved over a temperature range from 15 to 50 °C, indicating that this strain interrogation technique is temperature insensitive. Using an altered system configuration, the temperature was also measured simultaneously with a resolution better than 0.2 °C.     

All-Fiber Dual-Parameter Sensor Based on Cascaded Long Period Fiber Grating Pair Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser and CO2 Laser

An all-fiber dual-parameter sensor based on cascaded long period grating pair fabricated by femtosecond laser and CO₂ laser has been proposed and realized both theoretically and experimentally. The resonant wavelengths of LPFGs are 1557.80 nm and 1590.88 nm. In the strain range of 0–400 με, strain sensitivities are ?7.2 pm/με for C-LPFG and ?1.6 pm/με for F-LPFG. In the temperature range of 30–70°C, temperature sensitivities are ?41.1 pm/°C for C-LPFG and ?21.2 pm/°C for F-LPFG. By analyzing the resonant wavelength characterization, the proposed sensor can be efficiently used for dual-parameters measurement with promising application prospect and great research reference value.     

铜片封装光纤光栅传感器的应变和温度传感特性研究

提出了一种光纤光栅的铜片封装工艺,并通过实验和理论分析研究了光纤光栅的应变和温度传感特性.与裸光纤光栅的测试结果相比,铜片封装工艺基本不改变光纤光栅应变传感的灵敏度,但是温度灵敏度系数提高了2.78倍.经过铜片封装后的光纤光栅可以探测到的应变和温度分别为1 με和0.03℃,便于工程应用.     

Axial strain and temperature sensing characteristics of the single–coreless–single mode fiber structure-based fiber ring laser

This paper experimentally demonstrated a singlemode–coreless–singlemode (SCS) fiber structure-based fiber ring cavity laser for strain and temperature measurement. The basis of the sensing system is the multimodal interference occurs in coreless fiber, and the transmission spectrum is sensitive to the ambient perturbation. In this sensing system, the SCS fiber structure not only acts as the sensing head of the sensor but also the band-pass filter of the ring laser. Blue shift with strain sensitivity of \(\sim\) ?2 pm/με ranging from 0 to 730 με and red shift with temperature sensitivity of \(\sim\) 11 pm/°C ranging from 5 to 75 °C have been achieved. Experimental results also show the proposal has great potential in using long-distance operation. The fiber ring laser sensing system has a optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) more than 50 and 3 dB bandwidth less than 0.05 nm. The result shows that the coreless fiber has no improvement of the temperature and axial strain sensitivity. However, compared to the common singlemode–multimode–singlemode fiber structure sensors, the laser sensing system has the additional advantages of high OSNR, high intensity and narrow 3 dB bandwidth, and thus improves the accuracy.     

Simultaneous strain and temperature measurement based on a photonic crystal fiber modal-interference interacting with a long period fiber grating

An alternative all-fiber sensor for simultaneous strain and temperature measurement based on a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) spliced between single-mode fibers cascaded with a long period grating (LPG) is proposed. By collapsing the air holes at two splicing regions along the PCF, a simple but effective modal-interference (MI) is occurred between the core and cladding modes of the PCF. Due to the different responses on the changes of strain and temperature on the MI and the cascaded LPG, the strain and temperature can be measured simultaneously. Experimental results show that the sensing resolution of 9.1 με in strain measurement is experimentally achieved over a range of 2640 με, while the temperature sensing resolution is 0.27 °C within a range of 30-100 °C.     

Polymer optical fibre Bragg gratings based fibre laser

For the first time the fibre laser constructed from a polymer optical fibre Bragg grating is reported. The single frequency laser with the peak power of −5 dBm and signal to noise ratio greater than 45 dB has been achieved. Further examination demonstrates the excellent characteristics of the fibre laser. First, the fibre laser can be easily tuned over 35 nm by the simple axial tension method. Second, the fibre laser has the high strain sensitivity of 1.48 pm/με with the dynamic measurement range as large as 2.37%.     

Fiber Bragg grating strain sensor based on fiber laser

A study on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensor, based on erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser, is presented. A strain-sensing element, FBG, also acts as the lasing wavelength selecting component. When strain is applied on the FBG, the laser cavity loss changes, leading to a modification of the laser transient. Strain measurements are obtained in the time domain by simply measuring the EDF laser build-up time. Relative variation in the build-up time of up to 190%, for a strain range from 0 με to 2350 με, is achieved with a resolution corresponding to a strain of better than 2.35 με. This study demonstrates a novel fiber sensor concept and the technical feasibility to develop fiber strain measurement.     

温度和应变对光纤折射率的影响

采用迈克尔逊（Ｍｉｃｈｅｌｓｏｎ）光纤白光干涉系统，通过测量随着温度或应变改变而变化的光程，给出了单模光纤有效折射率的温度和应变相关特性。对于ＳＭＦ－２８型单模光纤，测得折射率温度系数和应变温度系数在波长为１３００ｎｍ处分别为０．７６２×１０－５／℃及－０．１３３２×１０－６／με；在波长１５５０ｎｍ处则为０．８１１×１０－５／℃及－０．１６４９×１０－６／με。并与几种不同光纤相应的数据进行了比较。