肿瘤血管生成抑制剂*

肿瘤血管生成的药物治疗是当前有关肿瘤的热点研究领域,目前已经有数种肿瘤血管生成抑制剂上市。肿瘤血管生成抑制剂能够抑制肿瘤的生长和转移,甚至使肿瘤消退。此类药物的研究开发可为肿瘤患者提供高效、低毒,并且抗瘤谱更广的药物。本文综述了近年来血管生成抑制剂的研究进展。首先介绍了间接血管生成抑制剂,此类药物中的血管内皮细胞生长因子受体信号通路的药物是目前最成功的一类血管生成抑制剂。其次介绍了直接血管生成抑制剂,使用这类药物更有可能避免间接抑制剂所引起的血管生成援救反应。然后在其他途径肿瘤血管生成抑制剂部分,本文详细介绍了作用机制尚不明确的沙利度胺及其衍生物。最后,本文分析讨论了这类药物的开发所遇到的一些问题,如抗血管生成治疗的新理论的挑战和耐药性等,并指出了未来发展方向。     

微波辐射在合成沙利度胺的铵盐类衍生物中的应用

沙利度胺(Thalidomide)又名反应停,化学名称为N-2-(2,6-二氧-3-哌啶基)-邻苯二甲酰亚胺[N-2-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-phthalidomide],是一种合成类谷氨酸衍生物,曾因致畸副作用而一度停止对其的研究[1].但上个世纪末期,Sampaio[2]等曾报道,沙利度胺可抑制体外LPS刺激原代人体单核细胞生成TNF-α,Kenyon[3]等的研究表明(S)-沙利度胺有着很强的抑制血管生成作用,再度引发了科学界对沙利度胺及其相关衍生物的研究兴趣.     

1,3-二氢-1,3-二氧-2H-异吲哚类衍生物的合成及抗新生血管生成活性研究

根据整合素α_vβ₃受体内源性配基RGD三肽构效关系和作用机制,以沙利度胺为先导化合物,设计并合成了5个未见文献报道的5-羧基-1,3-二氢-1,3-二氧-2H-异吲哚类衍生物,其结构经元素分析、红外光谱及核磁共振谱确证.体外初步生物活性筛选实验结果表明,部分目标物对脐静脉血管内皮细胞株(ECV304)增殖有显著抑制活性.     

基于3-羟基沙利度胺的比率型荧光探针对过氧化氢的检测

药物分子3-羟基沙利度胺作为分子胶水因其良好的生物相容性、 明确的代谢途径以及与CRBN 蛋白的特异性结合而备受关注, 但其在分析化学领域的应用却鲜有报道. 本文基于3-羟基沙利度胺的特殊荧光性能, 研究了其在化学传感器领域的新应用. 以3-羟基沙利度胺为荧光核, 设计合成了显现荧光的过氧化氢探针沙利度胺基频哪醇硼酸酯. 基于激发态分子内质子转移机理, 该探针对过氧化氢显示出特异选择性和超高灵敏度, 检出限为9.8 nmo/L, 可应用于化学实验废水、 污水及化妆品中过氧化氢的检测. 此外, 通过光谱技术和理论计算揭示了该荧光探针的识别机制.     

一步法合成沙利度胺及其重要的衍生物

沙利度胺（1）最早是由德国的一家制药公司在20世纪50年代上市的一种用于镇静和孕妇止吐的药物,当时被认为是一个毒性很小的药物,但是很快就发现这个药物有非常强的致畸性,于是在1962年这个药物撤出了市场。后期研究结果表明,沙利度胺的致畸性是由其5－异构体导致的,     

微波辐射在合成沙利度胺中的应用

以邻苯二甲酸醉和尿素为原料,应用微波辐射加热技术,共经过四步合成目标产物沙利度胺的方法,且产物不需要经过多次纯化.考察了辐射功率、辐射时间、原料配比、溶剂用量等对收率的影响.与常规加热方法合成沙利度胺比较,微波辅助合成在提高产率的同时大大缩短了反应时间,且具有操作简单、环境污染小、产品质量好等优点.     

MALDI-TOF-MS法对重组人内皮抑素蛋白分子质量测定

肿瘤的生长依赖于血管的生成,新生血管不仅为肿瘤生长提供必需的营养物质,而且为肿瘤细胞扩散提供了重要的途径。1997年哈佛大学的O'Reilly等发现了一种内源性新血管生成抑制因子内皮抑素(Endoscatin),显示出特异抑制激活的血管内皮细胞增殖和肿瘤新血管生成的生物学活性,其抗肿瘤作用具有高效、低毒、无耐药性的优点。目前,内皮抑素的研究引起了国内外广泛的兴趣,在美国已进行以安全性为目的的I期临床实验,国内也有多家公司对内皮抑素进行了抗肿瘤研究并申报一类新药。内皮抑素有望成为医治肿瘤而又没有化疗和放疗的毒副作用的一种新的治疗方法,但是否能作为药物应用于临床,尚需对内皮抑素的结构特点及抑制肿瘤和内皮细胞的作用机制等方面进行许多深入的研究。     

沙利多胺与叶酸偶联物的合成研究

本文报道了沙利多胺与叶酸偶联物的合成方法。以廉价易得的邻苯二甲酸酐和谷氨酰胺为原料通过酰化、环合反应得到沙利多胺,沙利多胺与37%甲醛溶液通过羟甲基化反应得到N-羟甲基沙利多胺,再与N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)活化的叶酸通过偶联反应得到目标化合物。合成的关键中间体和目标化合物的物性与文献一致,其结构经核磁共振氢谱确认。     

3-甲氧基-6-取代-5,6-二氢吡咯[3,4-b]吡啶-1-酮的合成与生物活性

以3-甲基-2-氰基吡啶为原料,经水解、酯化、硝化、甲氧基取代、溴代反应制得中间体3-溴甲基-5-甲氧基吡啶-2-甲酸甲酯(7),然后中间体与不同的有机胺经环合反应得到一系列新的沙利度胺衍生物3-甲氧基-6-取代-5,6-二氢吡咯[3,4-b]吡啶-7-酮1a~1l.其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR及HRMS确证.采用MTT(噻唑蓝)法测试了目标化合物抑制HCT-116,MG-63,MCF-7,HUVEC及HMVEC细胞的活性,结果表明,几乎所有化合物对人体正常细胞无明显抑制作用,化合物1h~1l只对MG-63细胞株有明显的抑制活性,化合物1c~1g对这三种肿瘤细胞都有较强的抑制活性,其中化合物1d和1e活性最强.     

卡维地洛对映体的毛细管电泳分离

1引言卡维地洛是一个新型的非选择性β-受体阻断剂,它能扩张血管起到抗高血压的作用。研究表明,当人体服用消旋体卡维地洛后,(-)-S-卡维地洛的β-阻断效应要比( )-R-卡维地洛强100倍;当与胺碘酮同时服用后,(-)-S-卡维地洛的代谢会被强烈抑制。卡维地洛对映体的手性分离一般采用     

Agostic bonds in cyclometalation

Cyclometalation reactions proceed very easily with one step reaction between metal compounds and substrates having a heteroatom such as O, S, N, P and As. However, under mild reaction conditions, many agostic compounds which are intermediates in these cyclometalation reactions, can be isolated. The metal compounds used for the formation of these agostic intermediates are both transition metal and main group metal compounds. The substrates are nitrogen-containing compounds, phosphorus-containing compounds, oxygen-containing compounds and sulfur-containing compounds. These agostic intermediates are mainly δ-C-H agostic compounds, some are γ-C-H agostic compounds and very few are ?-C-H-agostic compounds. The agostic intermediates are prepared, usually, under mild reaction conditions in the cyclometalation reaction. These agostic compounds are also prepared from cyclometalation reaction products, e.g., by the protonation, irradiation, and elimination of ligand molecules by vacuum, inert gas current, dehydration with a molecular sieves 4A, etc. Some agostic compounds are utilized for preparation of stable catalysts, e.g., hydrogenation catalysts.     

白石湖煤液化粗油加氢精制过程硫、氮化合物转化规律

采用实沸点蒸馏仪对白石湖煤液化油进行馏分切割,切取<170℃液化粗油进行加氢精制脱除其中硫、氮化合物,采用硫化学发光气相色谱仪（GC-SCD）、氮化学发光气相色谱仪（GC-NCD）对液化粗油和精制油中硫、氮化合物进行分析表征,研究加氢精制过程硫、氮化合物的转化规律。结果表明,液化粗油中含硫化合物主要是噻吩类化合物和硫醇,经过加氢精制后基本消失,苯并噻酚类化合物脱除比例要低于噻吩类化合物,属于较难脱除含硫化合物。液化粗油中含氮化合物主要是苯胺类化合物,其次是吲哚类化合物,经过加氢精制吲哚类化合物全被脱除,苯胺和喹啉类化合物属于碱性含氮化合物,是精制油中残留的主要含氮化合物,含量达1.61 mg/kg。     

某些结构受阻氧鎓盐的吸收和荧光

氧锅盐是一类带正电行的杂环化合物，作为一种合成中间体，氧锅盐在有机合成方面已得到广泛的应用［’］近年来人们对其发光和光谱性质的研究也给予足够的注意．这是由于很多氧锅盐化合物有着很强的荧光发射【’J，并且其中有些已被用作激光染料出或Q一开关材料卜1由于氧钠盐强烈的亲电特性，因而它在聚乙烯咋哇电照相体系中也受到特殊的注意，即通过它来捕获电子和诱导分子内正空穴向负电极方向迁移问染料分子的刚性化对激发分子的弛豫过程往往会带来巨大的影响，如非刚性化分子会通过分子内自由旋转使分子在激发态的弛豫过程中形成不同的…     

某些结构受阻氧鎓盐的吸收和荧光

A series of pyrylium compounds with different structures have been synthesized. The photophysical behavior of these compounds has also been measured. Results show that the structures of compounds and the polarities of solvents make great effects on the photophysical behaviors of compounds, especially when the structures of compounds are hindered. It indicats that the intramolecular rotation relaxation of compounds in excited state in closely related to the fluorescence quantum yields of compounds.     

含氧、氮、硫杂螺环结构的光致变色化合物研究进展

有机螺环光致变色化合物具有较好的化学稳定性、光敏性和抗光疲劳性, 可应用于光过滤器及光学记录存储. 为了获得性能优良的螺环光致变色化合物, 新的设计合成一直是该领域研究的热点. 总结了对含氧、氮、硫杂螺环结构的光致变色化合物的研究进展, 描述了螺环化合物的结构特征和部分化合物的合成过程, 展望了螺环光致变色化合物的发展前景.     

Prediction of the molar volume at the normal boiling point

A group contribution method for the prediction of the molar volume at the normal boiling point has been developed. The method can be used for organic and inorganic compounds. It cannot be used for elements and diatomic molecules. Group contributions are shown for a wide variety of hydrocarbons, organic halogen compounds, organic oxygen compounds, organic nitrogen compounds, organic sulfur compounds, organic boron compounds, organic silicon compounds, miscellaneous organics, and many inorganic compounds.Contrary to the corresponding states methods for the prediction of molar volumes, knowledge of critical properties, acentric factors, and reference volumes is not needed.     

多功能光致变色化合物

有机光致变色化合物是一种新型有机功能化合物,可广泛应用于光存储、光开关和光转换器件等领域,本文综述近几年来双光致变色化合物体系及具有荧光性能、磁性能等多功能光致变色化合物体系的研究进展,并对有机光致变色化合物的研究应用做了展望。     

The identification of new ATAD2 bromodomain inhibitors: the application of combined ligand and structure-based virtual screening

Ligand-based virtual screening (LBVS) and structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) approaches were used to identify new inhibitors for ATAD2 bromodomain. The LBVS approach was used to search 23,129,083 clean compounds to identify compounds similar to an active compound with reported pIC₅₀ equal to 7.2. Based on LBVS results, 19 compounds were selected. To perform SBVS, by applying nine filters on 23,129,083 clean compounds, 1,057,060 compounds were selected. After performing SBVS on these selected compounds with idock software, 16 compounds with the lowest binding energies were selected. More accurate molecular docking analysis was performed on these 35 selected compounds by using iGEMDOCK software and six of them with the lowest binding energies were selected as hit compounds. These compounds were zinc36647229, zinc77969074, zinc13637358, zinc77971540, zinc12991296 and zinc19374204.     

Lead validation and SAR development via chemical similarity searching; application to compounds targeting the pY+3 site of the SH2 domain of p56lck

Compound selection based on chemical similarity has been used to validate active "parent" compounds identified via database searching as viable lead compounds and to obtain initial structure-activity relationships for those leads. Twelve parent compounds that have inhibitory activity against the SH2 domain of the p56 T-cell tyrosine kinase (Lck) are the focus of this study. Lck is involved in the T-cell mediated immune response, and inhibitors of Lck protein-protein interactions could potentially be used to develop novel immunosuppressants. Similarity searches for each parent compound were performed using 2D structural fingerprints on a database containing 1,300,000 commercially available compounds. The inhibitory activity of the selected compounds was assessed using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). In general, the most active parent compounds yield the most high activity similar compounds; however, in two cases low activity parent compounds (i.e. inhibitory activity < 25% at 100 microM) yielded multiple similar compounds with activities > 60%. Such compounds may, therefore, be considered as viable lead compounds for optimization. Structure-activity relationships were explored by examining both ligand structures and their computed bound conformations to the protein. Functional groups common to the active compounds as well as key amino acid residues that form hydrogen bonds with the active compounds were identified. This information will act as the basis for the rational optimization of the lead compounds.