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1.
Let be the set of nonnegative integers and the ring of integers. Let
be the ring of N × N matrices over generated by the following two matrices: one obtained from the identity matrix by shifting the ones one position to the right and the other one position down. This ring plays an important role in the study of directly finite rings. Calculation of invertible and idempotent elements of
yields that the subrings generated by them coincide. This subring is the sum of the ideal
consisting of all matrices in
with only a finite number of nonzero entries and the subring of
generated by the identity matrix. Regular elements are also described. We characterize all ideals of
, show that all ideals are finitely generated and that not all ideals of
are principal. Some general ring theoretic properties of
are also established. 相似文献
2.
Judita Lihová 《Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal》1999,49(1):67-80
Let
be a partially ordered set, Int
the system of all (nonempty) intervals of
partially ordered by the set-theoretical inclusion
. We are interested in partially ordered sets
with Int
isomorphic to Int
. We are going to show that they correspond to couples of binary relations on A satisfying some conditions. If
is a directed partially ordered set, the only
with Int
isomorphic to Int
are
corresponding to direct decompositions
of
(
denotes the dual of
. The present results include those presented in the paper [11] by V. Slavík. Systems of intervals, particularly of lattices, have been investigated by many authors, cf. [1]–[11]. 相似文献
3.
Ján Jakubík 《Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal》2002,52(3):651-663
Let Int
be the lattice of all intervals of an MV-algebra
. In the present paper we investigate the relations between direct product decompositions of
and (i) the lattice Int
, or (ii) 2-periodic isometries on
, respectively. 相似文献
4.
Ján Jakubík 《Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal》2003,53(1):113-125
For a pseudo MV-algebra
we denote by
the underlying lattice of
. In the present paper we investigate the algebraic properties of maximal convex chains in
containing the element 0. We generalize a result of Dvureenskij and Pulmannová. 相似文献
5.
J. E. Marcos 《Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal》2003,53(3):689-706
We define various ring sequential convergences on
and
. We describe their properties and properties of their convergence completions. In particular, we define a convergence
on
by means of a nonprincipal ultrafilter on the positive prime numbers such that the underlying set of the completion is the ultraproduct of the prime finite fields
Further, we show that
is sequentially precompact but fails to be strongly sequentially precompact; this solves a problem posed by D. Dikranjan. 相似文献
6.
In this paper we study the relationship between one-sided reverse Holder classes
and the
classes. We find the best possible range of
to which an
weight belongs, in terms of the
constant. Conversely, we also find the best range of
to which a
weight belongs, in terms of the
constant. Similar problems for
,
and
are solved using factorization. 相似文献
7.
Let
be realhomogeneous functions in
ofdegree
and let bethe Borel measure on
given by
where dx denotes theLebesgue measure on
and > 0. Let T
be the convolution operator
and let
Assume that, for x 0, the followingtwo conditions hold:
vanishes only at h = 0 and
. In this paper we show that if
then E
is the empty set and if
then E
is the closed segment withendpoints
and
. Also, we give some examples. 相似文献
8.
In this note we show that B-scrolls over null curves in a 3-dimensional Lorentzian space form
are characterized as the only ruled surfaces with null rulings whose Gauss maps G satisfy the condition
being a parallel endomorphism of
. 相似文献
9.
The concepts of an annihilator and a relative annihilator in an autometrized l-algebra are introduced. It is shown that every relative annihilator in a normal autometrized l-algebra
is an ideal of
and every principal ideal of
is an annihilator of
. The set of all annihilators of
forms a complete lattice. The concept of an I-polar is introduced for every ideal I of
. The set of all I-polars is a complete lattice which becomes a two-element chain provided I is prime. The I-polars are characterized as pseudocomplements in the lattice of all ideals of
containing I. 相似文献
10.
P. M. G. Manchón 《Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal》2002,52(1):1-9
In this paper we study the hypersurfaces
given as connected compact regular fibers of a differentiable map
, in the cases in which
has finitely many nondegenerate critical points in the unbounded component of
. 相似文献
11.
C. S. Lin 《Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal》2002,52(3):665-672
In this paper we prove two results. The first is an extension of the result of G. D. Jones [4[:Every nontrivial solution for
must be unbounded, provided
, in
and for every bounded subset I, f(t, z) is bounded in E × I.(B) Every bounded solution for
, in
, must be constant, provided
in
and for every bounded subset I,
is bounded in
. 相似文献
12.
Let
and
be groups and let
be an extension of
by
. Given a property
of group compactifications, one can ask whether there exist compactifications
and
of N and K such that the universal
-compactification of G is canonically isomorphic to an extension of
by
. We prove a theorem which gives necessary and sufficient conditions for this to occur for general properties
and then apply this result to the almost periodic and weakly almost periodic compactifications of G. 相似文献
13.
We construct the trajectory attractor
of a three-dimensional Navier--Stokes system with exciting force
. The set
consists of a class of solutions to this system which are bounded in
, defined on the positive semi-infinite interval
of the time axis, and can be extended to the entire time axis
so that they still remain bounded-in-
solutions of the Navier--Stokes system. In this case any family of bounded-in-
solutions of this system comes arbitrary close to the trajectory attractor
. We prove that the solutions
are continuous in t if they are treated in the space of functions ranging in
. The restriction of the trajectory attractor
to
,
, is called the global attractor of the Navier--Stokes system. We prove that the global attractor
thus defined possesses properties typical of well-known global attractors of evolution equations. We also prove that as
the trajectory attractors
and the global attractors
of the
-order Galerkin approximations of the Navier--Stokes system converge to the trajectory and global attractors
and
, respectively. Similar problems are studied for the cases of an exciting force of the form
depending on time
and of an external force
rapidly oscillating with respect to the spatial variables or with respect to time
. 相似文献
14.
Let
and
be Hausdorff topological vector spaces over the field
, let
be a bilinear functional, and let
be a non-empty subset of
. Given a set-valued map
and two set-valued maps
, the generalized bi-quasi-variational inequality (GBQVI) problem is to find a point
and a point
such that
and
for all
and for all
or to find a point
a point
and a point
such that
and
for all
. The generalized bi-quasi-variational inequality was introduced first by Shih and Tan [8] in 1989. In this paper we shall obtain some existence theorems of generalized bi-quasi-variational inequalities as application of upper hemi-continuous operators [4] in locally convex topological vector spaces on compact sets. 相似文献
15.
Dong Zhe 《Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal》2006,56(2):287-298
In this paper we investigate finite rank operators in the Jacobson radical
of Alg(
), where
are nests. Based on the concrete characterizations of rank one operators in Alg(
) and
, we obtain that each finite rank operator in
can be written as a finite sum of rank one operators in
and the weak closure of
equals Alg(
) if and only if at least one of
is continuous. 相似文献
16.
In this paper we study Beurling type distributions in the Hankel setting. We consider the space
of Beurling type distributions on (0, ) having upper bounded support. The Hankel transform and the Hankel convolution are studied on the space
. We also establish Paley Wiener type theorems for Hankel transformations of distributions in
. 相似文献
17.
We prove the absolute continuity of the spectrum of the Schrödinger operator in
,
, with periodic (with a common period lattice
) scalar
and vector
potentials for which either
,
, or the Fourier series of the vector potential
converges absolutely,
, where
is an elementary cell of the lattice
,
for
, and
for
, and the value of
is sufficiently small, where
and
otherwise,
, and
. 相似文献
18.
We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the augmentation and modification problems of order
for Hermitian matrices. The augmentation problem consists in the construction of a Hermitian
-matrix with a given
-block
in block
-representation and with the prescribed eigenvalues. The modification problem consists in the construction of a Hermitian
-matrix
of rank not greater than
so that the obtained matrix, being added to a given Hermitian
-matrix
, will have the required spectrum. We give an estimate for the minimal number of different eigenvalues of the solutions to these problems. 相似文献
19.
Using an analog of the classical Frobenius recursion, we define the notion of a Frobenius
-homomorphism. For
, this is an ordinary ring homomorphism. We give a constructive proof of the following theorem. Let X be a compact Hausdorff space,
the
th symmetric power of X, and
the algebra of continuous complex-valued functions on X with the sup-norm; then the evaluation map
defined by the formula
identifies the space
with the space of all Frobenius
-homomorphisms of the algebra
into
with the weak topology. 相似文献
20.