全氟和多氟烷基磺酸的研究XVIII.全氟烷磺酸二氟甲酯及其反应

和RFSO3CH2R(1)及RFSO3CF2RF'(2)不同,RFSO3CF2H(3)(RF=CF3,3a;ICF2CF2OCF2CF2,3b;Cl2CFCF2OCF2CF2,3c;ClCF2CF2OCF2CF2,3d)和亲核试剂的反应较为复杂。除X[-](X=F,Cl,I)及C2H5OH与3反应时只发生C-O键断裂外,其它试剂如RCO2[-],C6H5S[-]等既可进攻硫原子又可进攻碳原子,但以前者为主。碱性较强的试剂如RO[-]还可夺取二氟甲基的氢原子而产生二氟卡宾。在3中由于甲基碳上存在两个氟原子,确实有着一定的屏蔽作用,因此阻碍了某些试剂对它的亲核进攻,但由于这个碳上还连有一个氢原子,所以这种屏蔽作用并不完全。     

氟丙烯在高温下的热稳定性

用单脉冲激波管研究了全氟丙烯C3F6的分解。使用H2作为清扫剂。产物包括 CH4、 C2F4、 CF3H和C2F3H,作为对断键反应过程的指示。C3F6的断键反应为 C3F6  CF3+C2F3 （1） 得到其速率常数表达式为 k（C3F6  CF3+C2F3)=10(17.4±0.2)exp-(355300±8360)/(RT) s-1 温度范围为1090 K相似文献   

SF_5CF_3与还原性自由基C_2H_3脱氟反应机理研究

用密度泛函B3PW91/6-311g(d,p)方法对SF5CF3与还原性自由基C2H3反应机理进行了理论研究,优化了反应通道上反应物、过渡态、中间体和产物的几何构型,用内禀反应坐标计算和频率分析确认了过渡态.用精确模型算法G3(MP2)计算了各物种单点能量.研究结果表明:SF5CF3与C2H3自由基反应为多通道反应,C2H3可脱去SF5CF3分子中不同位上的F原子,分别生成3个中间体IM1,IM2和IM3.然后3个中间体发生自分解反应生成产物P1[CF2SF5+C2H3F],P2[CF3SF4(a)+C2H3F]和P3[CF3SF4(b)+C2H3F],其中Path 2和Path 3能垒高度分别为141.9和147.0kJ·mol-1,为竞争反应通道,P2和P3为反应主产物.     

氟烷磺酰氟和全乙酰基保护的吡喃型半缩醛单糖的氟代反应

考察了5-氢-3-氧杂-1,1,2,2,4,4,5,5-八氟戊烷磺酰氟(HCF2CF2OCF2CF2SO2F)和全乙酰基保护的吡喃型半缩醛单糖在有机碱存在下的氟代反应.实验结果表明,氟烷基磺酰氟试剂HCF2CF2OCF2CF2SO2F能够诱导全乙酰基保护的吡喃型半缩醛单糖发生氟代反应而生成相应的氟代糖苷,得率44%～94%.该方法具有反应条件温和和后处理简便等优点,可作为一种有效的方法用于氟代糖苷的制备中.     

阳离子碳氢/碳氟表面活性剂与中性高聚物相互作用的研究

研究了阳离子碳氢表面活性剂十二烷基三烷基溴化铵[C12H25N(CnH2n＋1)3Br, n＝1, 2, 3, 4]和阳离子碳氟表面活性剂F[CF(CF3)CF2O]2CF(CF3)CONH(CH2)3N(C2H5)2CH3I (FCI-2)分别与中性高聚物聚氧乙烯(PEO, 分子量20000)和聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯三嵌段共聚物[(EO)76(PO)29(EO)76, F68]的相互作用. 结果表明, 所用的碳氢阳离子表面活性剂与PEO和F68均无相互作用, 但碳氟阳离子表面活性剂FCI-2与PEO和F68均具有明显的相互作用, 而且F68与FCI-2的相互作用强于PEO与FCI-2体系. 结果也初步表明碳氟表面活性剂与高聚物的相互作用强于碳氢表面活性剂-高聚物体系.     

亚磺化脱卤研究 X: 全氟及多氟溴代烷的反应研究

本文报道溴代全氟烷和α,ω-二溴代全氟烷在亚磺化脱卤反应体系中与烯烃的反应及其与相应的碘代全氟烷的区别. 合成了全氟仲溴代烷CF3CFBrOCF2CF(CF3)O(CF2)2SO2F(7), 它与烯烃反应可得到1:1的加成物. 7的水解产物CF3CFBrOCF2CF(CF3)O(CF2)2SO3Na(11)与连二亚硫酸钠反应只得到氢化脱溴产物. 多氟溴化物CF3CBr2X(13X=F; 14X=Cl; 15X=Br)经亚磺化脱溴可得到相应的亚磺酸钠盐CF3CBrXSO2Na(16X=F; 17X=Cl; 18X=Br), 其中间体多氟烷自由基可用烯烃捕集, 得到高产率的1:1加成产物.     

亚磺化脱卤研究 X: 全氟及多氟溴代烷的反应研究

本文报道溴代全氟烷和α,ω-二溴代全氟烷在亚磺化脱卤反应体系中与烯烃的反应及其与相应的碘代全氟烷的区别. 合成了全氟仲溴代烷CF3CFBrOCF2CF(CF3)O(CF2)2SO2F(7), 它与烯烃反应可得到1:1的加成物. 7的水解产物CF3CFBrOCF2CF(CF3)O(CF2)2SO3Na(11)与连二亚硫酸钠反应只得到氢化脱溴产物. 多氟溴化物CF3CBr2X(13X=F; 14X=Cl; 15X=Br)经亚磺化脱溴可得到相应的亚磺酸钠盐CF3CBrXSO2Na(16X=F; 17X=Cl; 18X=Br), 其中间体多氟烷自由基可用烯烃捕集, 得到高产率的1:1加成产物.     

CF_2自由基_态伸缩振动频率的测定

CF2自由基作为许多碳氟化合反应的中间物及它在大气化学中的影响而一直引起人们的研究兴趣同．自从1950年Venkateswarlu首次观测到它的光谱以来同，对CF2电子基态的理论及实验研究方面都有相当多的数据积累．特别是近年来高分辨红外光谱对CF2电子基态提供了结论性的数据[3,4]．     

碳氟-碳氢表面活性剂混合水溶液在油面上铺展

本文研究RfCONH(CH2)3N(C2H5)2CH3I/CnH2n 1,COONa及RfCOONa/CmH2m 1N(CH3)3Br(Rf=F[CF(CF3)CF2O]2CF(CF3);n=7,8.11,13;m=8,10,12)两类正，负离子碳氟－碳氢表面活性剂混合水溶液在油面上的铺展及对油面的密封性能。研究表明在碳氟表面活性剂中加入异电性碳氢表面活性剂可大大降低碳氟表面活性剂水溶液的铺展浓度，也可使一些因素表面张力较高而不能铺展的碳氟表面活性剂水溶液在油面上铺展。在碳氟表面活性剂中加入异电性碳氢表面活性剂可提高水膜对油面的密封性。若在混合表面活性剂中加入黄原胶，水膜的密封性能更好。     

三氟甲烷灭火过程中HF生成量的研究

三氟甲烷（CF3H, HFC-23）是全氟烷烃的一种,在目前的卤烃气体灭火介质市场占据了主导地位;然而,在三氟甲烷和火焰作用的过程中产生的HF不仅对火灾现场设备具有严重的腐蚀,而且对灭火现场人员具有严重的伤害,故氟化氢（HF）的生成量是其工程应用需要考虑的重要问题之一;然而,对三氟甲烷在灭火过程中HF生成量的研究,目前尚缺乏深入有效的理论计算方法;本文应用量子化学从头算方法,在B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)水平上,对三氟甲烷在火场作用下热分解动力学特性进行研究,建立三氟甲烷灭火生成HF量的计算模型;其次,采用原位光谱诊断方法,对在Cup-Burner中,CF3H熄灭酒精火焰作用过程中HF的浓度变化进行在线测量;通过HF理论预测值与实验值对比分析,验证了预测模型的可靠性;此外,CF3H灭火过程中产生HF主要产生路径是为CF3H+?H反应;理论分析和实验表明,CF3H在100℃到400℃之间,HF产生量最快;超过400℃时,HF量基本保持不变。该研究为优化三氟甲烷的系统设计,减少腐蚀性气体的生成量和拓宽三氟甲烷工程应用范围提供指导。     

CF3CO和CF3C（O）O自由基分解反应理论研究

利用文献结果，用统计热力学和过渡态理论计算了ＣＦ３ＣＯ和ＣＦ３Ｃ（Ｏ）Ｏ自由基分解反应的热力学和动力学数据。计算结果表明，计算值与最新实验数据甚相符合，并据此判断，ＣＦ３ＣＯ和ＣＦ３Ｃ（Ｏ）Ｏ均很不稳定，不可能参加Ｏ３分解的循环催化反应。     

双自由基CF2与O3的反应机理

主要用作致冷剂和发泡剂的氯氟烃（CFCs）是破坏臭氧层的主要物质之一．对氯氟烃类化合物及其降解产物（包括光解、光氧化、化学反应产物等）在大气中行为问题的研究是大气化学研究的重要内容．前人[1-3]从理论和实验两方面研究了自由基与臭氧的反应机制，但是氯氟烃光解过程中     

SYNTHESIS OF CF_3-SUBSTITUTED ENEDIYNES

ＳＹＮＴＨＥＳＩＳＯＦＣＦ＿３－ＳＵＢＳＴＩＴＵＴＥＤＥＮＥＤＩＹＮＥＳＳＹＮＴＨＥＳＩＳＯＦＣＦ＿３－ＳＵＢＳＴＩＴＵＴＥＤＥＮＥＤＩＹＮＥＳ￥ＦｅｎｇＨＯＮＧａｎｄＣｈａｎｇＭｉｎｇＨＵ（ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＯｒｇａｎｉｃＣｈｅ...     

CF3CH2CH3+OH的反应机理及动力学性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论BB1K/6-31+G(d,p)计算了反应CF₃CH₂CH₃+OH各反应通道上驻点的稳定结构和振动频率, 并分别在BMC-CCSD, MC-QCISD和G3(MP2)水平上进行了单点能校正. 运用变分过渡态理论, 在BMC-CCSD//BB1K, MC-QCISD//BB1K, G3(MP2)//BB1K以及BB1K水平上计算了各反应通道的速率常数, 讨论了-CH₂和-CH₃基团上H提取通道对总反应的贡献, 并与已有实验和理论结果进行了对比. 计算结果表明, BMC-CCSD水平上的速率常数与实验测量值符合得很好, 进而给出了该水平上反应在200~1000 K温度范围内速率常数k(cm³?molecule^-1?s^-1)的三参数表达式: k=1.90×10^-21T^3.21exp(-292.62/T).     

Theoretical studies of the reactions of CF3CHCLOCHF2/CF3CHFOCHF2 with OH radical and Cl atom and their product radicals with OH

The mechanisms and dynamics studies of the OH radical and Cl atom with CF(3)CHClOCHF(2) and CF(3)CHFOCHF(2) have been carried out theoretically. The geometries and frequencies of all the stationary points are optimized at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level, and the energy profiles are further refined by interpolated single-point energies (ISPE) method at the G3(MP2) level of theory. For each reaction, two H-abstraction channels are found and four products (CF(3)CHFOCF(2), CF(3)CFOCHF(2), and CF(3)CHClOCF(2), CF(3)CClOCHF(2)) are produced during the above processes. The rate constants for the CF(3)CHClOCHF(2)/CF(3)CHFOCHF(2) + OH/Cl reactions are calculated by canonical variational transition-state theory (CVT) within 200-2000 K, and the small-curvature tunneling is included. The total rate constants calculated from the sum of the individual rate constants and the branching ratios are in good agreement with the experimental data. The Arrhenius expressions for the reactions are obtained. Our calculation shows that the substitution of Cl by F decreases the reactivity of CF(3)CHClOCHF(2) toward OH and Cl. In addition, the mechanisms of subsequent reactions of product radicals and OH radical are further investigated at the G3(MP2)//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level, and the main products are predicted in the this article.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Mn(phen)(CF_3COO)(H_2O)_3·NO_3

1 INTRODUCTION The manganese(II) ion is a biologically essential element. Knowledge of its importance is increasing as more and more enzymes are found to contain manganese ions at the active center[1, 2]. The X-ray crystallographic structures of a consi…     

Photoisomerization of matrix-isolated bis(trifluoromethyl) sulfoxide: formation of the sulfenic ester CF3SOCF3

Bis(trifluoromethyl) sulfoxide, CF(3)S(O)CF(3), isolated in noble gas matrixes at low temperatures, isomerizes upon UV irradiation into the sulfenic ester CF(3)SOCF(3). The new species is characterized spectroscopically, and the vibrational assignment is supported by (18)O isotopic labeling experiments and by DFT calculations. The calculated structural parameters of CF(3)SOCF(3) are compared with the calculated and experimental data of the related compounds CF(3)SSCF(3) and CF(3)OOCF(3). In addition, the computed enthalpy differences between the sulfoxide R(2)S=O and sulfenate RSOR structures for R = H, F, CH(3), and CF(3) are included.     

The trifluoromethoxycarbonyl radical CF(3)OCO

The trifluoromethoxycarbonyl radical CF(3)OCO is formed by low-pressure flash pyrolysis of CF(3)OC(O)OOC(O)OCF(3) or CF(3)OC(O)OOCF(3) in the presence of a high excess of CO and subsequent quenching of the reaction mixture as a CO matrix. The IR and UV spectra are recorded, and a DFT study of CF(3)OCO is presented. According to the quantum chemical calculations, two rotamers should exist with an energy difference between the isomers equal or larger than 12 kJmol(-1). By comparing calculated and observed IR spectra, the presence of the trans form of the CF(3)OCO radical is identified in the matrix. The reaction of CF(3)O radicals with CO leading to CF(3)OCO is calculated to be exothermic by 33.6 kJmol(-1). CF(3)OCO dissociates when irradiated by UV light with lambda<370 nm into CF(3) radicals and CO(2). Experiments show that CF(3) radicals do not react with solid CO to give CF(3)CO.     

Unimolecular elimination of HF and HCl from chemically activated CF3CFClCH2Cl

The unimolecular reactions of CF3CFClCH2Cl molecules formed with 87 kcal mol(-1) of vibrational energy by recombination of CF3CFCl and CH2Cl radicals at room temperature have been characterized by the chemical activation technique. The 2,3-ClH and 2,3-FH elimination reactions, which have rate constants of (2.5 +/- 0.8) x 10(4) and (0.38 +/- 0.11) x 10(4) s(-1), respectively, are the major reactions. The 2,3-FCl interchange reaction was not observed. The trans (or E)-isomers of CF3CFCHCl and CF3CClCHCl are favored over the cis (or Z)-isomers. Density functional theory at the B3PW91/6-31G(d',p') level was used to evaluate thermochemistry and structures of the molecule and transition states. This information was used to calculate statistical rate constants. Matching the calculated to the experimental rate constants for the trans-isomers gave threshold energies of 62 and 63 kcal mol(-1) for HCl and HF elimination, respectively. The threshold energy for FCl interchange must be 3-4 kcal mol(-1) higher than for HF elimination. The results for CF3CFClCH2Cl are compared to those from CF3CFClCH3; the remarkable reduction in rate constants for HCl and HF elimination upon substitution of one Cl atom for one H atom is a consequence of both a lower E and higher threshold energies for CF3CFClCH2Cl.     

CF3 rotation in 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenanthrene. X-ray diffraction and ab initio electronic structure calculations

The molecular and crystal structure of 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenanthrene has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The structure of the isolated molecule has been calculated using electronic structure methods at the HF/3-21G, HF/6-31G, MP2/6-31G and B3LYP/6-31G levels. The potential energy surfaces for the rotation of the CF3 group in both the isolated molecule and cluster models for the crystal were computed using electronic structure methods. The barrier height for CF3 rotation in the isolated molecule was calculated to be 0.40 kcal mol(-1) at B3LYP/6-311+G//B3LYP/6-311+G. The B3LYP/6-31G calculated CF3 rotational barrier in a 13-molecule cluster based on the X-ray data was found to be 2.6 kcal mol(-1). The latter is in excellent agreement with experimental results from the NMR relaxation experiments reported in the companion paper (Beckmann, P. A.; Rosenberg, J.; Nordstrom, K.; Mallory, C. W.; Mallory, F. B. J. Phys. Chem. A 2006, 110, 3947). The computational results on the models for the solid state suggest that the intermolecular interaction between nearest neighbor pairs of CF3 groups in the crystal accounts for roughly 75% of the barrier to rotation in the solid state. This pair is found to undergo cooperative reorientation. We attribute the CF3 reorientational disorder in the crystal as observed by X-ray diffraction to the presence of a pair of minima on the potential energy surface and the effects of librational motion.