关于等离子体的电磁波不稳定性(Ⅱ)

文献[1]由分析色散关系几何性质方法,导出速度分布各向异性的无碰撞等离子体中的电磁波不稳定性的严格和普适判据,但限于沿一个主温度方向传播的波。本文则讨论沿任意方向的波,得出电磁波不稳定性的严格判据。 关键词：     

_(18)Ar~(q~ )(q=3,4)与H和He碰撞的电荷剥离截面

采用二体碰撞近似和托马斯 -费米近似计算了多电荷离子18Arq ( q =3,4 )与中性原子H和He碰撞的电荷剥离截面以及Arq 的势函数和电子动量分布 ,计算结果与文献 [4]中的数据符合得较好。所导出的计算公式和编制的计算程序可以计算任何一个多电荷离子Aq 与H或He碰撞的电荷剥离截面。因而具有一定的普适性。     

_(18)Ar~(q~+)(q=3,4)与H和He碰撞的电荷剥离截面

采用二体碰撞近似和托马斯 -费米近似计算了多电荷离子18Arq+( q =3,4 )与中性原子H和He碰撞的电荷剥离截面以及Arq+的势函数和电子动量分布 ,计算结果与文献 [4]中的数据符合得较好。所导出的计算公式和编制的计算程序可以计算任何一个多电荷离子Aq +与H或He碰撞的电荷剥离截面。因而具有一定的普适性。     

弱电离尘埃等离子体的介电张量研究

忽略磁场作用,通过求解含BGK碰撞项的Boltzmann方程和尘埃粒子充电方程导出了弱电离尘埃等离子体介电张量的表达式.证明了“冷”尘埃等离子体的纵向介电张量系数与横向介电张量系数相等.完善了弱电离尘埃等离子体电磁特性的理论模型. 关键词： 弱电离尘埃等离子体 Boltzmann方程 充电方程 介电张量     

等离子体融断开关磁场Hall渗透机制的模拟研究

 利用自行研制的2-1/2维全电磁柱坐标粒子模拟程序对等离子体融断开关磁场渗透机制进行了模拟研究。模拟结果表明在磁场Hall渗透机制特征长度远远小于等离子体离子的无碰撞趋肤深度的条件下,等离子体内部磁场渗透过程主要由电子流体运动的Hall项来控制。对于等离子体空间分布存在较大的密度梯度的物理问题,必须考虑二维空间特性对磁场渗透速度的影响。在磁场已渗透经过的等离子体区域中,等离子体呈现非电中性,离子受静电场的作用会加速运动到达阴极,最终形成真空鞘层。     

无碰撞等离子体波导的色散关系

一、引言 本文将文献[1]的工作推广,讨论片形与矩形无碰撞等离子体中,玻耳兹曼-麦克斯韦方程组边值问题的一般解。由引入以δ函数为核的积分变换,波矢空间中的多维色散关系均能化成一维的色散关系,使分析方法比文献[1]中采用的方法简易。并使有界波导中的波型与无界等离子体波型间的联系明晰化。得出在片形等离子体波导中除了存在相应于真空波导的TE波与TM波(E波)外,还存在第二类E波,它与静电波密切相关。其次讨论了矩形等离子体波导中的三类波型。最后在普遍情况下,求得相对论性的色散关系;求得相对论性质量效应对色散关系的修正量。     

柱二维内电磁脉冲的自洽计算方法(Ⅱ)

本文是文献[1]的续篇。在麦克斯韦方程组和速率方程组及其差分格式保持不变的条件下,采用欧拉方法求解初级电子数方程组。推导了平面一维和柱二维守恒形式的初级电子方程组的差分格式,同时对柱二维作了数值计算。计算结果和[1]的结果一并放在[2]中讨论。     

计算局部热动平衡和非局部热动平衡等离子体电离度的近似方法

当物质被加热到高温时,特别是高Z元素都要产生多次电离。电离度对等离子体的很多性质都有重要影响。因此,为了解决等离子体的很多实际问题,需要寻求一种计算平均电离度的近似方法。在本文中,首先将文献[1]给出的Thomas-Fermi统计模型电离势的标度律和数值结果用函数逼近,给出了一个便于近似数值求解的解析表达式,然后利用文献[2]给出多次电离的近似计算方法,计算了Au元素LTE情况下的电离度,结果与平均离子模型的计算结果符合得很好。另外,我们将近似方法推广到non-LTE情况,根据电晕模型和碰撞-辐射模型对Au的电离度作了类似的计算。电晕模型的计算结果与文献[1]发表的数据符合得十分好;而碰撞-辐射模型的计算结果随着密度的降低趋近电晕模型的结果,而随着密度的升高趋近于LTE的结果。最后以图表的形式给出了Au元素电离度的所有计算结果及其比较。     

非正交曲线坐标可压湍流S_1流面计算

一、引言 本文在文献[1]的基础上导出了非正交曲线坐标S_1流面内的可压湍流通用流函数方程组,文中连续方程和运动方程直接转化为流函数方程形式,不受势函数的无旋流动的限制,本文用焓和熵代替运动方程中的压力项,直接求解能量方程和熵方程,避免了压力修正带来的困难。导出了非正交曲线坐标系的κ-ε湍流双方程,在近壁区采用壁面函     

考虑磁场对碰撞影响的等离子体输运过程

本文考虑了强磁场对碰撞过程的影响,用Bogoliubov方程来讨论强磁场中等离子体的输运过程。当分布函数随空间的变化比较缓慢、在Debye屏蔽距离内等离子体的密度、温度的变化可以忽略时,得到了计算强磁场中等离子体输运过程的一般方法。最后计算了沿磁场方向的电导率,电导率随磁场的增加而增加。在温度10~6K,电子密度10~(12)cm~(-3),磁场强度约为9T时,考虑磁场对碰撞影响所计算出的电导率,要比忽略磁场对碰撞影响所得结果大22.3％。     

SRB States and Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics Close to Equilibrium

Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics close to equilibrium is studied using SRB states and a formula [10] for their derivatives with respect to parameters. We write general expressions for the thermodynamic fluxes (or currents) and the transport coefficients, generalizing the results of [4, 5]. In this framework we give a general proof of the Onsager reciprocity relations. Received: 2 December 1996 / Accepted: 13 March 1997     

Transport properties of high temperature air in local thermodynamic equilibrium

In the paper new calculated transport coefficients of air in the temperature range 50-100 000 K are presented. The results have been obtained by means of the perturbative Chapman-Enskog method, assuming that the plasma is in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). The calculations include viscosity, thermal conductivity, electric conductivity and multicomponent diffusion coefficients. For the calculation, a recent compilation of collision integrals obtained by Capitelli et al. [1] has been utilized. Analytical expression for all transport coefficients and thermodynamic parameters of the air plasma are also reported. Received 17 November 1999     

强流相对论性电子束与高Z等离子体靶相互作用磁场效应的研究

本文应用简化的Fokker-plancu方程^[1],加上限流扩散和Marshak边界条件,与流体力学程序耦合,研究相对论电子束与高Z等离子体靶相互作用的磁场效应。     

Template analysis of a Faraday disk dynamo

In a recent paper Moroz [1] returned to a nonlinear three-dimensional model of dynamo action for a self-exciting Faraday disk dynamo introduced by Hide et al. [2]. Since only two examples of chaotic behaviour were shown in [2], Moroz [1] performed a more extensive analysis of the dynamo model, producing a selection of bifurcation transition diagrams, including those encompassing the two examples of chaotic behaviour in [2]. Unstable periodic orbits were extracted and presented in [1], but no attempt was made to identify the underlying chaotic attractor. We rectify that here. Illustrating the procedure with one of the cases considered in [1], we use some of the unstable periodic orbits to identify a possible template for the chaotic attractor, using ideas from topology [3]. In particular, we investigate how the template is affected by changes in bifurcation parameter.     

Corrigendum Towards Finite Element Modeling of the Tokamak Scrape-Off Layer

A term is missing in the weak form of the total parallel momentum balance given in [1], and this affects the results of [2]. We present here the correct balance, and the corresponding results which supersede those given in [2]. The results of [3], on the contrary, are essentially unaffected.     

Anomalies in the ion transport of phosphoric acid in water and heavy-water environments

This paper presents the experimentally determined precise transport data - (tracer) diffusion coefficients in both water and heavy-water environments, together with molar conductivity and viscosity of (ortho)phosphoric acid in water over an extended concentration range at [Formula: see text]. The concentration (c) dependence of the diffusion coefficients (D), viscosity [Formula: see text] and molar conductivity [Formula: see text] have been analysed. An anomalous depression in the D - [Formula: see text] curve for both [Formula: see text] - [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] - [Formula: see text] systems in the neighbourhood of 0.8 M is observed, which is complementary to the sudden sharp rise observed in the [Formula: see text] curve in the neighbourhood of 0.8 M. Although the occurrence of such an anomaly could be inferred from the earlier conductance, e.m.f. and diffusion data, it was never conclusively inferred earlier. This new set of diffusion and viscosity data clearly delineates anomalies in the ion transport of phosphoric acid.     

流注放电低温等离子体中电子输运系数计算的蒙特卡罗模型

流体或者粒子-流体混合数值仿真是研究流注放电基本物理机制的常用手段,而精确的电子输运系数是保证其仿真正确性的必要前提.鉴于现有电子输运系数求解工具存在一定缺陷,本文开发了采用蒙特卡罗方法求解低温等离子体中电子输运系数的仿真工具,测试表明其准确性和精确度均较高.研究了氮氧气体混合比及大气压下三体碰撞吸附对电子输运系数的影响.氮气中流注放电仿真表明,流体仿真中采用本模型改进后的电子输运系数可显著改善流注通道内部的等离子体参数分布.     

On Island Formation in a Locally Perturbed Tokamak Equilibrium

To control the plasma transport at the edge of a tokamak the outer flux surfaces can be artificially destroyed by applying a resonant helical magnetic field, as it is demonstrated at Pulsator [1],[2], [3], Tore Supra [4],[5] and proposed for TEXTOR-94 [6] in the concept of “ergodic divertors”. As a measure of the efficiency of the perturbation field e.g. the level of the field line diffusion coefficient DFL the width Δ_i of the magnetic islands and the related Chirikov parameter are of importance [7],[8],[9],[10]. For the planned Dynamic Ergodic Divertor (DED) at TEXTOR-94 where the perturbation coils are located at the high field side the standard expression for Δ_i using the Fourier components of the magnetic field perturbation [7] leads to results significantly different from field line tracing calculations [11]. The standard expression is commonly used in terms of the perturbation magnetic field δB [5],[7],[8],[9],[12],[13]. But when replacing the Fourier components of the perturbation vector potential by those of the magnetic field finite aspect ratio effects have been neglected so far. For present tokamaks with ? = r/R ? 0.3 this can lead to an error in the field line diffusion of one to two orders of magnitude. In this paper it is shown that taking into account the finite aspect ratio at this point leads to correct results compared to the highly precise field line tracing calculations by the Gourdon code. The island width then is recognized to depend significantly on the poloidal position of the perturbation field. This is in contrast to the standard expression. Also the role of the choice of the magnetic coordinate system is considered.     

Scaling laws for plasma transport due toη i-driven turbulence

The scale invariance technique has been employed to discuss theη _i-driven turbulent transport under a new fluid model developed by Kimet al [1]. Our analysis reveals that the finite Larmour radius effect plays a decisive role to determine the scaling behaviour of the energy transport under the new fluid model. However, the overall scaling of the transport coefficient remains unchanged as compared to that derived by Connor [2] under the traditional fluid model. The approximations considered by Connor [2] are qualified with additional requirements within the new fluid approach. In the dissipative case, which has not been discussed earlier, additional constraints on the power scaling laws of the transport properties are imposed due to the dissipative mechanisms in the basic governing equations.     

仿激光开系的阻尼振子量子化方案

激光全量子理论对激光开系采用热浴模型进行了量子化。近两年来,文献[1,2]又报道了两种阻尼振子的量子化方案,与激光开系热浴模型比较,迥然不同。本文在简要介绍激光开系热浴模型后,便与文献[1,2]方案进行分析比较,指出这后两种方案存在的困难,并提出仿激光开系的阻尼振子量子化方案。最后求得仿开系方案的Hamiltonian及相应的Schr?dinger方程的解及力学量平均值的计算。在量子起伏项不再出现阻尼因子。 关键词：