聚砜/聚醚砜相容性对合金膜结构和性能的影响

通过混合焓法预测并用相差显微镜表征了PSF/PES合金体系的相容性,表明二者为相容性比较差的部分相容体系.合金膜中聚合物的组成影响PSF/PES间的相容性,进而影响合金膜的结构和性能.随合金体系相容性下降,膜的平均孔径显著增加,水通量增大而相应的截留率下降;研究表明,改变PSF/PES间的相容性是调节膜结构、提高膜性能的有效方法.     

聚砜酰胺超滤膜的制备和性能

本文研究了聚砜酰胺超滤膜制备的工艺条件和膜分离性能之间的关系。求得膜的分离性能随预压时间、蒸发时间、沉淀浴温度和溶剂种类而变化的规律。     

磺化聚砜醇水分离膜的研究

磺化聚砜是一种性能优异的离子交换膜材料,本文采用磺化反应合成了一系列不同离子交换容量(IEC)的磺化聚砜,研究了磺化聚砜膜的离子交换容量与醇水分离性能的关系,考察了用不同碱金属碱中和后膜分离性能的变化规律,结果表明:随着离子交换容量的增大,渗透通量增大,而分离因子在IEC=1.0meq/g左右出现最大值。不同碱金属离子膜的渗透通量按下列次序递减:L_i~+>Na~+>K~+,分离因子变化次序刚好相反。此外,料液温度,料液浓度对膜的醇水分离性能有较大的影响。     

螯合树脂／聚砜复合滤膜的制备研究

本文以聚砜（PS）／螯合树脂（D418）作为膜材料,用相转化法制备了共混螯合平板滤器。考察了聚合物共混比例、凝固浴的组成、膜在空气中的蒸发时间,以及制膜液温度等工艺参数的变化对膜结构性能的影响。     

低截留分子量PPES超滤膜的制备

以杂萘联苯聚醚砜(PPES)为膜材料、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)为溶剂、有机小分子丙醇(PrOH)和无机小分子氯化锂(LiCl)作为混合添加剂,采用相转化法制备超滤膜.研究了聚合物浓度、混合添加剂配比、凝胶浴温度等对膜结构和性能的影响.结果表明:随聚合物浓度的增大,膜的纯水通量下降,截留率升高;混合添加剂,在PrOH含量为12%、LiCl含量为1.5%时,可制得纯水通量为252 L/(m2·h),对聚乙二醇1000(PEGl000)截留率为96%的超滤膜;随凝胶浴温度的升高,膜的纯水通量增加.     

PSF-SPES共混中空纤维超滤膜制备的研究

以聚砜(PSF)、磺化聚醚砜(SPES)和醋酸纤维素(CA)为膜材料,水为内凝胶剂,采用干湿法制备了PSF-SPES共混中空纤维超滤膜,探讨了PSF-SPES铸膜液中SPES离子交换容量(IEC)、SPES浓度、添加剂、外凝胶剂的选择和热处理对膜性能的影响。所得共混超滤膜性能如下:w=0.0 0 1的Na2SO4截留率19.9%,通量62 L/(h.m2.MPa);w=0.001的PEG4000截留率78.2%,通量85 L/(h.m2.MPa)。此外,以PSF-SPES中空纤维为支撑膜,采用醋酸纤维素作为涂层液,研究了CA/PSF-SPES复合超滤膜性能,讨论了CA/PSF-SPES共混中空纤维超滤膜结构。     

内凝固浴组成对聚醚酰亚胺中空纤维膜结构和性能的影响

以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂,水为外凝固浴,乙醇为内凝固浴,DMAc为内凝固浴添加剂,采用相转化法制备了聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)中空纤维膜,研究了内凝固浴组成和纺丝液浓度对膜结构和性能的影响。实验结果表明,随着内凝固浴中DMAc含量在一定范围内增加,纤维断面指状孔有所减少,内表面由无孔到有微孔出现,但膜的水通量下降,截留率不受影响;随着纺丝液浓度提高,膜的水通量下降,截留率提高。     

自支撑海藻酸钙水凝胶抗污染过滤膜的制备及截留性能

以聚乙二醇(PEG)为致孔剂制备了自支撑海藻酸钙(CA)水凝胶过滤膜.通过数码照片及扫描电镜观察膜的表面形貌,探讨了膜的力学性能的压缩率、通量与压力的关系.研究了海藻酸钠浓度、致孔剂浓度对纯水通量和溶菌酶(Lyz)截留性能的影响.结果表明,海藻酸钠浓度越低,PEG浓度越高,膜的通量越大,压缩率也越大.膜通量随着跨膜压力的增加呈现先上升后稳定的趋势.Lyz和牛血清蛋白(BSA)溶液的稳定通量分别为纯水通量的89.97%和94.6%,表明海藻酸钙水凝胶过滤膜具有良好的抗蛋白质污染性能.膜对乳化油的过滤通量为纯水通量的93.04%,且截留率高达99.85%.对于不同分子量PEG的截留结果表明,当PEG分子量大于致孔剂的分子量时,截留率达到90%以上.以低分子量PEG400为致孔剂制备的水凝胶过滤膜对染料亮蓝的截留率达到99.75%,表明该水凝胶膜具有作为纳滤膜的前景.     

埃洛石-聚醚砜复合膜的形态结构及性能

通过非溶剂致相分离法成功制备了多孔性埃洛石一聚醚砜复合膜。通过扫描电镜观察了膜的微观结构，并对膜的水通量、截留率、亲水性和力学性能等进行了研究。结果表明：埃洛石的加入使得非对称性膜由海绵状结构转变为大指状孔结构。当凝固浴温度为40℃时，复合膜的水通量均比原膜的低。当埃洛石的质量分数为2％时，复合膜的水通量随着凝固浴温度的升高而升高。当埃洛石的质量分数从2％增加到8％时，复合膜的截留率和亲水性随之增加，力学性能随之降低。     

凝固条件对α-纤维素中空纤维膜结构和性能的影响

考察了芯液种类[水、N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物(NMMO)和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)],外凝固浴中DMSO浓度(0-60%)和外凝固浴温度(20-80℃)对纤维素中空纤维膜性能的影响,并采用扫描电镜对其结构进行了表征.结果表明,采用DMSO作为芯液,可以得到内皮层多孔的非对称结构膜;随着外凝固浴温度从20增大到80℃,外皮层的厚度逐渐减小,膜的纯水通量增大了2倍左右,而牛血清蛋白(BSA)截留率为60%左右,没有显著的变化.     

Electrokinetic investigations of charged porous membranes

Asymmetric ultrafiltration membranes were prepared from fully aromatic polyamides differing in the diamine monomers of the polymeric backbone and from polysulfone. Nanofiltration membranes were made from polysulfone and polyethersulfone. The polysulfone as well as the polyethersulfone were chemically modified to change the surface charges of the membranes that were made from these polymers. This means neutral, positively as well as negatively charged membranes could be employed for the measurements. The surface properties of the membranes as a function of pH were determined by measuring the streaming potential in a perpendicular and horizontal mode. Applying proteins the values of the streaming potential changed depending on the original charges of the membranes as well as on the pH of the solution. The values shifted to either higher or lower absolute values. Thus, characterization of unused and used membranes can be carried out by electrokinetic measurements. This was also demonstrated using a membrane fitted out with invertase. The zeta potential of nanofiltration membranes, however, was only evaluated from the results obtained with the horizontally run cell.     

Tuning the Electrochemical Properties of Novel Asymmetric Integral Sulfonated Polysulfone Cation Exchange Membranes

In this study, novel asymmetric integral cation exchange membranes were prepared by the wet phase inversion of sulfonated polysulfone (SPSf) solutions. SPSf with different degrees of sulfonation (DS) was synthesized by variation in the amount of chlorosulfonic acid utilized as a sulfonating agent. The characterization of SPSf samples was performed using FTIR and ¹H-NMR techniques. SPSf with a DS of 0.31 (0.67 meq/g corresponding ion exchange capacity) was chosen to prepare the membranes, as polymers with a higher DS resulted in poor mechanical properties and excessive swelling in water. By a systematic study, the opportunity to tune the properties of SPSf membranes by acting on the composition of the polymeric solution was demonstrated. The effect of two different phase inversion parameters, solvent type and co-solvent ratio, were investigated by morphological and electrochemical characterization. The best properties (permselectivity of 0.86 and electrical resistance of 6.3 Ω∙cm²) were obtained for the membrane prepared with 2-propanol (IPA):1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) in a 20:80 ratio. This membrane was further characterized in different solution concentrations to estimate its performance in a Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) operation. Although the estimated generated power was less than that of the commercial CMX (Neosepta) membrane, used as a benchmark, the tailor-made membrane can be considered as a cost-effective alternative, as one of the main limitations to the commercialization of RED is the high membrane price.     

燃料电池用磺化聚砜类质子交换膜研究

聚砜类聚合物是一类具有良好应用前景的质子交换膜材料。本文对近年来磺化聚砜的制备、磺化聚砜质子交换膜的性能和磺化聚砜交联膜的研究情况做了比较全面的归纳与分析,特别是从聚砜膜的水化性能和导电性能两个大的方面对该类膜的物理性能和电化学性能进行了阐述,并对存在的问题以及研究前景进行了探讨。     

磺化聚砜改性超滤膜的制备及性能

溶剂萃取过程的乳化现象是影响萃取率和产品质量主要问题,长期以来一直靠破乳剂解决,这会造成环境污染等问题[1,2]。膜分离技术能耗低、对具有生物活性的物质能保持其活性、分离产物易于回收,在抗生素提炼中的应用研究近年来十分活跃[3 5]。本文以磺化聚砜为膜材料、N,N 二甲基酰胺为溶剂,采用多元复合添加剂,用湿法相转移化法制备出孔径为400-500 、具有指孔状或海绵状结构的磺化聚砜改性超滤膜,作为抗生素提炼的分离膜。1　实验部分1 1　主要仪器及试剂扫描电镜(S 250,英国Cambridge公司);离子活度计(PXS 215,上海分析仪器厂)。聚…     

萘甲酸功能化聚砜的制备及其与Eu(Ⅲ)稀土离子配合物的荧光发射特性

以1,4-二氯甲氧基丁烷(BCMB)为氯甲基化试剂,使聚砜(PSF)氯甲基化(CM),形成氯甲基化聚砜(CMPSF),然后用6-羟基-2-萘甲酸(HNA)使CMPSF的氯甲基与HNA的酚羟基之间发生亲核取代反应,将萘甲酸(NA)配基键合在聚砜侧链,制得了功能化改性的聚砜NAPSF。采用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了表征。考察了主要因素对CMPSF与HNA之间亲核取代反应的影响规律,分析了反应机理,优化了反应条件。结果表明,CMPSF与HNA之间取代反应的速率与亲核试剂HNA的浓度无关,遵循SN1的反应机理;使用极性较强的溶剂二甲亚砜,有利于亲核取代反应的进行;在适宜条件下,CMPSF的氯甲基转化率可达96%,NA的键合量为1.68 mmol/g。将NAPSF与Eu(Ⅲ)离子配位,制得了聚合物-稀土配合物NAPSF-Eu(Ⅲ),它不仅发射出Eu3+离子的特征荧光,而且对Eu3+离子的荧光发射显示出很强的敏化作用。萘甲酸功能化的大分子配基NAPSF对Eu3+离子的敏化作用,远强于苯甲酸(BA)功能化的大分子配基BAPSF对Eu3+离子的敏化作用。     

Polysulfone nanofibers prepared by electrospinning and gas/jet-electrospinning

Polysulfone nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning. The electrospinning equipment was designed in a new way, wherein the spinneret was combined with a gas jet device. The intrinsic viscosity of the used polysulfone was 0.197 dL/g in dimethyl acetamide, which was also the solvent in electrospinning. The gas used in this gas jet/electrostatic spinning was nitrogen. The relationship between the process parameters and the average diameter of polysulfone nanofibers was investigated. The main process parameters studied in this work were the voltage, the flow rate of the spinning fluid, the distance between the spinneret and the nanofiber collector and the temperature in the spinning chamber. The other important factors determining the nanometer diameter were the spinning fluid properties including its viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity. The average diameter and the diameter distribution of electrospinning nanofibers were measured experimentally by using scanning electron microscopy. The diameter of polysulfone nanofibers prepared by the gas jet/electrostatic spinning was in the range 50–500 nm. It was found that the diameter of nanofibers mainly depended on high voltage, the gap between the spinneret and the collector and the concentration of polymer solutions. It is concluded that the gas-jet/electrospinning is a better method than the conventional electrospinning, in that it makes the nanofibers finer and more uniform and exhibits higher efficiency in the process of electrospinning. __________ Translated from Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2005, (5) (in Chinese)     

Synthesis and characterization of benzimidazolium‐functionalized polysulfones as anion‐exchange membranes

Anion‐exchange membranes containing pendant benzimidazolium groups were synthesized from polysulfone by chrolomethylation followed by nucleophilic substitution reaction with 1‐methylbenzimidazole. The structures of the polymers were characterized by ¹H‐NMR and FTIR analysis. The resulting membranes showed high thermal stability below 200 °C. The values of water uptake and swelling degree increased with the ion‐exchange capacity of the polymeric membrane. The ionic conductivity was measured by means of impedance spectroscopy in aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide (10^?4?10^?1 M). The results show not only a clear correlation between the membrane's electrochemical behavior with the electrolyte solution embedded in the membrane, but also with the degree of the polysulfone's chloromethylation.Thus, the ionic conductivity increased more than two orders of magnitude when the degree of chloromethylation increased from 40 to 140%. Benzimidazolium‐functionalized polysulfones exhibited better thermal, mechanical, and electrochemical properties than the widely used polymeric membranes containing quaternary ammonium groups. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53, 2363–2373     

聚苯胺/聚砜复合材料的制备及其超级电容性能

通过化学聚合法,制备出盐酸掺杂聚苯胺（PANI）,将其与聚砜（PSF）溶液混合,定量滴加到玻碳电极上制得PANI/PSF复合膜电极。 采用扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱以及X射线衍射对其结构和形貌进行表征。 根据循环伏安曲线、恒电流充放电曲线和电化学阻抗,研究了其作为电极的超级电容性能。 结果表明,多孔结构的PANI/PSF复合材料具有良好的电容性能,其比电容可达到497 F/g,并且该超级电容器具有较小的内阻和较好的循环稳定性。     

Polymeric nanospheres with tunable sizes,water dispersibility,and thermostability from heating‐enabled micellization of polysulfone‐block‐polyethylene glycol

Polymeric nanospheres with uniform sizes, functional surfaces, and high mechanical strength and thermostability are attracting wide interest in different applications. Here, a new kind of polysulfone micellar spheres with PEGylated surfaces is prepared via directly heating the solution of an amphiphilic block copolymer, polysulfone‐b‐polyethylene glycol (PSF‐b‐PEG). The sizes of the micelles are uniform and tunable between ∼42 and ∼443 nm. TEM characterizations show that the micelles are core‐shell structures with PEG as the corona and PSF as the core. PEG endows the micelles with dispersibility in water and good biocompatibility, while PSF provides the mechanical strength and thermostability. The effects of PEG contents, polymer solution concentrations, solvent types, and heating temperatures are systematically investigated. Furthermore, heat resistance tests show that the micelles are stable at 150–180 °C. These PSF‐b‐PEG micellar spheres are expected to be applied in demanding environmental conditions such as heating involved surface modification process. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018 , 56, 769–777     

Studies on cellulose acetate-carboxylated polysulfone blend ultrafiltration membranes--Part I

Hydrophilic polysulfone ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were prepared from blends of cellulose acetate with carboxylated polysulfone of 0.14 degree of carboxylation. The effects of blend polymer composition on compaction, pure water flux, water content and membrane hydraulic resistance (R_m), have been investigated to evaluate the performance of the membranes. The performance of the blend membranes of various blend polymer compositions were compared with that of membranes prepared from pure cellulose acetate and blends of cellulose acetate and pure polysulfone. The hydrophilic cellulose acetate-carboxylated polysulfone blend UF membranes showed better performance compared to membranes prepared from pure cellulose acetate and blends of cellulose acetate and pure polysulfone.