基于模糊层次分析法的结构破损评估专家系统

本文在建立了受损构件和受损结构体系残余承载力模糊评估理论的基础上，以这两个方法的主要原理为思想，设计了一智能评估专家系统。作者在文中着重给出了知识库，推理机和系统流程图的构造，并结合实例，说明了该专家系统的应用。     

拉索桥梁安全性与耐久性评估的专家系统设计

应用模糊神经网络开发了以斜拉桥为背景的拉索桥梁安全性与耐久性评估专家系统。该系统能够同时处理数值型和语言描述型变量。根据桥梁监测过程中所获得的数据，它能对桥梁总体及其各个部分的状况进行评估，及时获得桥梁运行状态信息，评估其退化及损伤程度，对大型桥梁的现代化管理具有重要的现实意义。阐述了评估系统的工作原理及其实现方法，在介绍系统结构及各模块功能的同时，以斜拉桥试验为例展示该系统用于桥梁安全性及耐久性评估的部分功能。     

混合专家系统及其在有限元模型化中的应用

本文结合传统专家系统和人工神经网络的优势建立了混合专家系统模型，并在此基础上建立了“飞机结构机身框有限元模型化专家系统”，能够自动地实现机身框一类结构的有限元模型化，本文采用人工神经网络解决结构类型的分类和识别、采用知识系统解决单元自动选取都取得了良好的效果。     

柴油机磨损状态监测及故障诊断专家系统知识库建立的研究

实践表明，为了确保机器的安全运行，避免突发性故障，对其实施磨损状态监测和故障诊断是十分必要的。尽管铁谱技术和光谱技术等在这方面的应用都比较成功，然而它们也各有其局限性。为了把机器的磨损状态监测和故障诊断技术推向更高的科学水平，在摩擦学系统的系统工程思想指导下，针对柴油机的“拉缸”和“拉瓦”故障，并且根据故障发生之前润滑油结构变化的各种信息，利用专家系统开发工具ＥＸＳＹＳ，建立了基于铁谱技术和光谱技术的柴油机磨损状态监测及故障诊断专家系统ＦＤＥＸＳＹＳ（Ｖ１．０）知识库；对该专家系统的测试和实际运行结果表明，所建立的知识库可以比较全面而可靠地描述柴油机的磨损状态及故障前兆，因而能够提醒用户适时采取有效措施以防止故障的发生。不仅如此，所述专家系统知识的获取方法、知识的分类表示及匹配方法等研究，对建立其它摩擦学系统的故障诊断专家系统都具有参考意义。     

一个基于专家知识的场地地震危险度评估系统—研究进展报告

本文提出了一个基于专家知识的场地地震危险度评估方法,它包括潜在震源两级划分的思想和用专家系统来实现B级潜在震源划分等技术途径,以反映地震发生随时间、空间变化的特点。它是地震危险性概率分析方法与专家系统相结合的方法,是对传统概率方法中地震发生时空均匀假设的一种突破。文中还指出了该方法的其它一些特点及其科学意义,并简要报告了该集成系统的研究进展和存在的问题以及今后的打算。     

专家系统的广义推理控制策略研究及其在惯导系统中的应用

在研究当前专家系统构建理论的基础上,提出了以“结构”为核心的广义推理控制策略,给出专家系统结构识别的基本原则以及基于广义推理控制策略构建专家系统的一般方法。最后以组合导航系统的故障诊断为应用背景,给出了基于广义推理控制策略诊断系统的整体结构和推理过程。     

协同式专家系统及其在三轴转台故障诊断中的应用

针对传统的专家系统在处理多领域知识方面的缺陷,作提出了一种协同式专家系统,给出了相应的模型和结构,并提出一种裁决算法,将多个涉及不同领域的子专家系统融合起来,共同实现专家系统的多领域问题求解。以此方法构建的TRDES目前已应用于高精密三轴转台的故障诊断中,效果良好。     

基于神经网络的多种油样分析技术融合诊断

针对4种最常用的油样分析技术(铁谱、光谱、颗粒计数及理化指标分析)的信息融合问题，依据基于规则的专家系统方法，建立了各油样分析技术的子专家诊断系统；依据专家经验建立各子专家系统的诊断结果与故障论域中各故障模式的关系，得到了用于神经网络学习的训练样本．在此基础上，通过对神经网络进行训练，并将待分析油样的各子专家系统诊断结论输入训练成功的网络，即得到融合诊断结果．实例分析表明所建立的分析方法便捷有效．     

国内外 INS 和 SG 故障诊断专家系统的发展概述

本文着重介绍了几种典型的专家系统，如国内ＰＬ—１型平台罗经自动测试系统（ＰＬＴＳ），国内外ＤＭＩＮＳ的复合诊断系统（ＢＤＳ）以及Ｆ—１５飞机惯导智能诊断专家（ＩＮＳＩＤＥ）等；并剖析其技术特点，说明采用专家系统诊断ＩＮＳ和ＳＧ故障的必要性。     

???????????????????????????????

在全机有限元模型的基础上对机翼2-3墙间上壁板 某处150\,mm裂纹型损伤进行修理前后的强度评估. 给出了受损壁板修理后铆钉排数与残余过 载的定量关系;比较了长桁受损后是否修理对飞机结构承载能力的影响. 结论为战伤飞机快 速评定提供了科学依据,也为飞机平时修理提供参考.     

基于案例推理方法在惯性导航故障诊断专家系统的应用

以测量船惯性导航系统为例,为解决其故障诊断专家系统知识瓶颈问题,特别是突发、原因不详的故障,利用专家知识和以往的工作经验积累,在故障诊断专家系统中融入了基于案例的推理方法。这种推理方法把知识获取简化为领域内经验知识的收集,并以此为基础构造案例库;把基于规则的推理转化为基于案例推理,即在案例库中检索相似的经验知识。采用基于案例推理的方法,可以简化知识获取的过程,求解效率高、质量高,具有持续的学习能力,能有效提高故障诊断系统的智能化程度。文中重点介绍了构建该故障诊断专家系统的案例知识表示方法、案例的索引和检索算法等关键技术。     

AIRSHIP ATTITUDE TRACKING SYSTEM

The attitude tracking control problem for an airship with parameter uncertainties and external disturbances was considered in this paper. The mathematical model of the airship attitude is a multi-input/multi-output uncertain nonlinear system. Based on the characteristics of this system, a design method of robust output tracking controllers was adopted based on the upper-bounds of the uncertainties. Using the input/output feedback linearization approach and Liapunov method, a control law was designed, which guarantees that the system output exponentially tracks the given desired output. The controller is easy to compute and complement. Simulation results show that, in the closed-loop system, precise attitude control is accomplished in spite of the uncertainties and external disturbances in the system.     

Finite element system of elastic structure

The article deals with the problems of controllability, observability and stabilizability of an elastic-structural system treated by the finite element method. The results obtained here agree with that obtained in distributed parameter-system model, nevertheless, they are more convenient than those in carrying out the computation with a computer, at the same time the method appears much easier that the conventional one. In section one, the system's controllability and observability are studied and some conditions which are easier to be justified by computer are given. In section two, the problem of stabilizing an elastic object by the use of linear feedback is fully discussed. As the attained results there show that, so far as an elastic-structural system is concerned, it is possible to assign arbitrary frequencies of vibration only by the use of displacement feedback, however, it is impossible to stabilize the system while the system is completely controllable. While the velocity feedback can stabilize the system, but its ability is limited. The case of rigid body motion involved in the system equation has also been discussed. In section three, the control of a straight beam is treated by the finite element method. The whole system of a beam can be decomposed into four irrelevant subsystems of tension-compression, torsion, bending in two directions, their controllability and observability are also analyzed respectively. The controllability and observability of segment-shaped beam are discussed in the end.     

A mixed system of equations of elasticity

A mixed system of six equations of elasticity is represented as a Hamiltonian (canonical) operator system in one of the spatial coordinates. It is shown that this system is the Euler equations for the Hellinger–Reissner principle with an appropriately modified integrand. One more functional with an operator integrand from which the canonical operator system can be derived is set up     

综合船桥系统综述

综合船桥系统是实施船舶导航和控制的集成系统,它通过相互连接以集中使用来自工作站的传感器信息、命令或控制以提高操作人员管理船舶的安全性和效率。在分析了国际海事组织对综合船桥系统的定义及功能要求的基础上,阐述了国外综合船桥系统的发展及其应用状况,研究了世界船舶工业的形势、我国船舶配套设备的现状和国外主要综合船桥系统厂家的产品性能及市场份额,提出了发展国产综合船桥系统应采用的途径,对综合船桥系统的在国际船舶市场方面的前景进行了展望。     

基于惯导及声学浮标辅助的水下航行器导航定位系统

针对纯惯导系统误差发散和无线电信号在水下衰减快从而无法精确定位的问题,设计了一种基于声学浮标辅助惯导的水下定位系统,该系统由惯导系统和声学定位系统组成,其中声学定位系统由若干个浮标构成水听器阵,浮标的经纬度坐标由GPS提供,浮标完成对接收到的声源信号的处理,利用互相关测时延差的方法来进行定位。由于水下噪声、混响等因素会造成接收到的多路声信号出现模糊互相关峰,因此对接收信号应进行频域加权处理。最后利用声学系统的定位信息来校正惯导的误差。仿真结果表明:与基本互相关方法相比,加权处理能有效提高时延差的精度,所提出的惯导和声学浮标辅助设备导航系统能够使定位误差小于2 m,保证了水下航行器能够长时间在水下航行。     

基于脉冲星导航系统的X射线探测器

X射线脉冲星导航中脉冲到达时间（TOA）是脉冲星导航系统中基本的测量量,其测量精度直接影响导航定位的精度。国内外对用于X射线脉冲星导航的探测器研究还处于探索阶段。通过比较不同类型探测器的特性,根据导航定位精度对探测器各项性能指标的要求,提出一种X射线探测器系统设计方案,为用于脉冲星导航的X射线探测器的研制提供一种参考。本方案用CCD作为探测器主体,整个探测器由光学结构、CCD及电子学系统组成。     

MEMS-IMU/GPS组合导航系统的实现

针对我国军事和民用对低成本、微小型、高性能导航系统的迫切需求,提出基于MEMS技术的IMU/GPS组合导航系统方案,深入研究了构建该组合导航系统的关键技术。由于MEMS陀螺的零偏受到温度影响,提出采用递推最小二乘自适应标定算法（ARLS）进行误差标定和补偿,从而提高MEMS陀螺的使用精度;建立了MEMS-IMU/GPS组合的卡尔曼滤波器,利用加速度计倾角传感器原理估计载体的水平姿态,增强了姿态信息的冗余度和可靠性;设计了该组合导航系统的信息融合策略。最后,构建了基于DSP的MEMS-IMU/GPS组合导航系统。机载飞行试验结果表明,该系统算法正确、性能可靠,达到了较高的导航精度,具有广阔的应用前景。     

Residence time distribution in twisted pipe flows: helically coiled system and chaotic system

 This study compares residence time distributions in a helically coiled tube and a spatially chaotic system. The chaotic system consists of an array of bends, the plane of curvature of each one makes a 90° angle with that of its neighbors. Chaotic trajectories are obtained by the switch in the symmetry plane of the Dean vortices which appear in the bends. Mixing in the two configurations is compared by modeling the residence time distributions, experimentally determined by means of a two-measurement-point technique, using the axial dispersion plug-flow model. For Reynolds numbers greater than 2500, axial dispersion in the chaotic system is more than 20% less than in a helically coiled tube having the same number of bends. The decrease in axial dispersion is due to the generation of chaotic trajectories, which also contribute to an increase in transverse dispersion. Thus, the chaotic curved pipes system appears very promising in producing good mixing, especially in a laminar flow regime. Received: 4 June 1996 / Accepted: 23 October 1996     

An improved precise integration method for nonlinear dynamic system

In the present paper, based on the precise integration method established in linear dynamic system, an improved precise integration method is presented for nonlinear dynamic system. Firstly, the nonlinear dynamic system is converted into an augmented Lie type dynamic system. Then the precise integration method is improved for solving the above augmented equation and preserving its group structure in the meantime. Finally, two numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method.