四羧基金属酞菁负载纤维素纤维的制备及其消臭性能研究

合成了四羧基铁酞菁(Fe-CPc)和四羧基钴酞菁(Co-CPc),并对其进行了元素分析和红外光谱表征.在酸性条件下,将四羧基金属酞菁负载到改性纤维素纤维上,制备得到消臭纤维.实验结果表明,在室温条件下,四羧基铁酞菁消臭纤维(FePcF)、四羧基钴酞菁消臭纤维(CoPcF)和混合金属酞菁消臭纤维(CoFePcF)3种功能性纤维都能有效去除甲硫醇、硫化氢、氨气和三甲胺,甲硫醇和硫化氢按催化氧化机理除去,而氨气和三甲胺按酸碱中和机理除去;3种消臭纤维对甲硫醇和硫化氢的消臭效果为CoFePcF>CoPcF>FePcF.     

铜(Ⅱ)络合纤维的配位结构与抗菌性

用蚕丝、粘胶纤维素、聚乙烯醇纤维在铜氨溶液中的多相配位取代反应制备了铜（Ⅱ）络合纤维．用电子自旋共振（ＥＳＲ）波谱等研究了铜（Ⅱ）络合纤维的配位结构．对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌实验表明：铜（Ⅱ）络合纤维的配位结构越不稳定抗菌性越强，但耐洗性将会下降．在此基础上设计了配位结构稳定性适中的柠檬酸修饰纤维素铜（Ⅱ）络合纤维     

含多官能团聚丙烯腈抗菌消臭纤维的制备、结构与性能

合成了一种多官能团聚丙烯腈纤维,并测定了它的抗菌消臭性能。结果表明：此纤维含有多种含氮、含氧、杂环等官能团,其对不同菌类具备优异的杀菌活性,并且具有抗菌广播,作用时间持久和效率高等特点。     

再生纤维素／聚乙烯醇共混膜的研究

由纤维素铜氨溶液与不同体积比（１－１０％）的聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）水溶液共混制备了一系列再生纤维素共混膜．扫描电镜结果表明ＰＶＡ含量大于８％时，该共混膜产生明显相分离．当ＰＶＡ低于５％时，共混膜相容性较好．膜的结晶度，抗张强度，直角撕裂强度，断裂伸长及耐热性均优于单独用钢氨液制备的再生纤维素膜．此外，用流动速率法和超滤法测定了膜的孔径，渗透性及纯水通量，结果表明共混膜的孔性没有明显变化．本文得出：再生纤维素与５％ＰＶＡ共混能改善力学性能，并且能保持其生物降解性．     

铜和不锈钢材料抗菌生物效应的研究

采用电分析化学方法、光度分析方法研究了铜和不锈钢材料抗菌的生物效应。以大肠杆菌和发光细菌为例，不锈钢材料对它们几乎没有抗菌生物效应，但是铜材料对它们只需作用0．5h，细菌死亡数量则可达到90％以上。该结果在医药卫生消毒、罐装食品的封装及饮用水的管道输送等方面有着重要的意义。     

从α蒎烯一锅合成萜类四氢呋喃衍生物

从α－蒎烯出发，通过臭氧化，硼氢化钠还原剂随后用硫酸处理的一锅法，合成了一个新的萜类四氢呋喃衍生物－２，２－二甲基－３－（反－２－丁烯基）－四氢呋喃３，总收率５５．６％，将α－蒎烯（７８，５１ｍｍｏｌ）的１５０ｍＬ异丙醇溶液冷至－２℃，鼓泡通入含５～６％臭氧的氧气至过量的臭氧从溶液中逸出时止，再通Ｎ２１０ｍｉｎ。于０℃将上述溶液滴加至１００ｍＬ含硼氢化钠（２．５４ｇ，６５ｍｍｏｌ）和氢氧化钠（０．     

秩消因子分析－荧光激发发射光谱法测定稀土混合物中的铈

本文用秩消因子分析法（ＲＡＦＡ）对稀土铈、试混合体系的荧光激发发射光谱矩阵（ＥＥＭ）进行分析，利用稀土元素的荧光光谱特性，在不考虑其它共存元素的情况下，对已知存在的组分铈（含量为０．１１２～０．５５９μｇ／ｍＬ）进行测定，其回收率为９３．３％～１０２％     

甲基橙—溴化十六烷基三甲胺三元络合物分光光度法测定微量铜（Ⅱ）

本介绍了甲基橙与铜在ＰＨ３．８时与溴化十六烷基三甲胺形成三元胶束络合物增溶于聚乙烯醇体系中，其表观摩尔吸系数ε５８０为２．９５×１０＾６Ｌ．ｍｏｎ＾－１．ｃｍ＾－１，铜（Ⅱ）浓度在０．１－０．６μｇ／２５ｍＬ范围内与吸光度成线性关系。用此法分析人中铜含量，结果满意。     

高分子的重要发明

1845年瑞士舍恩拜恩(C.F.Schonbein)用硝酸和硫酸的混合溶液使纤维素硝化,制成硝酸纤维素(也称硝化纤维,学名为纤维素硝酸酯)。 1857年德国施魏策尔(E.Schweizer)将氢氧化铜溶解在浓氨水中,制成可溶解纤维素的铜铵溶液,后经英国克鲁克斯(Sir W•Crookes)等人制成铜铵纤维。     

玄武岩纤维系统处理典型水质的水处理技术研究

选取玄武岩纤维作为生物接触氧化系统的载体,以COD、NH4+-N、TP和DO为考核指标,对比系统在不同水力停留时间下对黑臭水体的净化效能,并分析其差异性.结果 表明,系统在HRT=24h时经济性好且净化效果佳,对COD、NH4+-N和TP的平均去除率分别达到81.7％、52.1％和68.2％,将DO从4 mg/L提升至...     

Analysis and assessment of the occurrence, the fate and the behavior of nanomaterials in the environment

Nanomaterials have one dimension <100 nm and possess physico-chemical properties dictated by their unusually small size, large surface area, shape and chemical composition. New properties of nanomaterials have boosted their production and industrial applications in many fields (e.g., microelectronics, catalysis, fuel cells, materials science, textiles, biotechnology and medicine). In biomedical fields, nanomaterials are of the appropriate dimensions to interact with biological matter. However, they may also have negative effects on biological systems. Nanotechnology is a major, innovative, scientific and economic growth area, but the increasing production and use of nanomaterials have led to calls for more information regarding the potential impacts that their release may have on human health and the environment.This review addresses analytical approaches for characterization and quantification of nanomaterials in the environment and recent studies on their occurrence, fate and behavior.     

Decorating step-by-step and independently the surface and the core of dendrons

Dendrons possessing one activated vinyl group at the core and several chlorine atoms at the end of the branches are used as starting materials to study the possibility to react independently the surface functions and the core function. In particular, the most powerful sequence of reactions for decorating them by organometallic complexes as end groups and amine or alcohol at the core has been determined. In the first step, phenol phosphines are grafted as end groups of the dendrons, and they can be used for the complexation of metals. However, these phosphines must be kept free when amines are used to react with the vinyl core in the next step. Depending on the type of phosphine end groups and on the type of function of the core (amine or alcohol), the complexation of ruthenium ([RuCl₂(p-cymene)]₂) and rhodium ([RhCl(COD)]₂) derivatives by the phosphine end groups can occur without side reaction at the core.     

Isolation and identification of the anti-isohumulones and the anti-acetylhumulinic acids

The anti-isohumulones [5-(3-methylbutanoyl)-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-4-hydroxy-4-(4-methylpent-3-enoyl)-cyclopentane-1,3-diones] and the anti-acetylhumulinic acids [5-(3-methylbutanoyl)-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-4-ethanoyl-4-hydroxy-cyclopentane 1,3-diones] have been isolated from an isomerisation reaction mixture of humulone [2-(3-methylbutanoyl)-4,6-di(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-6-hydroxy-cyclohexane-l,3,5-trione] by counter-current distribution and identified by spectroscopic techniques. The formation mechanism is presented and the stereochemical consequences are discussed. The anti-isohumulones are the most bitter hop compounds presently known.     

"地小氢"和"月小氢"

Hydrogen is the most abundant chemical element in the Universe and is tightly related to human life. This article personifies hydrogen, bringing a close interaction between the hydrogen on the moon and the hydrogen on the Earth. Through lively and interesting dialogues, the history of hydrogen discovery and the properties are introduced, and the application of hydrogen in different aspects of the future is prospected.     

McBain and the centenary of the micelle

In 1913, J.W. McBain introduced the word “micelle” into surface and colloid chemistry in the context of the association of surfactant molecules in aqueous solution. This article gives a biographic account of McBain, and reviews the early work on micellar aggregation, leading up to the pioneering ideas of G.S. Hartley who introduced the first model of the spherical micelle that we would recognise today.     

On the transport and trajectories of the chernobyl debris across Canada and the arctic

A scenario is presented for the transport of the Chernobyl radioactive debris across Canada and the Arctic. It is based on the analysis of the¹⁰³Ru/¹³⁷Cs ratios in terms of the Chernobyl release pattern. The ratios which ranged from 0.2 to more than 4.0 were associated with four different phases of the Chernobyl emissions which lasted 10 days, from April 26 to May 6, 1986. Debris from the initial phase /ratios of 0.2 to 0.5/ and the last phase /ratios above 2.5/ would have entered Canada on a very broad front extending from northern Quebec to the North West Territories by way of Greenland and the Arctic; debris from the second phase /ratios of 0.5 to 2.0/ and the third phase /ratios of 2.0 to 2.5/ would have entered Canada from the west after travelling by way of northern Siberia and the Bering Sea.Paper presented at the IVth International Symposium of Radioecology of Cadarache, France, March 1988.     

The energy pump and the origin of the non-equilibrium flux of the dynamical systems and the networks

The global stability of dynamical systems and networks is still challenging to study. We developed a landscape and flux framework to explore the global stability. The potential landscape is directly linked to the steady state probability distribution of the non-equilibrium dynamical systems which can be used to study the global stability. The steady state probability flux together with the landscape gradient determines the dynamics of the system. The non-zero probability flux implies the breaking down of the detailed balance which is a quantitative signature of the systems being in non-equilibrium states. We investigated the dynamics of several systems from monostability to limit cycle and explored the microscopic origin of the probability flux. We discovered that the origin of the probability flux is due to the non-equilibrium conditions on the concentrations resulting energy input acting like non-equilibrium pump or battery to the system. Another interesting behavior we uncovered is that the probabilistic flux is closely related to the steady state deterministic chemical flux. For the monostable model of the kinetic cycle, the analytical expression of the probabilistic flux is directly related to the deterministic flux, and the later is directly generated by the chemical potential difference from the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis. For the limit cycle of the reversible Schnakenberg model, we also show that the probabilistic flux is correlated to the chemical driving force, as well as the deterministic effective flux. Furthermore, we study the phase coherence of the stochastic oscillation against the energy pump, and argue that larger non-equilibrium pump results faster flux and higher coherence. This leads to higher robustness of the biological oscillations. We also uncovered how fluctuations influence the coherence of the oscillations in two steps: (1) The mild fluctuations influence the coherence of the system mainly through the probability flux while maintaining the regular landscape topography. (2) The larger fluctuations lead to flat landscape and the complete loss of the stability of the whole system.     

麻黄-甘草药对配伍前后主要药效成分及抗炎活性的变化

利用高效液相色谱串联质谱联用法(HPLC-MS/MS)和气相色谱质谱联用法(GC-MS)分析了麻黄与甘草药对配伍前后水煎液中主要药效成分的变化,并通过小鼠的耳廓肿胀试验考察了甘草、麻黄单煎液及药对共煎液的抗炎活性变化.分别通过HPLC法和GC-MS法对甘草与麻黄中主要化学成分,甘草酸、甘草苷、麻黄碱和甲基麻黄碱进行了定量分析,通过单煎液和药对共煎液的对比,发现麻黄与甘草配伍共煎液中麻黄碱(含伪麻黄碱)的含量增加了14.52%;甲基麻黄碱(含甲基伪麻黄碱)的含量增加了64.0%;甘草酸含量增加了13.50%;而甘草苷含量降低了19.38%.药效实验证明,甘草与麻黄配伍后抗炎作用较甘草麻黄单煎液明显增强.从而在主要成分的变化程度上揭示了甘草与麻黄配伍过程中的增效机理.     

激基缔合物和激基复合物的形成及溶剂效应的研究

测试了ω-对联苯基多亚甲基羧酸4-[5′-对联苯基-1,3,4-(口恶)二唑基-2′-]苄酯及其模型化合物2-对甲苯基-5-联苯基-1,3,4-,(口恶)二唑在不同极性溶剂中的荧光发射光谱。它们既能形成分子间的激基缔合物又能形成分子内的激基复合物和三分子激基复合物。实验结果表明,溶剂极性的增加,有利于分子内激基复合物和三分子激基复合物的形成。