关于非均质焊接接头中的J积分断裂判据

采用平面应力弹塑性大变形有限元方法、云纹干涉法以及云纹干涉－有限元混合法,从Ｊ积分守恒性下Ｊ主导有效性两方面仔细考试了非均质焊接头中的Ｊ积分断裂判据。结果表明,至少对于该文所研究的情形而言,Ｊ积分守恒性及Ｊ主导有效性均是有条件存在的。因此,在非均质焊接接头中直接应用Ｊ积分作为断裂判据是不合适的。     

LY12复合型断裂的实验研究

应用有限元方法和断裂实验对铝合金ＬＹ１２在Ｉ＋Ⅱ型复合载荷作用下的弹塑性断裂行为进行了研究，给出了复合型弹塑性断裂的Ｊ积分准则，结果表明：（１）不同复合型下启裂Ｊ积分值满足ＪＩｉ／ＪＩｃ＋ＪⅡｉ／ＪⅡｃ＝１，ＪＭＣ＝ＪＩｉ＋ＪⅡｉ的关系，随Ⅱ型分量增加，启裂的Ｊ积分值ＪＭＣ增加ＪＩＣ为ＪＩＣ的两部；（２）ＪＭＣ值与复合比满足ＪＭＣ＝Ｋ＾２Ｉ．ＪＩＣ／（Ｋ＾２１＋αＫ＾２ＩＩ）＋αＫ＾２Ｉ．ＪＩＣ／     

微裂纹屏蔽问题中守恒积分投影关系

对连续体损伤力学在微裂纹屏蔽问题中应用的Ｊ积分守情理假设提出质疑，用理论分析和电算实践证明了远场Ｊ积分在微裂纹损伤区中的再分配关系。即ＪＫ矢量的投影守恒关系。在这一关系中，被Ｈｅｒｒｍａｎｎ所轻视的Ｊ２分量起着十分重要的作用，本文的研究表明，Ｏｒｔｉｚ理论应考虑到远场Ｊ积分在损伤区中的损失，并通过计及这一损失做出必要的修正。     

Ⅰ＋Ⅱ复合型弹塑性断裂的COD分析

以Ｒｉｃｅ的裂纹尖端钝化模型为基础定义了复合载荷下裂纹尖端的位移ＣＯＤ，ＣＴＯＤ和ＣＴＳＤ，ＣＴＯＤ和ＣＴＳＤ是复合型裂尖位移ＣＯＤ的Ⅰ和Ⅱ型分量。对铝合金Ｌｙ１２复合Ⅰ＋Ⅱ型弹塑性断裂行为进行了ＣＯＤ分析，并对复合载荷下ＣＯＤ与Ｊ积分关系进行了讨论。结果表明：（１）随Ⅱ型分量的增加，Ｌｙ１２启裂的ＣＯＤ值增加，纯Ⅱ型的启裂ＣＯＤ值理纯Ⅰ型的６倍：（２）Ｌｙ１２复合载荷下的ＣＯＤ与复合Ｊ积分值ＪＭ     

剪胶接结构的混合模式断裂分析

给出了Ｇｏｌａｎｄ－Ｒｅｉｓｓｅｎｅｒ型剪接结构的Ｊ积分表达在被粘物体小转角和胶层很薄的假设下与路径无关。Ｊ积分代表胶层厚度与胶层内最大能量密度的乘积。对单剪接接头，本文计算了裂纹在胶层内和界面上两种情况下的局部Ｉ型和Ⅱ型应力强度因子之比，即局部载荷相角，从而给出了单剪接接头的断裂判据。     

界面微裂纹屏蔽J_k矢量投影守恒

用理论推导和电算实践证明，尽管两相材料界面裂纹Ｊ积分的显函数表达式与均质材料中不同，尽管界面裂纹尖端固有的 １／２＋ｉε振荡奇异性和张开滑移型固有的耦合造成近尖区应力场分布的复杂性，但作者在均质材料微裂纹屏蔽问题中发现的Ｊ积分再分配关系 Ｊｋ矢量投影守恒定理在两相材料界面微裂纹屏蔽问题中仍然成立．这再次说明，远场Ｊ积分向界面裂纹尖端传递过程中跨越微裂纹群是有损失的．这个损失可用Ｊｋ矢量在界面裂纹延线坐标轴上的投影来定量地评估     

三维弹塑性受剪板表面裂纹的可靠性分析计算

本文建立了受剪应力表面裂纹塑性失稳扩展的可靠性分析模型。采用三维弹塑性模型对其综合变量Ｊ积分进行了计算，分析了在不同的无量纲裂纹尺寸和外载应力情况下，裂纹失稳扩展的失效概率分布规律，为工程检测和维修提供指导。     

基于Newmark格式的多柔体系统子循环算法研究

提出一种基于Newmark积分格式的FMD(Flexible Multi-body Dynamics)子循环算法,可用于求解缩并型的FMD方程.推导了FMD方程中快变分量和慢变分量的同步更新及子步更新公式;在积分过程中,采用能量平衡计算校验算法的稳定性;结果表明该算法可以在保持合适的精度要求下,有效地提高计算效率.     

完备型二次边界轮廓法的研究及J积分和应力强度因子的计算

选择二次完全多项多作为位移形函数,对边界轮廓法作了进一步的发展,证明二维弹性断裂问题的Ｊ积分方程的被积分函数的散度等于零,将Ｊ积分化为边界点的势函数数值的计算,无需计算数值积分,算例表明,该方法较传统边界元法求得的结果精度更好。     

三维Laplace方程边界元中线性单元的精确积分法

边界元中的边界积分计算影响计算精度和计算速度。非奇异积分一般采用数值积分，当配置点接近积分单元时，计算精度降低。未知函数线性插值得到的解是连续解，但计算难度增大。本文采用积分区域变换，将三维Laplace问题的二维积分化为一维积分，这样奇异积分和非奇异积分能采用精确积分的方法计算，使求解精度，计算速度都得到提高。     

瓷修复体界面断裂行为的模拟实验研究

本文利用云纹干涉法和云纹干涉－－有限元混合法，对瓷修复体的模拟双材料模型界面断裂问题进行了实验研究。用云纹干涉和数字错位云纹干涉法测量带边裂纹的双材料四点简支梁在剪切作用下界面表面的剪应变分布及界面两侧局部表面的位移场，实验表明，由于界面两两侧材料力学性质不同，表现出界面剪切断裂问题的非称性和裂尖附近复合型断裂的特点；用云纹干涉法和有限元法相结合的混合法对粘接界面角点应力奇异性进行研究，并对角点附近应力应变场作了分析，得到了应力奇异指数与边界楔角，载荷的关系，证明了用界面应力强度因子Kf来描述界面端部区域应力分布的公式，并得到了双材料界面端部区域的应力应变分布情况。本文的实验结果为进一步研究口腔金瓷修复体界面的优化设计提供了基础，同时也说明云纹干涉法对于双材料界面断裂行为的研究是有效的。     

恶劣环境中应变测量的国内外发展综述

机器部件、构件和微电子元件,很多是在恶劣环境(包括高温、高压、低温、磁场、辐射、等离子体、腐蚀环境、高速旋转、液下等)中工作的。它们的力学破坏,对人们的安全和生产有非常不利的影响。为防止这些破坏,需要通过分析、实验和计算来改进设计、制造和检测,以提供减少破坏所必要的数据。实验力学,特别是在恶劣环境中进行力学测量,在此起了关键的作用。它提供了基本数据和检测手段,用于计算和建立破坏理论模型。本文介绍在恶劣环境中,主要在高温中,进行应变测量的国内外一些发展情况。     

Crack propagation at material interfaces: II experiments on mode interaction

Optical interferometry is used to measure crackopening profiles for interfacial cracks in a model adhesive joint. Application of boundary displacements with a resolution of 0.16 μm is achieved through a combination of thermal expansions and optical control in a servo loop. The degree of nonlinear deformation accompanying small levels of normal and shear strain across the bond is documented, and crackfront displacement fields are exploited to evaluate possible criteria for crack growth under combined normal and shear loading. Within the accuracy afforded by the crack-propagation investigation it appears that crack growth is governed by the vectorial crack-tip displacements, namely by the vector sum of the local normal and tangential displacement components. In the limit of infinitesimal strains this criterion reduces to the strain energy-release-rate criterion of linear fracture mechanics.     

Whole-field residual stress measurement in rail using moiré interferometry and twyman/green interferometry via thermal annealing

A novel whole-field residual stress measurement technique is developed using moiré interferometry and Twyman/Green interferometry coupled with thermal annealing. The technique is successfully applied to residual stress measurement in rail. In the measurement, a high temperature resistant 1200-lines/mm cross grating is made on a rail transverse slice surface. The whole-field residual stress relief is achieved by thermal annealing. Moiré interferometry and Twyman/Green interferometry are employed to obtain the in-plane and out-of-plane deformations generated by the residual stress relaxation. The whole-field strain redistribution due to the residual stress relief is calculated, and the whole-field residual stress distribution, including the possible stress concentration, is then obtained. Because of the three-dimensional nature of the residual stress relaxation and the measurement, the three-dimensional residual stress reconstruction sometimes becomes possible based on some plausible assumptions. In this paper, the principle of the experimental theory, technique and procedures are described. Three-dimensional residual stress reconstruction in a rail using a transverse slice is shown. Its comparison to the hole-drilling method with moiré interferometry is also presented.     

A method of three-dimensional strain measurement on non-ideal objects using holographic interferometry

Holographic interferometry has been applied to determine the components of tensile, compressive and shear strain in the surface layer of a non-ideal object subjected to high values of stress. The method consists of determining the three components of the vector displacement at a sufficient number of discrete points on the surface of the object. Functions in the form of truncated power series are fitted to the fringe order-distance data using the method of least squares. Interpolation of these functions is then carried out to obtain the fringe-order numbers at closely spaced equal intervals. The displacement in each interval is calculated and the displacement-distance relationship is then numerically differentiated to obtain strain. Components of stress at a particular point are then estimated by multiplying the strain value by the appropriate modulus. These stresses result from the application of considerable forces that are likely to cause large rigid-body displacements unless the object can be satisfactorily restrained. The difficulty of providing the required restraining forces has been avoided by mounting the object on a kinematic mount from which it can be removed before stressing and replaced afterwards. The accuracy of relocation of the object is sufficient to ensure the satisfactory formation of holographic interference fringes. As the use of the two-exposure holographic method results in a direction ambiguity of the displacement vector at any point of the surface, this method is complemented by electrical strain measurement. The strain is sampled in two convenient orthogonal directions at some part of the surface. The application of the uniqueness theorem of elasticity then permits the direction of displacement to be uniquely specified at any point of the surface. The electrical strain measurement also provides a check of the strain values determined by interferometry at various positions on the surface. This check is necessary since precise knowledge of the surface geometry of a non-ideal object may be lacking. Incorrect assumptions made about the geometry are shown to result in serious errors in the evaluation of strain. The method described has been used to estimate the stresses in the vicinity of a threaded hole in a sample of pipe for representative values of torque applied in screwing a connecting member into the pipe. Possible reasons for failure of the pipe in service are then deduced.     

红宝石脉冲激光动态光力学方法研究与进展

本文提出了瞬态图像采集技术和电磁脉冲加载装置。应用红宝石脉冲激光光源,介绍了动态全息光弹性、动态散斑干涉、动态云纹干涉、水下爆炸全息干涉、动态电子散斑干涉和动态数字散斑相关等多种方法的测试原理和测试技术。为动态位移场、应变场和应力场的定量分析提供了广泛的应用前景。     

红宝石脉冲激光动态光力学方法研究与进展

本文提出了瞬态图像采集技术和电磁脉冲加载装置。应用红宝石脉冲激光光源,介绍了动态全息光弹性、动态散斑干涉、动态云纹干涉、水下爆炸全息干涉、动态电子散斑干涉和动态数字散斑相关等多种方法的测试原理和测试技术。为动态位移场、应变场和应力场的定量分析提供了广泛的应用前景。     

Accuracy of heterodyne holographic strain and stress determination

The basic equations for the evaluation of surface displacement, strain and stress from holographic interferograms are derived. The object shape and the geometry of the optical setup are taken in to account. A corresponding computer program is described. Heterodyne holographic interferometry is used for fringe interpolation (better than 1/1000 of a fringe) to get sufficient accuracy and spatial resolution. Errors and accuracy of holographic strain and stress determination are discussed with the aid of the computer program. A cylindrical tube under pressure load is presented as a numerical example.     

基于激光干涉测试技术的分离式Hopkinson压杆实验测试系统

分离式Hopkinson压杆（SHPB）实验的传统测试技术是基于应变片的电测技术,测试结果的可靠性强烈依赖于应变片与杆之间粘贴质量,受到人为因素的影响较大。本文中采用基于多普勒频移原理的双探头全光纤激光干涉测速技术,以粒子速度为监测目标,借助应力波传播理论,换算成试件的应变和应力,从而建立了SHPB实验的非接触光学测试系统。针对韧性和脆性两类材料,分别提出了激光正入射和激光斜入射两种测试技术。再以铝合金和PZT陶瓷为例,通过与传统的应变片测试结果以及DIC测量结果的对比分析,验证了两种测试技术的有效性。与传统的应变片测试技术相比,新的激光干涉测试技术具有免标定、抗干扰、可靠性高等许多优点,有助于实现SHPB实验测试系统标准化。     

应用干涉云纹测量工艺应力分布

本文就冷胀孔周残余应力分布的测量技术和干涉螺接孔周干涉应力分布的测量技术进行了实验研究。沿着径向将试件切割,以释放欲测的应力,同时用干涉云纹技术测量由于释放应力而引起的附加应变场。文中还就残余应力在循环载荷作用下的松弛问题进行了实验研究。提供了典型的实验结果,讨论了引起实验误差的主要原因。