基于梯度的数字体图像相关方法测量物体内部变形

数字体图像相关方法通过分析两幅以体素为单位的三维体图像获得物体内部的三维变形信息.在利用数字体图像相关方法测量物体内部变形的过程中,整体素的位移场可以通过简单的空域搜索获得,因此如何计算亚体素位移是提高该方法位移测量精度的关键.介绍了一种基于空间灰度梯度的亚体素位移测量算法,并用计算机模拟生成的可精确控制位移的三维散斑...     

数字图像相关中基于可靠变形初值估计的大变形测量

为使数字图像相关方法适用于大变形测量,提出一种变形初值估计方法.通过在变形前图像中第一个计算点附近选择三个或更多特征点并在变形后图像中选择其对应点,利用坐标对应关系获得该点可靠的变形估计值作为Newton-Rapshon方法的迭代初值.该方法可对被测物体存在任意刚体转动或大变形情况下的表面变形进行准确测量,克服了通常的基于整像素位移相关搜索再进行亚像素位移测量的数字图像相关方法在被测物面存在稍大转角或大变形情况下即不能使用的缺点.对存在相对刚体转动图像的位移场和聚丙烯泡沫塑料压缩实验的大变形进行了测量,结果充分显示本文方法的有效性.     

加权窗口在数字图像相关技术中的应用研究

应用数字图像相关法计算变形前后图像中各点的位移量时,先通过整像素搜索法来确定各点的整像素位移,进而根据整像素搜索得到的相关系数值来计算各点的亚像素位移.提出了一种新的整像素搜索法,即采用计算窗口加权的方法对变形前后图像中的点进行搜索计算.计算结果表明,该方法是可行的,同时可以提高计算结果准确度.     

基于GMA光流网络的二维变形测量数字图像相关法初值估计

提出一种利用深度学习提取散斑变形图像位移场的算法。对比几种主流光流网络模型在散斑图像上的计算精度,将全局运动聚合（GMA）光流网络引入数字图像相关法,使用光流网络模型预测的位移场作为亚像素迭代算法的初值,最后结合逆合成高斯-牛顿法计算散斑图像的亚像素位移场。结果表明,与几种主流的数字图像相关算法相比,GMA光流网络初值的计算精度和计算效率更高,适用于大变形测量,是一种兼顾计算速度和精度的变形测量算法。对木块材料进行压缩实验,结果充分显示了所提方法在散斑变形测量中的有效性。     

基于数字图像相关的三维刚体位移测量方法

基于三维位移测量在工程技术领域的必要性和重要性,开展了单摄像机和数字图像相关相结合的三维刚体位移测试方法的研究.基于图像位移场矢量中心和斜率与面内和离面位移的分别对应关系,采用最小二乘拟合法分离图像位移场的常量项与一次项,据此,可实现物体三维位移分量的有效分离.以针孔摄像机成像模型为基础,开展了数值模拟及硅片平移实验,发展了与三维刚体位移对应的散斑图模拟方法,验证了基于仿射变换的相关迭代法的精度和适用性.数值模拟与实验结果验证了数字图像相关方法用于实现物体三维刚体化移重构的可行性和优越性,最大测量误差为5%.     

立体摄影术与数字散斑相关方法相结合用于研究三维变形场

采用立体摄影术与数字图像相关技术相结合的方法测量了三维位移场。首先利用两个CCD摄像机在空间两个不同位置拍摄物体表面在变形前后同一个区域之间的散斑图像;然后利用数字散斑相关技术求解这四幅散斑图像之间的相对位移;最后利用立体摄影的几何转换公式来确定物体表面的三维变形场。给出了该立体摄影测试系统的标定结果以及编织复合材料试件的三维变形测量结果。     

梯度-曲面拟合法的亚像素位移测量算法

数字图像相关方法作为光学测量的一种测量方式在结构变形测量中有广泛应用,其中亚像素位移测量精度成为关键。基于亚像素位移测量精度影响因素的分析,研究了计算子区灰度插值、计算窗口大小以及拟合距离对亚像素位移测量的影响。提出了一种梯度-曲面拟合法的亚像素位移测量算法,即,先采用梯度法计算出结构的亚像素位移,再对计算子区进行亚像素插值,然后调整拟合距离进行亚像素曲面拟合。最后利用计算机模拟算例验证了该方法具有良好的计算效率、计算精度及抗噪声能力。     

基于单摄像机的三维位移测试方法

基于三维位移测量手段在工程技术领域的必要性和重要性,开展了基于单摄像机和数字图像相关的三维位移测试方法研究.基于图像位移场矢量中心和斜率与面内和离面位移的分别对应关系,采用Savitzky-Golay(SG)微分滤波器分离图像位移子区内的常数项与一次项,可实现物体三维位移分量的有效分离.以针孔摄像机成像模型为基础,开展了相应的数值模拟实验及悬臂梁端部受载的实验,发展了与三维线性变形对应的散斑图模拟方法,验证了基于二阶位移模式的牛顿-拉夫森迭代法的精度和适用性.数值模拟与实验结果均验证了三维位移测试方法用于实现物体三维位移重构的可行性和优越性.     

基于单帧变形条纹的物体三维位移和速度测量

用隔行扫描摄像机采集到的运动物体单帧变形条纹测量三维位移和速度.该方法将一帧变形条纹分成两个单场,利用傅里叶变换轮廓术重建三维面形,从单场条纹的调制度中提取二值化模板,计算质心获得亚像素匹配定位点,通过双三次插值和标定,实现了一个场周期时间内三个维度上的位移和平均速度的测量.匀速运动物体实验结果表明:被测速度的最大绝对误差为0.6 mm/s,相对误差为0.57%.该方法仅用一帧变形条纹即可测量运动物体的三维位移和速度,提高了时间分辨率和测量准确度.     

三维电子散斑干涉载频调制及其在柴油机上的应用

将电子散斑干涉场的三维载波调制技术应用到三维物体变形测量中.用水平方向、竖直方向及垂直试件表面的三路相干光分别照明物体，在水平和竖直方向通过控制反射镜的微小偏转引入载波，实现位移场干涉条纹的调制；利用物体的微小偏转实现离面位移场干涉条纹的调制；结合傅里叶变换法，分别解调出变形场的位相，从而实现了物体三维变形场的精确测量.将该技术应用到柴油机油泵的三维位移测量上，成功测量了油泵的三维位移场.     

Application of iteration and finite element smoothing technique for displacement and strain measurement of digital speckle correlation

In this paper, an improved method for measuring displacement in digital speckle correlation technology, which is based on an iterative and spatial-gradient algorithm, is developed. After obtaining full-field displacement, both finite element method and 2D generalized cross-validation (GCV) algorithm are adopted for smoothing the displacement field, and then the strain field can be obtained from the smoothed displacement field. The method is estimated by simulated speckle patterns and three-point bending experiment. All the results show the improved method can obtain a reasonable estimation of displacement and strain fields in digital speckle correlation method.     

Digital speckle correlation method with compensation technique for strain field measurements

In the strain field measurements, especially in large strain field measurements, the correlation coefficient values obtained by the digital speckle correlation method are usually very low due to the relative pixel movement of the subset. The measuring error, therefore, is increased. A primary method, that is called compensation algorithm, is introduced for improving the correlation coefficient. A flow scheme with the compensation algorithm of our software is developed and some improved techniques for reducing the calculation time and error are discussed in the paper. After obtaining a set of displacement data with high correlation coefficient, a de-noise wavelet processing is adopted. It is obvious that the measuring accuracy of the strain field is better then before. A strain field of testing experiment is performed with this compensation technique. The correlation coefficients can increase from 0.70 to 0.99, which will be of much benefit for the improvements of the measuring accuracy.     

Investigation of Portevin-Le Chatelier effect in 5456 Al-based alloy using digital image correlation

A variety of experimental methods have been proposed for Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect. They mainly focused on the in-plane deformation. In order to achieve the high-accuracy measurement, three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) was employed in this work to investigate the PLC effect in 5456 Al-based alloy. The temporal and spatial evolutions of deformation in the full field of specimen surface were observed. The large deformation of localized necking was determined experimentally. The distributions of out-of-plane displacement over the loading procedure were also obtained. Furthermore, a comparison of measurement accuracy between two-dimensional digital image correlation (2D-DIC) and 3D-DIC was also performed. Due to the theoretical restriction, the measurement accuracy of 2D-DIC decreases with the increase of deformation. A maximum discrepancy of about 20% with 3D-DIC was observed in this work. Therefore, 3D-DIC is actually more essential for the high-accuracy investigation of PLC effect.     

数字图像相关中基于位移场局部最小二乘拟合的全场应变测量

为了从含噪声的位移场中计算得到可靠的应变场,提出一种基于位移场局部最小二乘拟合的全场应变求解方法。介绍了数字图像相关方法的原理,阐述了基于位移场局部最小二乘拟合的全场应变求解方法,并讨论了计算区域边界、孔洞及裂纹附近区域等情况下的应变计算。对均匀变形和中心带圆孔的薄铝板拉伸实验的计算结果表明,该方法能有效地从原始位移场数据中提取全场应变信息。在均匀变形情况下应选择大的应变计算窗口,计算结果更逼近真值;在非均匀变形情况下,如果位移场中包含较强的噪声,则应选择较大的应变计算窗口,而位移场精度很高时可选择更小的应变计算窗口。     

Microscopic 3-D displacement field measurements using digital speckle photography

A technique to measure object shape and 3-D displacement fields in micro-scale is offered by microscopic stereo digital speckle photography. The displacement of the random features that are often present on many engineering surfaces when viewed in a microscope is measured with the system, using image correlation. In this paper the equipment, physical model and calibration routines are described. The technique can be applied for sub-mm sized objects of arbitrary shape for small deformation fields. As a verifying experiment, an in-plane rotation of a flat calibration plate is presented. The expected in-plane errors are shown to be less than 0.1 μm and the corresponding out-of-plane errors about three times larger. As a pilot experiment, micro-structural paper expansion is studied, when exposed to humidity. The scaling properties of the microscope as well as the sampling criteria and reliability of the system are discussed in detail.     

相关场的投影理论

本文应用Radon变换导出了二维相关场的一维投影积分方程.并通过构造积分方程的投影算子实现了二维相关场向一维相关场的变换.并对—维投影相关特性进行了理论分析.     

Single-step scanner-based digital image correlation (SB-DIC) method for large deformation mapping in rubber

The incremental digital image correlation (DIC) method has been applied in the past to determine strain in large deformation materials like rubber. This method is, however, prone to cumulative errors since the total displacement is determined by combining the displacements in numerous stages of the deformation. In this work, a method of mapping large strains in rubber using DIC in a single-step without the need for a series of deformation images is proposed. The reference subsets were deformed using deformation factors obtained from the fitted mean stress-axial stretch ratio curve obtained experimentally and the theoretical Poisson function. The deformed reference subsets were then correlated with the deformed image after loading. The recently developed scanner-based digital image correlation (SB-DIC) method was applied on dumbbell rubber specimens to obtain the in-plane displacement fields up to 350% axial strain. Comparison of the mean axial strains determined from the single-step SB-DIC method with those from the incremental SB-DIC method showed an average difference of 4.7%. Two rectangular rubber specimens containing circular and square holes were deformed and analysed using the proposed method. The resultant strain maps from the single-step SB-DIC method were compared with the results of finite element modeling (FEM). The comparison shows that the proposed single-step SB-DIC method can be used to map the strain distribution accurately in large deformation materials like rubber at much shorter time compared to the incremental DIC method.     

时间序列动态散斑相关跟踪测量原理及其应用

在对散斑场的特性进行研究与分析的基础上,提出了时间序列动态散斑相关跟踪测量法,它弥补了一般散斑相关法不适合大变形测量的缺点,扩大了散斑相关法的应用范围.运用这种方法不仅可以测量大动态范围的面内变形,而且可以测量分析面内动态变形过程和变形速度.