理解O(3P)+CHD3→OH+CD3反应的转动模式特异性: 反应物排列图像

本文采用含时波包方法和七维约化量子模型研究了典型碳氢氧化反应O(³P)+CHD₃→OH+CD₃中反应分子CHD₃的转动模式特异性. 发现理论计算反应几率依赖于CHD₃转动量子数J在分子对称轴上的投影$K$和在O-CHD₃分子间轴上的投影K_tot,即P_Ktot=K=0>P_Ktot=K=J>P_Ktot=J,K=0=P_Ktot=0,K=J. 这种关系可以用反应物分子相对取向进行解释. 另外,反应物CHD₃的转动激发(J≤4)表现出比较弱的促进作用,但是K=0转动态激发的促进作用比K=J的强,主要得益于K=K_tot=0分量的贡献. 该分量对应于CHD₃的滚动转动,这种运动形式可以增大初始有效反应碰撞角度的范围.     

HCl-H_2O和DCl-H_2O二聚体的分子内和分子间振转态的全维和完全耦合量子计算（英文）

本文报道了氯化氢-水二聚体的两种同位素,HCl-H_2O(HH)和DCl-H_2O(DH)的J=1分子内和分子间振转态的全维和完全耦合量子束缚态计算.本研究补充了我们最近对于这两类体系J=0九维(9D)振动水平结构的理论研究,并采用相同的精确9D置换不变多项式-神经网络势能面.该计算得到了所有这些分子间和分子内低能的振转态的基本量,将结果与相同二聚体的9D J=0计算的结果进行了比较.k=1和k=0本征态之间的能量差异表现出与分子间振转态的明显变化,为此本文提供了定性的解释.     

H+HD→H2+D反应的高分辨交叉分子束实验研究

本文利用交叉分子束方法和离子速度成像技术,对H+HD→H₂+D反应在1.17 eV碰撞能下的态-态反应动力学开展了高分辨实验研究. 实验采用1+1''(真空紫外+紫外)近阈值激光电离方式对反应中的D原子产物进行探测,获得了高角度分辨和高能量分辨的产物离子速度影像,进而精确获得了反应的态-态微分截面. 实验观测到了H₂(v''=0,j''=1)和H₂(v''=0,j''=3)振转产物角分布中与散射过程的干涉效应相联系的前向散射振荡. 这一研究进一步表明了化学反应微分截面的精确测量在气相态-态反应动力学研究中的重要性.     

交叉分子束实验研究F+D2(v=1, j=0)反应

本文使用交叉分子束方法研究了氟原子和振动激发态氘分子D₂(v=1, j=0)的反应. 使用受激拉曼抽运的方法制备了振动激发的D₂分子. 实验中未观测到来自于旋轨耦合激发态氟原子F^*(²P_1/2)与振动激发态D₂分子的贡献. 观测到来自于旋轨耦合基态氟原子F(²P_3/2)和振动激发态D₂的反应信号,相应的产物DF分子布居于v''=2,3,4,5振动态上. 与振动基态反应F+D₂(v=1,j=0)相比,振动激发态反应F+D₂(v=1,j=0)生成的DF产物转动分布更“热”. 获得了振动激发反应的四个碰撞能在0.32至2.62 kcal/mol范围内的微分反应截面. 在最低的碰撞能0.32 kcal/mol下,所有振动态的DF产物都以后向散射为主. 随着碰撞能的增加,DF产物的角分布逐渐从后向转移到侧向. 测量了DF(v''=5)产物的前向微分散射截面随碰撞能变化的曲线. 前向散射的DF(v''=5)信号出现于1.0 kcal/mol. 在2.62 kcal/mol碰撞能下DF(v''=5)主要为前向散射.     

HNCO在201 nm的离子成像光解动力学:CO(X1Σ+)与NH(a1Δ)

本文通过时间切片离子速度成像技术在201 nm附近研究了HNCO分子在S₁电子激发态的光解动力学. CO产物通过共振增强多光子电离的方法进行了选态探测,获得了CO产物的振动基态和激发态切片影像. 从CO的影像得到了解离产物的能量分布和空间角分布,确定了NH(a¹Δ)产物的振转态分布信息. 研究发现¹NH的振动分支比(v=1/v=0)随CO(v=0)转动能的增大先增大后下降,展现了¹NH与CO之间特殊的态态相关性. 大约一半的可资用能分配给解离产物的平动自由度. 负的各向异性参数表明HNCO的光解是个快速的直接解离过程.     

碰撞能44∽164 cm−1范围内单量子态转动激发对F+D2反应的影响

当碰撞能很低,尤其是远低于反应势垒的时候,反应通常经过量子隧穿来进行. 目前,还没有明确的物理图像来描述反应物的转动激发对这类反应过程的影响. 本文基于里德堡态D原子飞行时间谱探测方法,利用多通道探测器交叉分子束装置研究了碰撞能44 cm^-1∽164 cm^-1下反应F+D₂(v=0,j=0,1)→DF(v'')+D的动力学过程,并得到了振动态分辨的微分截面. 在可资用能相等时,通过调控反应的平动能,研究了D₂转动激发对于反应的影响,发现反应物的转动比平动更有利于反应的进行. D₂的转动激发导致产物DF的角分布和量子态分布发生显著变化. 本工作进一步加深转动激发对于反应的影响的理解,尤其是在反应能量远低于反应势垒的情况下.     

He-H2S复合物的六维从头算势能面和束缚态

采用[CCSD(T)]-F12a/aug-cc-pVTZ方法，同时在基组中引入中心键函数(3s3p2d1f1g)构建了He-H$_2$S复合物的高精度六维势能面. 除分子间振动坐标，同时考虑了H₂S分子内的v₁对称伸缩振动Q₁正则模、v₂弯曲振动Q₂正则模和v₃反对称伸缩振动Q₃正则模三种振动模式. 将计算得到的六维势能面在Q₁，Q₂和Q₃方向上分别做积分得到H₂S单体分别处于振动基态、v和v₃激发态下的He-H₂S的三个振动平均势能面. 计算结果表明，每个平均势能面都有一个T形全局极小值、一个平面局部极小值、两个平面内鞍点和一个平面外鞍点. 全局极小值的几何构型位于R=3.46 ?，θ=109.9°和φ=0.0°，势阱深度为35.301 ^-1. 在径向部分采用离散变量表象法和角度部分采用有限基组表象法并结合Lanczos循环算法计算了He-H₂S的振转能级和束缚态. 计算发现He-(para-H₂S)在H₂S的v₂和v₃区域的带心位移分别为0.025 cm^-1和0.031 cm^-1，而He-(ortho-H₂S)的带心位移分别为0.041 cm^-1和0.060 cm^-1，都表现为蓝移.     

AgO分子C2∏-X2∏(0,0)带高分辨光谱再研究

本文利用激光诱导荧光技术对AgO分子C²∏-X²∏(0,0)带光谱在∽0.02 cm^-1分辨率水平开展了高分辨研究. 在超声射流条件下利用银针电极对O₂/Ar混合气高压放电制备AgO分子，利用自行研制的窄线宽单纵模光参量振荡器作为可调谐激光光源，实验记录了同位素分辨的¹⁰⁷Ag¹⁶O和¹⁰⁹Ag¹⁶O分子C²∏-X²∏(0,0)带的高分辨光谱. 通过对实验光谱的转动分析获得了两个同位素分子的精确光谱常数，其中¹⁰⁷Ag¹⁶O分子C²∏态常数为首次实验测定. 结合文献和理论计算，实验观测的C²∏态自旋-轨道耦合效应很可能来自于与四重解离态⁴Σ^-或⁴∏的态混合.     

4s和4p半核态引入价态(导致杂化指数降低)可以减弱Mon (n=2∽18)团簇的二聚体现象的第一性原理研究

钼团簇因具有独特的结构、电子和物理化学性质,被期待在未来的纳米科技中扮演重要角色,但是它们的基态结构至今还存在争议. 本研究采用粒子群优化(CALYPSO)方法对Mo_n (n=2∽18)团簇的晶体结构进行全局域能量最小化搜索,并结合第一性原理方法进一步优化. 计算表明：当4s和4p半核态不作为价态时,Mo_n (n=2∽18)团簇有明显的二聚体趋势,原子数为偶数的团簇往往是“幻数”团簇,具有较高的稳定性;但是,将4s和4p电子作为价电子后,平均杂化指数H_sp、H_sd和H_pd显著降低,二聚体趋势急剧减弱. 本文报道了Mo_n(n=11,14,15)团簇的新基态结构,证明了半核态对于Mo_n团簇是十分重要的.     

OCS经由F 31Π里德堡态生成CO(X1Σ+)+S(1D2)产物的波长相关性光解离

本文利用时间切片离子速度成像技术在134∽140 nm波段研究了OCS分子经由F 3¹Π里德堡态的真空紫外光解离动力学. 在选取的5个分别对应OCS(F 3¹Π, v₁=0∽4)的伸缩振动激发的光解波长，实验测得了来自CO(X¹Σ⁺)+S(¹D₂)产物通道的SS(¹D₂))实验影像，并获得了总平动能谱和CO(X¹Σ⁺, v)共生产物的振动布居及角分布. 结果分析表明OCS分子解离生成CO(X¹Σ⁺)+S(¹D₂)产物的过程经历了上态F 3¹Π 与C_?v和C_s构型的下电子态间非绝热耦合过程. 实验结果显示了很强的波长相关性：OCS (F 3¹Π, v₁)的较低转动激发态(v₁=0∽2)和较高转动激发态(v₁=3, 4)的CO(X¹Σ⁺)产物的振动布居和角分布具有显著差异，表明该解离过程中具有不同的解离机理. 本结果提供了振动耦合可能对真空紫外光解离动力学产生关键作用的相关证据.     

Variational Calculation of Energies of Highly Excited Rovibrational States of CO2

Accurate variational calculations of energies of highly excited rovibrational states of ¹²C¹⁶O₂ using a Lanczos recursion are presented. In a first step, we use experimental rovibrational transition frequencies to determine by a least-square fitting procedure a potential energy surface for the CO₂ molecule. This potential energy surface is expressed as a multidimensional power series expansion in the normal coordinates. It is then used to determine all the rovibrational energies for symmetry e levels up to a rotational number J=200, a vibrational energy of 13 000 cm⁻¹, and a vibrational angular momentum l=13.     

Spectroscopically determined potential energy surfaces of the H2O, H2O, and H2O isotopologues of water

Adiabatic potential energy surfaces (PESs) for three major isotopologues of water, H₂¹⁶O, H₂¹⁷O, and H₂¹⁸O, are constructed by fitting to observed vibration-rotation energy levels of the system using the nuclear motion program DVR3D employing an exact kinetic energy operator. Extensive tests show that the mass-dependent ab initio surfaces due to Polyansky et al. [O.L. Polyansky, A.G. Császár, S.V. Shirin, N.F. Zobov, P. Barletta, J. Tennyson, D.W. Schwenke, P.J. Knowles, Science 299 (2003) 539-542.] provide an excellent starting point for the fits. The refinements are performed using a mass-independent morphing function, which smoothly distorts the original adiabatic ab initio PESs. The best overall fit is based on 1788 experimental energy levels with the rotational quantum number J = 0, 2, and 5. It reproduces these levels with a standard deviation of 0.079 cm⁻¹ and gives, when explicit allowance is made for nonadiabatic rotational effects, excellent predictions for levels up to J = 40. Theoretical linelists for all three isotopologues of water involved in the PES construction were calculated up to 26 000 cm⁻¹ with energy levels up to J = 10. These linelists should make an excellent starting point for spectroscopic modelling and analysis.     

Rotation-vibration energy cluster formation in XH2D and XHD2 molecules (X = Bi, P, and Sb)

We investigate theoretically the energy cluster formation in highly excited rotational states of several pyramidal XH₂D and XHD₂ molecules (X = Bi, P, and Sb) by calculating, in a variational approach, the rotational energy levels in the vibrational ground states of these species for J?70. We show that at high J the calculated energy levels of the di-deuterated species XHD₂ exhibit distinct fourfold cluster patterns highly similar to those observed for H₂X molecules. We conclude from eigenfunction analysis that in the energy cluster states, the XHD₂ molecule rotates about a so-called localization axis which is approximately parallel to one of the X-D bonds. For the mono-deuterated XH₂D isotopologues, the rotational spectra are found to have a simple rigid-rotor structure with twofold clusters.     

Analysis of the first triad of interacting states (0 2 0), (1 0 0), and (0 0 1) of D2O from hot emission spectra

The far-infrared and middle-infrared emission spectra of deuterated water vapour were measured at temperatures 1370, 1520, and 1940 K in the ranges 320-860 and 1750-3400 cm⁻¹. The measurements were performed in an alumina cell with an effective length of hot gas of about 50 cm. More than 3550 new measured lines for the D₂¹⁶O molecule corresponding to transitions from highly excited rotational levels of the (0 2 0), (1 0 0), and (0 0 1) vibrational states are reported. These new lines correspond to rotational states with higher values of the rotational quantum numbers compared to previously published determinations: J_max = 29 and K_a(max) = 22 for the (0 2 0) state, J_max = 29 and K_a(max) = 25 for the (1 0 0) state, and J_max = 30 and K_a(max) = 23 for the (0 0 1) state. The extended set of 1987 experimental rotational energy levels for the (0 2 0), (1 0 0), and (0 0 1) vibration states including all previously available data has been determined. For the data reduction we used the generating function model. The root mean square (RMS) deviation between observed and calculated values is 0.004 cm⁻¹ for 1952 rovibrational levels of all three vibration states. A comparison of the observed energy levels with the best available values from the literature and with the global predictions from molecular electronic potential energy surfaces of water isotopic species [H. Partridge, D.W. Schwenke, J. Chem. Phys. 106 (1997) 4618] is discussed. The latter confirms a good consistency of mass-dependent DBOC corrections in the PS potential function with new experimental rovibrational data.     

The ν1 and ν3 stretching fundamental bands of PD3

The infrared (IR) spectrum of PD₃ has been recorded in the 1580–1800 cm⁻¹ range at a resolution of 0.0027 cm⁻¹. About 2400 rovibrational transitions with J^′=K^′22 have been measured and assigned to the ν₁ (A₁) and ν₃ (E) stretching fundamentals. These include 506 “perturbation-allowed” transitions with selection rules Δ(k−l)=±3. Splittings of the K^′′=3 lines have been observed. Effects of strong perturbations are evident in the spectrum. Therefore the rovibrational Hamiltonian adopted for the analysis explicitly takes into account the Coriolis and k-type interactions between the v₁=1 and v₃=1 states, and includes also several essential resonances within these states. The rotational structure in the v₁=1 and v₃=1 vibrational states up to J^′=K^′=18 was reproduced by fitting simultaneously all experimental data. Thirty-four parameters reproduced 1950 transitions retained in the final cycle with a standard deviation of the fit equal to 4.9 × 10⁻⁴ cm⁻¹ (about the precision of the experimental measurements).     

N2- and O2-broadening coefficients and profiles for millimeter lines of N2O

For the purpose of atmospheric applications, we have measured N₂- and O₂-induced broadenings and shapes of rotational lines of N₂O in the 235-350 K temperature range, precisely the J=8←7, J=22←21, and J=23←22 lines, located near 201, 552, and 577 GHz, respectively. The analysis of experimental lineshapes shows up significant deviations from the Voigt profile, which are characteristic of line narrowing processes. In a first step, the Voigt profile was considered for the determination of pressure broadening parameters and of their temperature dependencies. Results are in good agreement with the dependence from rotational quantum number previously observed for other rotational and rovibrational lines. They are well explained by calculations based on a semiclassical formalism that includes the atom-atom Lennard-Jones potential in addition to electrostatic interactions up to hexadecapolar contributions. In a second step, observed lineshapes were analyzed by using the Galatry profile and a speed-dependent Voigt profile. The nonlinear pressure behavior observed for the diffusion rate β involved in the Galatry profile leads to rule out the possible role of velocity/speed changing collisions, and to infer that discrepancies from the Voigt profile result from the dependence of relaxation rates on molecular speeds. This interpretation is supported by the comparison of optical and kinetic radii and confirmed by theoretical calculations of relaxation rates. Finally, it can be claimed that, for the N₂O-N₂ and N₂O-O₂ systems, deviations from the Voigt profile are explained by a speed-dependent Voigt profile.     

Rovibrational spectrum and potential energy surface of the N2-N2O van der Waals complex

The rovibrational spectrum of the N₂-N₂O van der Waals complex has been recorded in the N₂O ν₁ region (∼1285 cm⁻¹) using a tunable diode laser spectrometer to probe a pulsed supersonic slit jet. The observed transitions together with the data observed previously in the N₂O ν₃ region are analyzed using a Watson S-reduced asymmetric rotor Hamiltonian. The rotational and centrifugal distortion constants for the ground and excited vibrational states are accurately determined. The band-origin of the spectrum is determined to be 1285.73964(14) cm⁻¹. A restricted two-dimensional intermolecular potential energy surface for a planar structure of N₂-N₂O has been calculated at the CCSD(T) level of theory with the aug-cc-pVDZ basis sets and a set of mid-bond functions. With the intermolecular distance fixed at the ground state value R = 3.6926 Å, the potential has a global minimum with a well depth of 326.64 cm⁻¹ at θ_N2 = 11.0° and θ_N2O = 84.3° and has a saddle point with a barrier height of 204.61 cm⁻¹ at θ_N2 = 97.4° and θ_N2O = 92.2°, where θ_N2(θ_N2O) is the enclosed angle between the N-N axis (N-N-O axis) and the intermolecular axis.     

Sub-Doppler and Doppler spectroscopy of DCN isotopomers in the terahertz region: ground and first excited bending states (v1v2v3)=(0 1 0)

The rotational spectra of the deuterium cyanide isotopic species DCN, D¹³CN, DC¹⁵N, and D¹³C¹⁵N were recorded in the vibrational ground and first excited bending state (v₂=1) up to 2 THz. The R-branch transitions from J=3←2 to J=13←12 were measured with sub-Doppler resolution. These very high resolution (∼70 kHz) and precise (±3-10 kHz) saturation dip measurements allowed for resolving the underlying hyperfine structure due to the ¹⁴N nucleus in DCN and D¹³CN for transitions as high as J=10←9. Additional high JR-branch (J=25←24 to J=28←27) transitions around 2 THz and direct l-type (ΔJ=0, J=19 to J=25) transitions from 66 to 118 GHz were recorded in Doppler-limited resolution. For the ground state of D¹³C¹⁵N, the J=1←0 transition was measured for the first time. The transition frequency accuracies for the other deuterated species were significantly improved. These new experimental data, together with the available infrared rovibrational data and previously measured direct l-type transitions, were subjected to a global least squares analysis for each isotopomer. This yielded precise sets of molecular constants for the ground and first excited vibrational states, including the nuclear quadrupole and magnetic spin-rotation coupling constants of the ¹⁴N nucleus for DCN and D¹³CN. The hyperfine structure due to the D, ¹³C, and ¹⁵N nuclei have not been resolved, but led to a broadening of the observed saturation dips.     

The ν2 and ν4 bands of AsH3

The infrared absorption of arsine, AsH₃, between 750 and 1200 cm^?1 has been recorded at a resolution of 0.006 cm^?1. Altogether 2419 transitions, including nearly 700 “perturbation allowed” transitions with Δ∥k ? l∥ = ±3, ±6, and ±9, have been assigned to the ν₂(A₁) and ν₄(E) bands. Splitting of the transitions for K″ = 3, 6, and 9 was also observed. To fit the rotational pattern of the v₂ = 1 and v₄ = 1 vibrational states up to J = 21, all the experimental data were analyzed simultaneously on the basis of a rovibrational Hamiltonian which took into account the Coriolis interaction between ν₂ and ν₄ and also included several essential resonances within them. The derived set of 38 significant spectroscopic parameters reproduced the 2328 transition wavenumbers retained in the final fit within the accuracy of the experimental measurements.     

Millimeter wave spectrum of acetonitrile oxide,CH3CNO,in the ν10 vibrational manifold: The ground state and the state v10 = 1

The pure rotational spectrum of CH₃CNO was measured in the frequency range 75 to 230 GHz. For the ground state, transitions were measured for J between 9 and 28 and for K from 0 to 12. In the v₁₀ = 1 state the measurements range from J = 0 to 19 and from K = 0 to 11. Numerous perturbations are observed, apparently due to accidental resonances with levels in other vibrational states. The contributions due to ΔK = 2, Δl = 2 matrix elements (l-type resonance and l-type doubling) are accounted for by matrix diagonalization, and the effects due to accidental resonances are presented graphically.