滚动轴承声信号特征提取和诊断试验研究

为解决振动检测方法不能有效识别低速旋转机械滚动轴承故障问题,利用声发射检测方法,建立了滚动轴承低速声发射信号采集试验装置,对模拟人工缺陷滚动轴承声发射信号进行了采集,进而对滚动轴承声发射信号进行总体平均经验模式分解,结合能量矩及相关系数法综合判断分解后各模态分量的真伪,据此提取出特征信号并做出其局部Hilbert边际谱,最后对滚动轴承各种故障模式进行诊断。试验结果表明该诊断方法能准确识别滚动轴承声发射信号故障频率,依据特征频率及幅值大小可对低速滚动轴承故障进行有效诊断。     

基于仿生特征模式匹配的海洋动物声信号识别*

针对小数据量的海洋动物声信号混合识别,将声信号同态分析过程中的线性频率转换为Mel频率,得到模拟人耳听觉特性的Mel频率倒谱系数作为声信号的特征。按照声信号所属的物种建立特征模板,使用动态时间规整算法对待识别特征进行分类识别,并对特征库和识别算法进行优化。分别提取了6种鱼类、3种虾类、12种鲸类的Mel频率倒谱系数,为每个物种建立特征模板。分3次对3种、5种、6种鱼类进行识别,分别获得了100%、96.25%、94.68%的识别率。对6种鱼类、3种虾类、12种鲸类共21个物种进行混合识别,总识别率由87.56%提升至优化后的88.96%。实验结果表明,基于Mel频率倒谱系数和动态时间规整算法的海洋动物声信号混合识别能够在小数据量时获得较高的识别率,优化后的特征库和识别算法能够提升识别率。     

基于屋顶二值红外传感器网络的人体定位和行为识别系统设计

为了解决个人隐私的保护、受光照条件和障碍物等因素的影响,设计了一种基于屋顶二值红外传感器网络的人体行为识别系统。系统采用STM32芯片和ZigBee协调器建立ZigBee网络。当实验者在安装在屋顶的20个互连的AMN31111红外传感器下面做出一系列行为时,传感器对其进行二值数据采集,ZigBee协调器将数据通过串口发送到PC机上实时动态显示,通过Keil 5系统软件对采集的二值数据以txt文本格式存储。提出了像素值法对人体进行定位和BP神经网络算法在模拟的居家环境中对7种不同人物行为进行识别。实验结果表明：该系统实现了人体多种行为的识别,其识别率为84.7%,4名实验者得到平均识别精度相比固定在居家电器传感器设备要高4.7%左右,并且该系统采集精度高、性能稳定、可靠性高、成本低、功耗低,解决了一些目前人体行为识别监测系统存在的问题。     

基于头发分析的一种模拟诊断方法探讨

用统计模式识别方法研究了头发微量元素 ,应用于筛选或识别病人 ,建立动态诊断指标。以糖尿病病人和鼻咽癌病人的模拟诊断为例 ,结果说明所建立的动态诊断指标有较高的正确识别率。     

基于PVDF的膝关节控制肌群运动信息采集传感器研究

针对膝关节运动过程中控制肌群的运动信息的采集问题,文章设计了多种PVDF压电传感器的悬臂悬臂梁结构,利用传感器采集到的压电信息获取控制肌群的运动信息,并通过软件建模仿真和实验对比测试找到了最优悬臂梁结构设计为圆形简支悬臂梁结构,同时测试了传感器的性能;测试结果显示设计的PVDF压电传感器表现优越,可用于实际的信息采集。     

基于一维卷积神经网络的光纤周界入侵模式识别

针对干涉型分布式光纤传感系统,在通过Mel倒谱系数方法提取扰动信号频域特征进行模式识别的研究基础上,提出了一种基于一维卷积神经网络的光纤入侵模式识别方法。利用还原信号的分级阈值判断并提取入侵信号,有效减少了分帧方法导致的计算时间;构建了基于入侵信号傅里叶变换后的频域信息的一维卷积神经网络,自适应地提取扰动的信号频域特征。搭建了基于直线型Sagnac干涉结构的入侵检测系统,利用大量实验采集的样本数据集对网络进行训练,得到了较好的分类识别结果,测试集的平均识别率达到了96.5%,并对训练后网络的卷积核以及经过卷积核后的入侵信号进行了分析。zscore标准化后,一维卷积神经网络能够识别信号频域中的部分特征,对频率成分复杂的树枝拍打信号识别效果提升较大。     

经验模态分解法在光纤光栅围栏报警系统中的应用

为了解决基于FBG传感器的光纤围栏报警系统中多个FBG传感器在同时受扰时,定位报警信号难的问题,实现对报警信号的有效识别和判断,提出了一种基于经验模态分解（EMD）和小波包特征熵算法的分析方法。利用经验模态分解法对于信号的突变性敏感和有效保留以及其特有的自适应性分解特性,首先对报警信号进行经验模态分解,再结合小波包分解,得到小波包系数提取其信号的能量分布,再做归一化得到信号的能量分布特征向量,进而运用相关性分析实现对报警信号的识别和判断。通过建立实验模型,对采集到的报警信号做了分析,证明了该方法对于解决光纤围栏报警系统中FBG传感器的级联判断报警信号的有效性。     

基于决策树的异常高频心电图识别

运用决策树技术对高频心电图进行分类和识别. 采用Bagging和Boosting方法,分类准确率得到一定程度的提高,从76.3%分别升至79.8%和77.5%. 采用代价敏感决策树,异常心电图的识别率得到明显提高, 达到75.0%,但是分类准确率大幅度下降为53.2%,正常心电图的识别率急剧恶化,从93.2%降为42.7%. 通过实例选择优化训练集,重新构建决策树,分类准确率和异常心电图的识别率均得到明显提高,分别升至84.4%和73.2%. 与BP神经网络、RBF神经网络、支持向量机的分类实验结果相比,基于优化训练集建立的决策树性能最好. 从该树提取相应的诊断规则,可以提高诊断的准确度.     

自适应特征引流管故障智能识别方法

为了实现对高压输电线存在的故障隐患进行自动检测,本文提出了一种自适应特征引流管故障隐患智能识别算法。首先,分析了故障引流子的红外热图像特征,把故障分为两类:明显发热和微弱发热;其次,针对引流管所引起的明显发热,采用改进的Otsu阈值分割法对红外图像进行分割,运用改进的Sobel算子提取轮廓;第三,用种子填充算法分离连通域,通过Thread特征判断是否为故障引流管;最后,进入引流管所引起的微弱小区域发热识别,运用高压输电线平行特征寻找主干线区域,在主干线区域检测Harris角点,通过STWN特征判断是否为故障引流子。实验结果表明,发热隐患的识别率为94.6%,漏检率为2.2%,误识别率为5.5%。     

任意边界板结构的声辐射模态误差传感器的设计

获取声辐射模态伴随系数是基于声辐射模态理论进行主动结构声控制(ASAC)的重要环节。以往PVDF分布式传感器的设计难点是振速展开受边界条件的限制,其设计过程往往是针对特定边界条件展开的。本文在声辐射模态理论和两维分布式传感器的压电方程的基础上,将板表面振速分布用Legendre多项式展开,给出了两维板结构的PVDF传感器形状与边界条件无关的设计方法。这样设计得到的传感器能应用于任意边界条件和任意振速分布的两维板结构,且实时性好,拓宽了其应用范围。本文还分别以固定边界条件板及在该板中任取一小区域两种情况为例,证明了该设计方法的可行性。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.     

Direction-of-arrival estimation using matrix spatial prefiltering approach

An approach to direction-of-arrival （DOA） estimation for multiple narrowband farfield signals is proposed. The technique uses a novel matrix spatial prefiltering approach. Specifically, a matrix filter is designed to spatially filter the incoming data snapshots. The un-wanted components arriving from the stopband angular sectors are attenuated and the desired components from the angular sector of interest pass with minimal distortion. The matrix filter spatially filters the element-space data and the output reserves the element-space data property, which makes it very useful by passing sensor data through a spatial prefilter prior to applying many other array processors to attenuate interferences and improve system performance. Several examples of DOA estimation problem are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed spatial prefiltering approach. Results of simulation and real data show that the pre-filter can efficiently attenuate the spatial interferences and significantly improve the estimation and resolution capability of DOA estimators at low signal-to-noise ratios for the sources located inside the passband sector. In addition, the use of spatial prefilter makes it possible to estimate DOAs for multiple sources more than the number of the elements of an array.     

Quantum efficiency calibration of opto-electronic detector by means of correlated photons method

A new calibration method of detectors can be realized by using correlated photons generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) effect of nonlinear crystal.An absolute calibration system of detector quantum efficiency is performed.And its principle and experimental setup are introduced.A continuouswave (CW) ultraviolet (351 nm),diode-pumped,frequency-doubled,and solid-state laser is used to pump BBO crystal.The quantum efficiencies of the photomultiplier at 633,702,and 789 nm are measured respectively.The coincidence peaks are observed using coincidence circuit.Some measurement factors including the filter bandwidth of trigger channel,the detector position alignment and polarization of the pump light are analyzed.The uncertainties of this calibration method are also analyzed,and the relative uncertainties of total calibration are less than 5.8%.The accuracy of this method could be improved in the future.