A novel simple measurement technique of equivalent chirp in the grating period of sampled Bragg grating

In this letter, based on the proposed concept of Moiré sampled Bragg grating (SBG), the equivalent chirp rates of various Fourier orders in a sampled Bragg grating with chirp in the sampling period (CSP) is demonstrated for the first time via a simple novel experimental method using phase mask rotation and dual exposure technique. Difference between experimental data and calculated results is less than 9%.     

Sub-nanometer metrology of chirped phase masks by optical Moiré

Optical Moiré fringe formation between a linear and chirped phase mask has been investigated theoretically and experimentally and used to determine the chirp rate. Period difference determination down to 0.4 nm is demonstrated using a 1080 nm period linear grating and a nominally 1 nm/mm chirped grating. Direct optical diffraction is also used to independently assess the chirp rate.     

All-optical square-pulse generation and multiplication at 1.5 mum by use of a novel class of fiber Bragg gratings

A new class of linearly chirped fiber Bragg gratings, suitable for all-fiber optical multiplication and reshaping of picosecond pulse trains, is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Repetition-rate multiplication, based on the temporal Talbot effect, is achieved by accurate control of the grating chirp, and a suitable design of the index-modulation depth profile allows for simultaneous square-pulse shaping. A 50-ps squarelike optical pulse train at 10-GHz repetition rate is obtained, starting from a 2.5-GHz Gaussian pulse train emitted by a mode-locked Er-Yb laser.     

Direct formation of a surface-relief grating on glass by ultraviolet visible laser irradiation

Surface-relief gratings were directly fabricated onto a glass surface by UV-visible laser irradiation. The glass surface was pretreated by molten salt, including Ag ions. Periodic intensity modulation of the laser light was conducted with a phase mask or by an interference technique. A pattern generated by intensity modulation was precisely transcribed onto the glass surface and a surface-relief grating was formed. The period and depth of the grating were 0.5 to 10 microm and less than 0.8 microm, respectively. The cross-sectional profile of the grating was sinusoidal or triangular, with very smooth surface morphology.     

利用均匀相位掩模板制作线性啁啾光纤光栅

理论上分析并从实验上验证了一种利用均匀相位掩模板写入啁啾光纤光栅的方法:将光纤弯曲,由于光纤离掩模板的距离不同从而使光纤光栅的周期轴向渐变,由此产生啁啾。分析了这种啁啾光纤光栅的谱特性和时延特性,同时也分析了由于光纤离掩模板的距离不同而引起的折射率调制变化给光纤光栅特性带来的影响。设计了一种石英曲面,利用其使光纤按照弯曲函数进行弯曲,然后进行紫外曝光制成了线性的啁啾光纤光栅。实验中制作的啁啾光纤光栅色散值为-1102 ps/nm,纹波为17ps。通过改变弯曲函数就可以实现利用一块均匀相位掩模板制作不同啁啾量的啁啾光纤光栅的目的,降低了啁啾光纤光栅的制作成本。     

误差扩散法设计用于惯性约束聚变驱动器的色分离光栅-光束采样光栅集成元件

针对多次曝光法制作集成衍射光学元件时存在的加工制作复杂,会引入较大的对位误差等问题,基于计算全息中的误差扩散编码原理及部分相干光成像理论,提出采用误差扩散编码方法来设计用于制作浮雕结构集成元件的编码掩模的新方法。给出了利用误差扩散法设计的色分离光栅-光束采样光栅(CSG-BSG)集成元件编码掩模,模拟计算了经部分相干成像系统后的空间像光强分布,并与理想的集成元件面形进行了比较。结果表明,校正后均方差为7.5%,体积偏差为10.2%。     

Apodization‐Assisted Subdiffraction Near‐Field Localization in 2D Phase Diffraction Grating

Conventional phase diffraction gratings can be used to localize the incoming optical radiation in the near‐field region. A new design of the binary phase diffraction grating is proposed with embedded pupil opaque mask inside each stripe. By means of numerical simulations, it is shown that with this masked phase grating the spatial resolution of the near‐field localization can be substantially improved and brought even beyond the solid immersion limit (λ/2n). Moreover, due to anomalous apodization effect, the subdiffraction field localization is accompanied by intensity enhancement as compared to the non‐masked design. The pupil mask rearranges the optical fluxes within the stripes and promotes the Fano resonances excitation in the periodic step lattice. This can be important for advancing the phase grating‐based super‐resolution technologies, including subdiffraction imaging, interferometry, and surface fabrication.     

Numerical analysis of apodized fiber Bragg gratings formation using phase mask with variable diffraction efficiency

Scalar diffraction theory is applied to analyze the intensity distribution in the fiber core during fiber Bragg grating (FBG) fabrication using an apodized phase mask. The averaged diffraction field distribution in fiber core was calculated as a function of optical fiber position. The results show that in a case of apodized FBGs fabrication, averaged field intensity profile, and thus refractive index changes in fiber core have complex form. Moreover, it was shown that the influence of optical fiber position behind the phase mask on average intensity distribution in fiber core decreases with increasing of its diameter.     

Numerical analysis of spatial distortions in a single-grating chirped pulse amplification system

A numerical study of spatial distortions of a laser beam after propagation through an optical single-grating chirp pulse amplification (CPA) system was developed. This study is based on numerical simulation using the ray-tracing model from Rayica module of MATHEMATICA and it relates the behavior of the aberrated beam in terms of spatial distortions (eg. spatial chirp and pulse front tilt) in case of grating incident angle variation. The results are relevant for different applications which use CPA systems with needs of high quality laser beam profile.     

基于啁啾光纤光栅的粮仓测温网络研究

为了解决传统光纤光栅测温系统中单根光纤上带光纤光栅探头数量少、回波光强弱以及复用能力差的问题,设计研究了基于啁啾光纤光栅的测温系统。通过啁啾调制技术提高了回波光的带宽,从而增强了信号的可处理性并大大提高了带探测点位的数量。推导了啁啾调制的光栅周期表达式,给出了调制方法及波长范围。实验采用LPT-102型宽带光源与F-P光纤解调仪等,调制带宽为1 535.0～1 555.0 nm,并结合WR-201型温度传感器作标定。对20～60 ℃范围内每1 ℃改变进行测试,实验结果显示,传统光纤光栅探头与啁啾光纤光栅探头的测试温度误差相近,都符合设计要求。相比而言,啁啾FBG的测试数据对应的波长偏移具有较为明显的单调线性的特征,即数据稳定性更高,同时,采用啁啾FBG的系统带光纤光栅探头数量明显优于传统光纤光栅测温系统。由此可知,本系统在不增加光纤个数及不降低温度测试精度的基础上,实现了大幅提高带探测点位数量的设计要求。     

微分相衬成像阵列光源

通过对用于微分相衬成像吸收光栅效率及光源空间相干性分析,提出一种新型阵列光源替代现有普通光源加吸收光栅模式.根据相位光栅自成像强度分布及吸收光栅效率对干涉成像对比度的影响分析,吸收光栅厚度一般应大于100 μm,而目前微加工工艺难以完成所要求的吸收光栅结构.结合光源亮度及成像对比度分析,给出阵列优化结构,并制作该光源,相关测试验证其可行性.     

Phase-shifting in-line digital holography on a digital micro-mirror device

A digital phase-shifting in-line holographic system based on the single coherence beam is developed. A series of phase-shifting fringes are generated by computer and outputted by a digital micro-mirror device (DMD). These fringes modulate the coherence beam because of the intensity modulation ability of DMD. In this work, the reconstructed conjugate image would not appear because of applying the phase-shifting algorithm. And calibration for the value of the optical phase shift is not necessary. An experiment based on a lens-less digital in-line micro-holographic setup with a phase grating specimen is conducted to demonstrate the validity of the present method.     

Flexible chirp control using the linearly inherent chirped phase mask with the equivalent chirp design

The design of fiber Bragg grating to achieve different chirp amount in the selective transmission channel is presented. The method depends on the combination effect of introduced equivalent chirp with the linearly inherent chirp provided by the phase mask. Since these two chirps can be incorporated, or be counteracted, the different chirp amount can be easily obtained.     

Dispersion Compensators Based on Overlaped Linearly Chirped Fiber Gratings for DWDM Systems

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Dispersion Compensators Based on Overlaped Linearly Chirped Fiber Gratings for DWDM Systems

By introducing a convergent lens in the phase mask setup and by tilting appropriately the fiber from the phase mask, a linearly chirped fiber grating with an appropriate chirp can be obtained conveniently. Using this method, two groups of fiber gratings, each of them is composed of 8 overlaped linearly chirped fiber gratings but with different center reflection wavelength separations (～0.8 nm and ～1.6 nm, respectively) are fabricated. Experimental results show that, the compensators based on the two groups of fiber gratings can be used to compensate for the dispersion of 8×2.5 Gb/s transmission over 100 km of standard single-mode fiber for multiple channels in optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM) and densed wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM).     

保偏微结构光纤啁啾光栅折射率传感特性分析

将有限元法和传输矩阵法相结合,系统地研究了保偏微结构光纤(PM-MOF)啁啾布拉格光栅的折射率传感特性。仿真研究了光纤空气孔中充入不同折射率被测物时啁啾光栅的反射谱,结果表明随着被测物折射率的增加,反射谱的面积出现明显变化,由此得到了光栅反射谱面积与被测物折射率的关系。分析了中心孔直径、啁啾系数、切趾函数等光栅结构参数对反射谱的影响。分析表明由于光纤两个方向的偏振模对温度、噪声等干扰响应相似,因此利用两个偏振模式反射谱的相对变化进行监测能够有效地降低干扰,提高传感器的稳定性;其次,由于反射谱面积正比于光强,这一方法将光栅的光谱解调转化为光强解调,简化了解调系统,便于现场实时测量。研究结果为保偏微结构光纤光栅在折射率传感器及其生物传感器方面的应用提供了理论依据。     

无自致啁啾布拉格光纤光栅的制作方法及原理

提出一种无自致啁啾效应的切趾布拉格光纤光栅的制作方法。利用有效介质法分析了利用光栅的周期变化来消除折射率切趾导致的自致啁啾，从而得到平均折射率和交流耦合系数都没有突变的切趾光栅。与均匀周期的高斯切趾光栅相比，这种光栅几乎没有旁瓣。最后给出了数值模拟结果。     

Self-imaging by a volume grating

The self-image phenomenon by a volume grating is proposed and theoretically analyzed. A theoretical model based on a path integral formulation to describe wave propagation through the grating inhomogeneous medium is applied. A modified version of the scalar diffraction theory Fresnel propagator is obtained which allows calculating the diffracted field amplitude by the grating. The proposed model is applied to amplitude and/or phase volume gratings. Remarkable features appear, in particular at the fractional Talbot distance 0.125z_T. In this case, if an in-phase real and imaginary grating modulation is considered a self-image intensity profile is observed for determined values of the absorptive and refractive parameters. On the other hand, a spatial comb intensity profile for a near half period shift between the real and imaginary grating modulations is found.     

3-光栅系统的干涉效应

本文用部份相干的观点提出并研究了三个独立光栅串联排列系统的干涉效应。用模糊函数导出了干涉条纹光强分布为三个光栅等效函数的联合卷积-相关积分。给出了条纹存在的光栅间距离和周期比条件。随光源光栅狭缝宽度的变化相应产生相干的Talbot效应、部份相干效应和非相干的Lau效应。部份相干条纹的波形随光栅的平移而变化。最后给出了实验验证。 关键词：     

基于变截面梁的光纤光栅线性无啁啾调谐

从理论上分析了利用变截面（等强度）弹性梁实现光纤光栅波长线性、无啁啾调谐的基本原理,给出了实现无啁啾波长调谐的弹性梁截面满足条件及其设计方案,并讨论了矩形等截面和变截面悬臂梁调谐方案的特点.理论分析与实验结果均表明,通过对变截面梁侧向施加载荷,可以实现光纤光栅中心波长的线性无啁啾调谐,且系统结构简单、易于设计.