基于束流的准直的初步实验研究

束流位置探头电中心相对于邻近四极磁铁磁中心的位置偏移,可以通过基于束流的准直技术加以确定,其准直精度可以比用传统的准直方法提高一个数量级.介绍了基于束流的准直的基本原理和在BEPC储存环上的初步实验结果,以及对今后进一步开展该项实验研究的设想.     

磁准直器测强流电子束亮度

本文介绍磁准直器测量束亮度的原理、方法、应用条件以及该方法应用于1.5MeV LIA(直线感应加速器)上的结果。并讨论了空间电荷效应对该方法的影响。     

上海软X射线自由电子激光束流准直

上海软X射线自由电子激光装置（SXFEL）对束流发射度增长的幅度有着较为严格的限制,传统的光学准直已经不能满足其要求。采用基于束流的准直方法可以实现更为精密的准直,使得直线加速器的准直误差进一步降低,以满足自由电子激光装置的要求。通过对不同条件下束流位置检测器（BPM）测得的数据采用最小二乘法算法进行计算分析,可以计算得到四极磁铁和BPM的准直误差,进而进行束流准直和轨道校正。基于以上原理,计算了各种元件误差对轨道和发射度造成的影响,同时基于Matlab平台设计了控制软件,模拟结果表明轨道偏离量可减少一个数量级。     

合肥光源利用电阻分流法的基于束流准直系统的研制

 介绍了合肥光源基于束流准直系统的研制,该系统利用可开关的电阻分流法构成,并采用固态继电器进行四极铁分流控制。利用该系统可以测量束流位置检测器的电中心相对相邻四极铁磁中心的位置偏移。给出了合肥光源基于束流准直系统的一些测量结果。     

BEPC基于束流准直的BPM OFFSET测量系统

束流轨道对加速器的运行很重要,为了能准确的测量束流的位置,有必要对束流位置监视器(BPM)本身进行快速,准确的准直.介绍在BEPC上用束流作为基准来测量BPM的零点偏差(OFFSET) .这套测量系统用辅助绕组来改变四极磁铁的强度,已经应用到BEPC上,并且取得一定效果.     

（n,2n）反应实验研究中的中子准直器设计

用3He球形4中子探测器,通过直接反应法可以对核素的（n,2n）反应截面进行测量。在此类实验中,要求对中子束进行很好的准直。好的准直器设计要求能够提高样品处的中子注量率的均匀性,同时保证中子束流边缘处的下降幅度,能够降低低能中子所占份额。本工作采用FLUKA和MCNPX对圆柱形准直器、单锥形准直器及三种不同斜率的双锥形准直器对中子注量率的均匀性和低能中子所占份额进行了对比研究,结果表明,低斜率的双锥形准直器可以满足实验对这两方面的要求。同时,在有样品和无样品两种条件下,对探测系统经由这五种不同准直器准直后的中子束流的响应做了对比,结果显示,经过低斜率的双锥形准直器准直的中子束流,探测系统在有样品时表现为较高的计数率,在无样品时表现为较低的本底。除此之外,对准直器出口处的斜率对准直效果的影响也做了比较。最终中子准直器选用为这种低斜率的双锥形准直器,材料选用为紫铜、不锈钢、聚乙烯和铅。准直孔开口处直径为2.64 cm,长度为137 cm,经准直后样品处的中子束斑直径为3.2 cm。     

适用于适形治疗与调强治疗的质子束流配送系统

描述一个适用于适形治疗和调强治疗的散射式质子束流配送系统.它利用双散射系统扩展质子束,利用程序控制的二进制射程调节器和搓板式调制器调节和调制质子射程,利用程序控制的多叶光阑和为每个患者特制的准直器进行束流准直.     

升级的合肥光源闭轨测量系统及其应用

 描述了合肥同步辐射光源二期工程中，电子储存环升级的闭轨测量系统及其在设备研制中的应用。介绍了性能稳定可靠的Bergoz束流位置监测电子学信号处理器。升级后的闭轨测量系统中处理电子学电路的束流位置分辨率可达1μm，系统误差小于10μm。整个测试系统的分辨率小于3μm。利用该高精度闭轨测量系统和基于束流准直系统完成了束流准直四极铁磁中心的测量，并和控制系统完成了储存环全环闭轨反馈校正试验。一个完整的束流位置监测系统已投入了在线运行，保障了为用户提供高稳定高品质的光源。     

“神龙一号”直线感应加速器多功能腔设计

 多功能腔集真空泵安装、束流过渡漂移、束流在线测量及方便机器检修等诸多功能于一体，是“神龙一号”加速器束流传输系统的一个关键部件。简要介绍了多功能腔设计中的磁轴准直、输运磁场的连续性以及横向阻抗几个关键问题，阐明了多功能腔的可维修特性和磁轴准直性能，分析了多功能腔对输运磁场连续性的影响，计算了多功能腔的低横向耦合阻抗，并提出了降低横向耦合阻抗的措施。多功能腔的应用简化了束流传输线的结构，提高了束流传输线的性能，将在“神龙一号”直线感应加速器的调试中起到非常重要的作用。     

北京自由电子激光器电子束截面监测系统

报告了北京自由电子激光器(BFEL)从30MeV直线加速器出口到摇摆磁铁出口束流输运段的束流截面监测系统。该系统由四台遥控气动可伸缩荧光屏探头、光学放大系统、闭路电视摄象系统及视频图象处理系统组成。利用该系统进行模拟实验,其系统空间分辨率约100μm,达到BFEL总体要求。利用该系统可以测量摇摆磁铁入口处及内部电子束和准直激光的截面、位置和畸变,进行束流准直、聚焦和发射度测量。     

Atom-dimer scattering for confined ultracold fermion gases

We solve the three-body problem of a quasi-one-dimensional ultracold Fermi gas with parabolic confinement length a (perpendicular) and 3D scattering length a. On the two-body level, there is a Feshbach-type resonance at a (perpendicular)/a approximately 1.46, and a dimer state for arbitrary a (perpendicular)/a. The three-body problem is shown to be universal, and described by the atom-dimer scattering length a(ad) and a range parameter b(ad). In the dimer limit a (perpendicular)/a>1, we find a repulsive zero-range atom-dimer interaction. For a (perpendicular)/a<-1, however, the potential has long range, with a(ad)>0 and b(ad)>a(ad). There is no trimer state, and despite a(ad)=0 at a( perpendicular)/a approximately 2.6, there is no resonance enhancement of the interaction.     

The analysis of impact forces in randomly vibrating elastic systems

This work is concerned with the characteristics of the impact force produced when two randomly vibrating elastic bodies collide with each other, or when a single randomly vibrating elastic body collides with a stop. The impact condition includes a non-linear spring, which may represent, for example, a Hertzian contact, and in the case of a single body, closed form approximate expressions are derived for the duration and magnitude of the impact force and for the maximum deceleration at the impact point. For the case of two impacting bodies, a set of algebraic equations are derived which can be solved numerically to yield the quantities of interest. The approach is applied to a beam impacting a stop, a plate impacting a stop, and to two impacting beams, and in each case a comparison is made with detailed numerical simulations. Aspects of the statistics of impact velocity are also considered, including the probability that the impact velocity will exceed a specified value within a certain time.     

Instability of traveling waves in an optical waveguide

Instability of traveling IR waves within a waveguide structure is discussed. A practical model of a traveling wave amplifier of a solid state is proposed, utilizing an optical waveguide. The mechanism of instability is interpreted in terms of an interaction between a plasmon wave and a circuit one under a constraining boundary condition. Properties of the traveling amplification and related problems are discussed, with appropriately suggested semiconductor materials and device designs. The features of the amplifier are a simple structure, a low DC biasing power dissipation for room-temperature operation, unidirectionality, and a wide wavelength range from IR or submillimeter order, suited to various applications.     

A string-modified four-dimensional gravity theory

The route from string theory to a ten-dimensional supergravity/super-Yang-Mills field theory is briefly illumined. The process of extracting a classical four-dimensional gravity theory from the ten-dimensional theory is discussed and a simple model containing gravity, electromagnetism, a dilaton field, and a Kalb-Ramond field is proposed. The equations of motion of a test particle in a background of gravity, dilation, and Kalb-Ramond fields are displayed. Some static spherically symmetric vacuum solutions are derived, and some astrophysical implications are discussed.     

污染气体扫描成像红外被动遥测技术研究

傅里叶变换红外光谱技术可实现大气中污染气体的远程被动遥测。而污染气团的位置和分布,对于有害气体泄露情况下泄露位置勘查和污染扩散态势的评估来说是至关重要的。据此设计了一套红外被动成像遥测系统,系统由傅里叶变换光谱仪、数据采集处理软件、扫描系统、可见光成像系统和计算机组成。以六氟化硫为示踪气体,开展了遥测验证实验。通过非线性最小二乘算法结合辐射传输计算反演获得了目标气体的柱浓度,并用伪彩色图显示其分布情况,最后以可见光图像叠加伪彩色柱浓度分布图的形式显示结果。实验分析表明,该系统具有高探测灵敏度,并以可视化和定量的方式显示污染的空间分布情况。     

Optical Microwave and Millimeter Generation by Using Birefringent Fiber FP Cavity with Pulse Laser Injection

A novel optical microwave and millimeter generation by using single mode fiber FP cavity (SMFFPC) with pulse laser injection is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The frequency of output signal is determined by the birefringence degree of the SMFFPC, a general relationship between output signal frequency of SMFFPC and birefringence degree of single mode fiber is derived. The proof of concept device consists of a light source, a polarizer controller, a modulator, a RF generator, a single mode fiber Fabry-Perot cavity, a strain inspector, an erbium doped fiber amplifier, a filter, a polarizer, and a digital communication analyzer. The results demonstrate the new concept of optical microwave and millimeter generation and the technical feasibility.     

Technological sources of charged particles with plasma emitters

At present, ion and electron beams, extensively used in industry, usually have a small cross section. Presented are generators of ion and electron flows with a large cross section using plasma emitters. These devices have a wide range of currents and voltages and are designed for metallurgical treatment and microelectronics. The author discusses a technological source of ions based on the vacuum-arc excited by a constricted discharge electron-beam installation with a large cross-section beam for microelectronics technology, a high-power electron-energy complex for heat treatment of manufactured articles and a generator of a low-energy, high-current electron beam with a plasma anode     

单电子在含有双能级原子的空腔中的输运行为

本文构造了一个含有双能级原子的空腔系统,用来模拟一个含有双能级量子点的微腔系统, 并研究其对电子输运行为的影响.通过对该系统输运方程的求解,给出了系统输运系数的具体表达式,然后通过调整空腔及原子的本征特性以及两者的耦合性质,研究了电子在腔体中的输运行为对腔体本征属性的依赖关系. 这些结果可以为如何操控电子在微观结构器件中的输运特性提供一定的理论支持.     

Lyapunov function as potential function： A dynamical equivalence

For a physical system, regardless of time reversal symmetry, a potential function serves also as a Lyapunov function, providing convergence and stability information. In this paper, the converse is constructively proved that any dynamics with a Lyapunov function has a corresponding physical realization: a friction force, a Lorentz force, and a potential function. Such construction establishes a set of equations with physical meaning for Lyapunov function and suggests new approaches on the significant unsolved problem namely to construct Lyapunov functions for general nonlinear systems. In addition, a connection is found that the Lyapunov equation is a reduced form of a generalized Einstein relation for linear systems, revealing further insights of the construction.     

Reconstruction of the acoustic impedance profile in a plate using an inverse spectral procedure

An inverse spectral procedure was applied to reconstruct the acoustic impedance profile along the thickness direction of a plate using its thickness resonance frequencies, density and thickness. For a successful reconstruction, the material-property profile must be symmetric about the mid-plane of the plate. Several cases of numerical simulations, including plates with a few layers and with a high number of layers are described. The calculated resonance frequencies were used to reconstruct the acoustic impedance profile, a process that was successful for all cases. We assume that a plate with a high number of layers, each with a different but constant acoustic impedance, simulates a plate with a smoothly varying acoustic impedance profile. It can be concluded that such a plate, which generates small, virtually undetectable, internally reflected waves, can also be reconstructed. In the special case of a plate of unknown thickness and unknown but constant density, the method is still useful, because a relative variation of the material property can be reconstructed using only the resonance frequencies. An experiment using a resonance-mode electromagnetic acoustic transducer (resonance-mode EMAT) is also described. EMAT is a non-contact ultrasonic method that can measure thickness resonance frequencies, making it appropriate for this method. Some examples of applications are measurement of the temperature profile inside a rolled metal sheet, measurement of a clad metal plate, and monitoring of a metal casting.