气相生长纳米碳纤维与聚合物复合材料的性能研究

气相生长纳米碳纤维/聚合物复合材料是一种性能优良的复合材料。与传统的聚合物导电复合材料相比这种材料表现出优良的电学性能,屏蔽效能与热性能。本文首先对气相生长纳米碳纤维的生产、性能做了总体的介绍,然后对影响气相生长纳米碳纤维/聚合物导电复合材料的电学性能、屏蔽效能以及热学性能的因素做了详细的阐述,特别强调了纳米纤维的分散分布程度、填充浓度和纵横比等方面的影响。本文还对熔融聚合、原位聚合和溶液聚合等加工方法对气相生长纳米碳纤维(VGCNF)/聚合物复合材料最终性能的影响进行了综述,着重介绍了影响气相生长纳米碳纤维/聚合物复合材料电学性能的因素,其中最重要的影响因素是加工方法和加工条件。     

超高压液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱仪的管理、维护与故障处理

超高压液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间串联质谱仪是分离鉴定复杂有机物组分的重要工具，如何使仪器保持良好的运行状态，同时延长其使用寿命、节约耗材、降低运行成本是至关重要的.对仪器的日常管理、维护与常见故障处理进行了总结介绍.     

巴豆醛气相选择性加氢催化剂

巴豆醛是α, β-不饱和醛中最具代表性的一类有机化合物,采用气相催化巴豆醛选择加氢制备巴豆醇符合原子经济和绿色化学要求,具有重要的工业应用和学术价值。本文综述了近十年国内外巴豆醛气相选择性加氢合成巴豆醇的负载型催化剂的研究成果,评述了贵金属催化剂(铂、金、铱、银、钯)和非贵金属催化剂(钴、铜)上巴豆醛选择性加氢性能,分析了活性组分、载体、助剂以及活性组分粒径对催化剂性能的影响,探讨了巴豆醛选择性加氢的反应机理和失活机理。最后,对气相巴豆醛选择性加氢催化剂所存在的问题进行总结,并对催化剂的发展趋势作出了展望。指出了非贵金属催化剂的巴豆醛选择性加氢性能因具有价廉易得等优势,将是该领域的研究方向之一。催化剂失活是巴豆醛气相选择性加氢工业化的最大障碍,因此研究和认识反应机理,解决催化剂失活问题是重点研究方向。     

固体氧化物燃料电池运行初期电化学性能演变机制

固体氧化物燃料电池(solid oxide fuel cell, SOFC)是一种清洁高效的发电装置, 其运行中的性能衰减受到众多因素的影响, 如何分辨这些因素的贡献、并在此基础上确定衰减的主导因素, 对于更有针对性地提升SOFC的运行寿命至关重要. 广泛的测试结果表明, SOFC的电化学性能在运行初期(约前100 h)会发生最为显著且复杂的变化, 但是对其演变机制还没有形成清晰的认识. 本工作基于电化学阻抗谱(electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS)分析方法分别研究了工业尺寸电池(100 cm²)和纽扣电池(0.45 cm²)在运行初期的电化学性能演变规律, 得到了关于电池性能和电极微观结构演变机制的一致性规律. 电池在运行初期依次经历活化阶段和老化阶段: 活化阶段阳极孔隙率增加、气相扩散过程改善, 电池性能逐渐上升; 老化阶段阳极Ni颗粒发生烧结团聚, 有效三相界面长度显著降低, 阳极界面反应过程劣化, 电池性能逐渐下降. 各阶段的持续时间、性能变化幅度会受到电池制备工艺的影响. 本工作提出的运行初期电化学性能演变机制能够为进一步研究SOFC的长期稳定性奠定基础.     

聚硅氧烷富勒烯固相微萃取涂层的性能

高分子聚硅氧烷富勒烯首次被用作固相微萃取涂层材料,利用顶空固相萃取气相色谱法对该涂层进行了评价。与商用的聚二甲基硅氧烷相比,自制涂层在选择性、灵敏度、热稳定性、使用寿命及萃取量等方面的性能均优于商用聚二甲基硅氧烷。     

9-取代基咔唑化合物在气相色谱分离中的固定相选择

气相色谱中固定相的选择是决定色谱分离效果的关键性问题,迄今尚缺乏完整的理论指导。9-取代基咔唑化合物具有优良的光电导性能,近来已引起人们广泛的注意,但有关这类化合物的气相色谱分析研究尚未见有文献报导,因此在固定相的选择上缺乏借鉴。本文在分离咔唑系列化合物过程中,按照它们的色谱行为,探讨了这些分子的特性,并据此顺利地选出了能达到预期分离效果的色谱柱。     

仪器信息网”耗材配件”栏目介绍

仪器信息网“耗材配件”是专注于仪器耗材和配件展示的栏目,自2004年上线以来,受到广大用户和厂商的极大关注．该栏目汇聚了安捷伦科技、岛津、迪马科技、上海安谱、博纳艾杰尔等国内外600多家知名厂家的近20万条产品信息．“耗材配件”栏目同时提供了最新的产品促销信息,帮助广大用户采购到更优惠的耗材配件产品．     

NH4β分子筛上NO的低温催化还原

以离子交换法制备的NH4β分子筛为催化剂,考察在无氨、有氨及SO2存在等不同条件下NO低温选择催化还原性能,并通过程序升温分解反应研究NH+4消耗引起的催化剂失活,NH3程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)研究催化剂的再生性能,为开发无氨或气相间隙喷氨脱除NOx的新过程奠定基础.     

快速气相色谱研究

近年来快速气相色谱(HSGC)技术备受关注。本文根据色谱理论和实际应用中的特点对其进行了系统的分类和评价,阐述了如何针对具体样品选择分析方法和通过调整仪器的配置、参数以及性能来实现特定的快速分析。最后提出了HSGC未来的发展趋势。     

快速气相色谱研究

近年来快速气相色谱(HSGC)技术备受关注.本文根据色谱理论和实际应用中的特点对其进行了系统的分类和评价, 阐述了如何针对具体样品选择分析方法和通过调整仪器的配置、参数以及性能来实现特定的快速分析.最后提出了HSGC未来的发展趋势.     

Bio-electrocatalysis of NADH and ethanol based on graphene sheets modified electrodes

Characterization and application of graphene sheets modified glassy carbon electrodes (graphene/GC) have been presented for the electrochemical bio-sensing. A probe molecule, potassium ferricyanide is employed to study the electrochemical response at the graphene/GC electrode, which shows better electron transfer than graphite modified (graphite/GC) and bare glassy carbon (GC) electrodes. Based on the highly enhanced electrochemical activity of NADH, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is immobilized on the graphene modified electrode and displays a more desirable analytical performance in the detection of ethanol, compared with graphite/GC or GC based bio-electrodes. It also exhibits good performance of ethanol detection in the real samples. From the results of electrochemical investigation, graphene sheets with a favorable electrochemical activity could be an advanced carbon electrode materials for the design of electrochemical sensors and biosensors.     

XPS investigations of electrolyte/electrode interactions for various Li-ion battery materials

For future Li-ion battery applications the search for both new design concepts and materials is necessary. The electrodes of the batteries are always in contact with electrolytes, which are responsible for the transport of Li ions during the charging and discharging process. A broad range of materials is considered for both electrolytes and electrodes so that very different chemical interactions between them can occur, while good cycling behavior can only be obtained for stable solid-electrolyte interfaces. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study the most relevant interactions between various electrode materials in contact with different electrolyte solutions. It is shown how XPS can provide useful information on reactivities and thus preselect suitable electrode/electrolyte combinations, prior to electrochemical performance tests.     

Quality control in residual solvent analysis: the static headspace gas chromatographic method

 Residual solvent testing of raw materials and drug products constitutes part of a quality control programme. Static headspace gas chromatography (HS/GC) is suggested in current pharmacopoeias as a general tool for residual solvent testing. But the main obstacles to using HS/GC procedures are the absence of performance tests, suitable reference solvents and matrix standards, and reference methods. Harmonized regulations for residual solvent testing allow the use of a cumulative approach to estimate the residual solvent content in drug products. The supplier data may be appropriate. Therefore, in a quality control programme the main accent is put on the definition of specification limits (in accordance with toxicological data, and the influence of residual solvents on the physical properties and stability of the product) and supplier qualification. This paper focuses on two main problems linked to supplier qualification: system performance and matrix effect. HS/GC of a mixture containing solvents of different volatility and polarity is proposed as a performance test. The test can be done in three ways in accordance with the residual solvents characteristics, the test sample solubility and the specification levels required. The use of the test as a diagnostic tool is demonstrated and sources of uncertainty of the recovery determination are discussed. Received: 12 December 1998 · Accepted: 25 January 1999     

A new type of triptycene-based stationary phases with alkylated benzimidazolium cations for gas chromatographic separations

The new type of triptycene-based stationary phases with alkylated benzimidazolium cations shows high selectivity towards aromatic isomers.     

Characterisation of proteinaceous binders in artistic paintings by chromatographic techniques

This review discusses the application of chromatographic techniques (GC, HPLC and Py-GC) for the characterisation of proteinaceous materials in artistic paintings. The focus is on the various analytical steps that are needed to determine these natural materials in paint samples, from sampling and sample pre-treatment, including various methods of hydrolysis and derivatisation for GC and HPLC, to approaches for data evaluation.     

气相色谱固定相研究新进展

发展高选择性固定相是实现气相色谱(GC)高效分离样品组分及其分析测定的关键。近年,材料科学的快速发展促进了新型色谱固定相的研究和应用。该文综述了近5年有关多孔材料、石墨烯及类似物、三聚茚类材料和蝶烯类材料等作为GC固定相的研究进展,并对GC固定相研究进行了总结和展望。     

Comparison of Different Analytical Methods for Volatile and Odour-Active Substances in Polyolefins

Emissions of volatiles of polymeric materials are an important parameter for materials characterisation, and gain more and more importance either by their odour activity or by other undesired behaviour. Currently, numerous methods are applied for the determination of volatiles, but all of them use gas chromatography (GC) with different detectors. The information gained by flame ionisation detection (FID) is the total emitted volatiles expressed as a sum value, but no further deeper information is provided. Additionally, due to different sample amounts, preparation, way of sampling and GC parameters, results cannot be compared to each other. Also, determination of single sum values by integrating the total area of volatiles is of little help for material development due to the lack of detailed information about chemical composition, and other methods have to be applied. Other compounds of interest such as odour-active ones turn up in only very small amounts and cannot be detected by these methods as an extensive analytical sample preparation is necessary. We compare results obtained by different sample preparation techniques used in industrial standards (VDA 277 and VDA278) to scientific alternatives such as Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) coupled to GC with mass spectrometry (MS) and Simultaneous Distillation/Extraction SDE coupled to GC-MS to demonstrate capabilities and applicability of each method.     

Comparability of data for natural radionuclides in marine sediment obtained by different analytical techniques

In the paper are presented results of potassium, uranium, thorium and radium measurements performed on the natural marine sediment sample SD-N-1/2 in the framework of the IAEA-organized worldwide intercomparison exercise. Analytical methods applied in this exercise were evaluated for performance and significance of the observed discrepancies are discussed in the light of statistical and operative criteria. Possible sources of error have been identified in alpha and gamma spectrometric measurements and suggestions are given about how to avoid them. Well characterized reference materials based on natural matrices have been shown helpful in achieving better data comparability in low level measurements of environmental radioactivity.     

Evaluating and managing the sustainability of investments in green and sustainable chemistry: An overview of sustainable finance approaches and tools

Green chemistry (GC) was developed to maximise resource efficiency and minimise hazards in chemical processes and products. Over time, the approach evolved into green and sustainable chemistry (GSC), which aims at promoting the development of an ecologically friendly society. GSC encourages society's reliance on sustainable materials and technologies/processes and supports the ambitious sustainability targets set by international organisations. It also steers public attention to the provision of sustainable solutions for producers, consumers and investors. Since GSC implementation requires significant financial investment, this paper describes a broad range of approaches and tools to assess the sustainability of potential investments and shows, although with a primary focus on environmental sustainability, how life cycle approaches could be used to define enhanced key performance indicators. Thus, the paper may serve as a useful reference for: (i) chemical companies interested in evaluating the sustainability performance of activities requiring financial investment, and (ii) investors interested in evaluating the sustainability of potential financial investments.     

Haze and opacity control in polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films with phase separation method

Polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) are materials composed of liquid crystal microdroplets dispersed in a polymer matrix. Their electro-optic properties make them useful for applications as large-area electrically switchable architectural windows (smart windows). For these applications, the key parameters of performance are the haze (both normal and offaxis) and the opacity. In the present work we show how it is possible to prepare a high performance smart window by controlling the haze and opacity of PDLC films using the polymer induced phase separation (PIPS) method.