叶片锯齿尾缘对降低空调室外机气动噪声影响的试验研究

依据现有的叶片尾迹宽度计算公式,计算了一空调室外机风机叶片的尾迹宽度,然后,以此尾迹宽度为参考基准,设计了两组不同形状和大小的锯齿形叶片尾缘,制作并试验研究了锯齿形尾缘对风机气动噪声的影响规律。结果表明,锯齿尾缘有明显降噪效果,正弦形锯齿较正三角形更好。锯齿尾缘通过降低宽频噪声降噪,而对离散噪声影响很小。采用与叶片尾迹...     

正弦锯齿尾缘对轴流风机尾迹及气动性能的影响

轴流风机尾缘涡脱落是产生噪声的重要因素,为改善尾迹流动来降低风机噪声,通过在轴流风机尾缘添加一种正弦形锯齿结构,采用定常及非定常数值模拟的手段结合实验验证的方式,分析其对轴流风机尾迹和气动性能的影响。研究结果显示,正弦锯齿结构削弱了叶片尾缘做功能力,使得风机全压降低,但提升了中小流量工况下风机效率;并能减弱叶片中部以下位置的尾迹强度,且对尾迹的抑制作用从叶片部底到中部逐渐减弱;以增加转速的方式补偿锯齿结构引起的压损,对原型风机和提升转速后的尾缘锯齿结构风机在设计流量点进行噪声数值预测分析,结果显示低频段噪声比原型机有明显改善,表明这种尾缘正弦形锯齿结构一定程度上是一种抑制轴流风机低频噪声的有效途径。     

串列式叶栅扩压器非定常流动研究

采用数值模拟方法,对串列式叶栅扩压器中的非定常流动进行了研究。结果表明,带串列式叶栅扩压器的离心压气机内部流动是以强非定常的三维黏性主流和缝隙流动为主要特征,串列式叶栅扩压器内部流动存在明显的非定常性,压力脉动的传播在前排叶栅通道内衰减很快。扩压器前排叶片通道内压力脉动的主频为叶轮叶片通过频率。后排叶片前缘附近压力脉动的主频变为0.5倍叶频。串列式叶栅扩压器进口的压力脉动主要受到叶轮的激励作用;串列叶栅间隙处,随主流输运而来的叶轮尾迹与缝隙流、前排叶片尾迹相互干扰与叠加,成为后排叶片前缘压力脉动新的激励。相比于近叶根、叶尖处,前排叶片前缘中间叶高处的压力脉动受到叶轮主流和分流叶片尾迹的激励作用更强烈。     

非定常尾迹控制叶栅分离研究

本文采用大涡模拟对某大转角叶栅的非定常分离流动及其在非定常尾迹作用下的分离控制机理进行了数值分析。主要捕捉了两个特征频率:分离泡不稳定频率f_shear和尾缘脱落涡频率f_shed,研究了不同的激励频率、尾迹移动方向、随机脉动等激励特征控制流动分离的效果。结果显示:特定外部频率强化了分离剪切层中的K-H展向涡结构,f_shed能同时影响分离区域和尾涡区域,f_shear只能作用于分离区域;尾迹从吸力面向压力面移动时,分离结构表现出对来流周期性更明显的响应;进口随机脉动对破坏K-H展向涡结构非常有效。     

基于SBES方法的压气机叶片动态载荷研究

针对RANS湍流模型对流场中分离涡的模拟精度不足,导致无法准确计算出分离涡引起的叶片动态载荷问题,本文采用混合RANS-LES湍流模型中的SBES方法,对带进口导叶的NASA Stage67压气机进行了流固耦合数值模拟,研究上游叶片尾迹脱落涡、叶尖泄漏涡引起的压气机叶片动态载荷及气弹响应特征,并将SBES方法和SST湍流模型的计算结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,SBES方法相比SST湍流模型能更准确地模拟出叶片尾迹脱落涡、叶尖泄漏涡的详细结构,计算的叶片表面动态载荷波动特征更加复杂,频谱中频率成分更加丰富。两种湍流模型计算的导叶尾迹扫掠引起的转子叶片高频气弹响应幅值相近,而在计算流场中大尺度分离涡引起的叶片低频气弹响应幅值上存在很大差异。     

叶片尾缘切削对离心压缩机气动性能的影响

以一高压比离心压缩机为研究对象,对叶轮叶片尾缘的压力面和吸力面分别进行切削,采用CFD技术研究了叶片尾缘切削对叶轮及压缩机性能的影响。研究结果表明,叶片尾缘切削改变了压力面或吸力面的出口安装角和叶轮出口流场,压力面切削降低叶轮及压缩机级压比,增加压缩机级效率。吸力面切削使叶轮及压缩机级压比增加,但对效率影响很小。压力面和吸力面切削产生的影响均与切削长度和切削厚度有关,存在最佳切削长度和最佳切削厚度。     

前缘弯掠子午加速叶轮尾缘脱落涡的研究

本文采用DPIV实验研究方法,在不同转速工况下,对开式前缘弯掠子午加速风扇转子叶尖涡在叶轮尾缘的脱落流动现象进行了测量.结果表明:在不同转速下,转子尾缘处均存在明显的叶尖涡流动现象.该叶尖脱落涡流动现象具有相似性,随着转速的增大,叶尖涡区和吸力面之间的径向速度差增大,叶尖涡强度随转速增加而增强.随着转速的增大,叶尖涡和主流相互作用加剧,涡量负值增大,叶尖涡影响区域也逐渐扩大.径向速度梯度同样随转速增大而增大的结果,增强了叶尖涡对尾迹区作用的影响.最后,本文通过CFD对该开式风扇叶尖涡流动现象进行模拟,其结果给出了相似的叶尖涡在转子尾缘脱落流动现象,为前缘弯掠开式子午加速风扇在户室中央空调室外机上的应用和风机系统的优化设计及其降噪研究提供了重要的内流数据.     

缘线匹配对非定常流动影响初探

为深化缘线匹配对叶轮机非定常流动影响的认识,本文以关注尾迹撞击叶表展向轨迹为出发点,围绕缘线匹配对叶轮机非定常流动及性能影响进行了初步数值探索.研究表明:不同缘线匹配时叶片整体性能参数具有不同的脉动水平;给定缘线匹配下,整体性能参数脉动幅值随工况几乎不变或变化很缓;在设计点为达到降低某种脉动目的而实施的缘线匹配在非设计点同样有效;尽管微弱,数值模拟中还发现缘线匹配对上游尾迹随流掺混产生影响;缘线匹配严重影响时均相关项量值水平,尤其在叶尖、叶根和前缘附近.     

贯流风机涡结构与噪声特性的数值研究

本文采用大涡模拟对空调室内机中贯流风机的内流进行了数值计算,结果显示了以偏心涡为代表的复杂非定常流动细节.计算结果表明,贯流风机气流两次进出叶轮,叶片尾缘、蜗舌处出现明显的脱落涡结构.叶轮周围监测点上出现了三个特征频率,分别对应叶片通过频率、叶片脱落涡频率以及蜗舌后缘的脱落涡频率,不同的特征点上表现出不同的频谱特性.另外,通过LEE方程中的声源项分布得到了贯流风机的主要噪声源区域,继而对蜗舌和叶轮等主要音源表面的远场辐射噪声频谱进行了分析,为后续的实验研究提供参考.     

对转超音压气机低压转子尾迹对高压转子的作用研究

本文采用数值方法针对对转超音压气机转子叶片排间的相互干涉效应进行了研究,分析了超音转子在两级转子叶片排间具有三种不同轴向间距情况下的性能和前排转子叶片尾迹影响下的超音转子非定常特征。研究结果表明,轴向间距的增大使得尾迹在较长的间距内经过了较为充分的掺混,超音转子最大压比和最高效率随轴向间距的变大而增大;前排叶片尾迹的影响范围从超音转子叶片压力面直至吸力面,横贯整个叶片通道,较高叶展处的尾迹强于较低叶展处;横贯超音转子通道内的低压动叶尾迹先后与斜激波和正激波相互作用,尾迹区内熵进一步增大,并且由于尾迹区的传播速度由主流速度决定,尾迹在通道内继续向下游传播且传播显著延迟于通道外。     

Vortex shedding noise of low tip speed,axial flow fans

Noise and performance tests were conducted on three low tip speed, half-stage, axial flow fans to determine the nature of the vortex shedding noise mechanism. Each fan was 356 mm in diameter and had eight equally spaced, variable pitch blades. The noise measurements were made in a free field environment and the fan back pressure and speed were varied during the tests. An acenaphthene coating on the blades was used to determine the regions of laminar and turbulent flow.Vortex shedding can be a significant source of noise when the fan is operated in a lightly loaded condition. Essentially it is due to instabilities in the laminar boundary layer on the suction side of the blade where these instabilities are in the form of Tollmien-Schlichting (T-S) waves. These instabilities interact with the trailing edge of the blade and generate acoustic waves which radiate from the trailing edge and form a feedback loop with the source of the instabilities. Vortex shedding noise can contribute as much as 5 dB in overall noise level and up to 22 dB at higher frequencies (8–14 kHz).Serrations located at the leading edge, at the mid-chord, or near the trailing edge on the suction side were found to reduce the vortex shedding noise significantly. The mid-chord location was found to be the most satisfactory because, as well as eliminating the noise, the serrations provided a 3% improvement in peak efficiency. This improvement occurred because separation of the laminar boundary layer was prevented on the suction side. On the other hand, serrations placed at the other two locations tended to degrade fan performance.     

The excitation of acoustic resonances by vortex shedding

A single acoustic resonance, excited by vortex shedding from the trailing edge of a flat plate, has been studied in detail. The resonance was generated in the working section of a low-speed wind tunnel and the scale was large enough for accurate measurements to be made. The trailing edge was designed so that it could be made to oscillate slightly to simulate the correlating effect of the resonance on the vortex shedding.     

轴流压气机小流量状态转子叶尖泄漏涡的三维流动

用三维激光多普勒测速系统测量了低速大尺寸单级压气机小流量状态转子内尖区三维紊流流场。小流量状态下叶尖泄漏涡产生于更靠近转子叶片前缘,旋涡强度大,发展迅速,在转子内距离前缘约２０％轴向弦长的截面达到最强,在８０％轴向弦长附近发生破裂。泄漏涡是造成转子内尖区流动阻塞和紊流脉动的主要因素之一。在约７５％弦长的轴向截面,吸力面角区发生旋涡流动,造成较强的流动阻塞和紊流脉动。     

轴流压气机时尖泄漏涡的时均流动

用三维激光多普勒测速系统测量研究低速大尺寸单级压气机设计状态转子内尖区流场．结果表明，泄漏流在气流一进入转子叶片通道就开始发生，发生于前半弦长，其诱导形成的泄漏涡约在30％弦长处达到最强，随后逐渐衰减，其涡核顺下游慢慢向压力面方向和低时高方向移动，涡核在转子出口移至通道中部．泄漏涡影响区域沿流向逐渐扩大，并向压力面方向和低叶高方向移动．设计状态叶尖泄漏涡在转子尖区流动中起主要作用，是造成尖部流动阻塞的主要因素．     

Flow structure of the entrance of a T-junction duct without/with a circular cylinder

The flow characteristics of the trailing edge of vertical vanes installed at the intersection of a T-junction duct were experimentally investigated using particle image velocimetry. The measured velocity field in the branch duct with/without single circular cylinder was studied under different cross velocities and velocity ratios. Additionally, the effect of the locations of cylinder on the flow field was discussed. The positive velocity region, the unsteady flow region and the trailing edge flow region of the vane, have been observed. The positive velocity region existed in almost one half of the measured area. As for the unsteady flow region, the unstable double-vortex structure transformed into a single-vortex structure as the velocity ratio increased. As for the trailing edge flow region of the vanes, the vortex streets could be visualised. Furthermore, the location of cylinder has revealed significant influence on the flow distributions in the trailing edge flow regions of the vanes. The flow structure without cylinder in the measured area is dependent on combinations of the cross velocity and velocity ratio, whereas that with cylinder is dependent on the velocity ratio. The vorticity fields were analysed in each region, and the velocity components revealed the cause of airflow trajectory.     

叶片尾缘掠型对离心压气机特性影响研究

针对叶片尾缘掠型对离心压气机特性影响开展了数值仿真与试验验证的研究工作,详细分析了尾缘掠型对压气机特性的影响规律和压气机叶轮内部流动特征,研究结果表明:尾缘掠型能够提升压气机出口的总压,使离心压气机压比变高,自由掠叶型相比于斜掠叶型,压比会进一步提升。叶片尾缘掠型能够有效抑制尾缘流动分离与叶间泄漏效应的结合效果,降低流动分离强度和分离区域,提升叶轮的稳定工作范围与效率。试验验证结果表明采用自由掠型尾缘叶轮,压比随着转速的升高提升幅度变大,最多提升了9.14%,喘振线明显向左偏移,运行流量范围拓宽。尾缘掠型能够有效提升压气机压比和稳定工作范围,是改善压气机特性的有效手段。     

Flow-resonant sound interaction in a duct containing a plate,part I: Semi-circular leading edge

The interaction between flow and flow-induced acoustic resonances near rigid plates with semi-circular leading edges located in a hard-walled duct is described. These plates generate acoustic resonances over flow velocity ranges depending on thickness, chord and trailing edge geometry, together with rigidity, internal dimensions, length of the working section and shape of the terminations of the working section. A potential flow model for the plate with a smooth leading edge is developed, and the acoustic power generated by vortices growing and shedding from the trailing edge is calculated. The rate of growth of the vortices is determined by an instantaneous Kutta condition applied over part of the cycle. This technique simulates the influence of the sound field on vortex growth.     

轴流风机转子通道内尖区三维流场

1引言高性能叶轮机研制的困难在于对其内部尤其是转子内以三维旋涡流动、湍流和非定常流为特征的复杂流动缺乏深入的了解和预估。利用热丝热膜、压力探针测量转子通道内流场需要有复杂的旋转位移机构和信号传输系统，文献[1]、文献[2]等利用旋转探针技术获得了反映压气机转子内三维流动的很宝贵的实验数据。激光多普勒测速技术（LDV）以测量的非接触式和动态的本质，能在不干扰流场的情况下，在固定参考系测量旋转部件中的流动。自从LDV成功地用于测量压气机转子内的流动以来[3]，这项技术近年来有了长足的进步[4]。文献[5]用一台一维、…     

Visualization of aerodynamic noise source around a rotating fan blade

The purpose of this study is to understand the aerodynamic noise source distribution around a rotating fan blade by measuring the noise signal and velocity field around the blade. The local noise-level distribution over the fan blade is measured by microphone arrays, and the flow field is visualized by smoke and phase-averaged PIV measurement. The noise source distribution is examined by cross-correlation analysis between noise signal and velocity fluctuation. It is found that the noise source is located near the rotating fan blade, especially around leading and trailing edges. The separation and reattachment of flow are observed near the leading edge, and the tip vortices and vortex shedding are found near the trailing edge. The cross-correlation distribution of the noise signal and the radial velocity fluctuation shows large magnitude in the correlated regions, which indicates the noise generation by the formation of vortex structure around the blade.