金属基复合高温相变储热材料制备与性能研究

本文以二元共晶碳酸盐(Li_2CO_3-K_2CO_3)为高温相变储热材料,泡沫金属铜为骨架基体,制备了具有高导热性能、高储热密度的金属基复合高温相变储热材料。对复合材料制备过程中泡沫金属的填埋方式等制备条件进行了优选,对相变材料的储热密度及导热系数进行了计算和测试,分析了泡沫铜孔密度、孔隙率等参数对材料性能的影响规律。结果表明:40 PPI泡沫金属在相变材料中的最佳填埋方式为中埋法,35 PPI泡沫金属的最佳填埋方式为底埋法。使用孔隙率在95%左右的泡沫铜,可使相变材料导热系数提高3~4倍,同时保证了复合相变材料具有较高的储热密度。     

相变填充床熔盐斜温层储热系统梯级储热特性

本文建立了双层相变材料熔盐斜温层储热系统的传热储热数值模型，分析了相变材料熔点/位置/含量/比例对储热系统斜温层厚度、流固温差和有效热效率等参数的影响规律。结果表明，由于相变材料的存在，储热系统斜温层分为高温斜温层，低温斜温层和相变层，出口温度出现三个平台，储热系统形成热能梯级输出，使有效放热效率升高。相变材料位置直接影响储热系统性能，高熔点相变材料靠近出口，提高了中高温段放热量。下层填充物占罐体高度比为0.15时，有效放热效率比单层时提高3%～10%。     

纳米组装相变储热材料的热设计前沿

本文简单回顾了固液相变储热材料发展历程,重点针对纳米多孔定形相变材料,从材料层面的研发设计,到热物理层面的微观限域空间负载、结晶、导热机理,乃至围绕异相/异质匹配提出的显著提升相变蓄传热性能的强化手段进行了总结.同时,指出了目前受制于单一尺度孔径无法兼顾储释热的密度和速率的现状,并探讨在此基础上借助新型多级尺度孔径的骨架材料以突破瓶颈的可能.最后,系统梳理了与之伴随的一系列亟待解决的科学问题、机遇和挑战.     

改良六水氯化钙相变材料的制备及性能

选取CaCl_2·6H_2O相变材料为研究对象,通过实验对相变材料的制备过程进行了优化改进,得到CaCl_2·6H_2O相变材料质量配比为43.39%H_2O+45.76%Ca Cl2+8.15%Sr Cl2·6H_2O+2.7%CMC,材料蓄放热稳定,无过冷度,无明显相分离现象,测得相变温度为28.6℃,相变潜热为169.5k J/kg。最优例材料经过100次循环稳定性测试后,相变温度降低了0.8℃,出现1.4℃的过冷度,但仍表现出良好的热稳定性。实验发现纳米粒子的添加对材料的导热性能有显著的提高,且当4种纳米粒子的质量百分数均为0.2%时,复合材料的导热系数大小依次为MWCNTCuAl_2O_3TiO_2,其中添加MWCNT的导热系数达到0.7480W/(m·K),比原材料导热系数提高了31.5%。     

热管式相变储热装置的工况切换与效率研究

提出一种热管式的相变储热装置,采用集总参数法,深入考虑热管内部的汽-液耦合特征、储放热工况切换过程中的流动与传热特征,在Simulink环境中搭建了热管式相变储热装置的动态模型。定义了装置的无量纲温差,研究了其对装置储-放热工况切换速率的影响;揭示了影响装置的储热效率、放热效率的关键因素及规律。结果表明,工况切换时的无量纲温差越大,装置的响应速率越慢;在热管工作极限之内,合理地分配各管段的热阻,可以有效地提高装置的储热效率和放热效率。     

相变材料介质阻断电池热失控传播特性研究

针对锂离子电池热失控传播问题,以石蜡/膨胀石墨复合相变材料为电池模组热管理介质,建立电池热失控传播二维数值计算模型。通过改变膨胀石墨与石蜡的质量分数得到不同导热系数与相变焓的复合材料,探究关键设计参数对电池热失控传播的阻断特性。研究结果表明相变材料能够有效延缓甚至阻断热失控的传播,当导热系数较低或较高(如0.3和21.01 W·m^-1·K^-1)时皆能阻断热失控传播,对于中间导热系数材料的模组,首次热失控传播时间间隔随导热系数升高而增加,而后续传播间隔随着导热系数升高而减小。     

基于LBM的多孔陶瓷有效热导率和相变传热分析

多孔氮化铝陶瓷具有高导热、耐熔盐腐蚀等优点在相变材料封装方面具有较大应用前景。本文采用微米计算机断层扫描(CT)得多孔氮化铝的灰度图像,并精准重构三维孔隙结构。并采用四参数随机生长、堆积颗粒、维诺结构等数值方法建立结构模型。基于介观尺度的格子玻尔兹曼方法 (LBM),计算了多孔陶瓷的有效热导率,结果表明维诺结构与CT真实重构的热导率接近。采用三维焓法LBM模拟了多孔骨架内的相变传热过程,获得了孔隙尺度对流相变的传热机理,并分析了不同孔隙率时的储热密度和复合材料的有效热导率。基于CT扫描和LBM的相变传热模拟有助于快速分析骨架的热特性,为多孔骨架的设计提供理论基础。     

带环状翅片管式相变储热器的数值模拟

相变材料的低导热性是相变储热器传热过程的主要障碍。在相变材料侧进行强化,是目前提升相变储热器蓄热速率的主要方法。本文采用有限容积法对带有环状翅片的管式相变储热器的蓄热过程进行了数值模拟,得到了温度场、相界面随时间的变化。在此基础上,本文对翅片导热系数、翅片厚度和翅片间距等影响储热速率的因素进行了计算和分析。为相变储热器的优化设计提供了一定的参考。     

纳米金属-赤藻糖醇蓄热体系的研究

移动供热技术的关键在于蓄热材料。针对当前移动供热技术中,相变材料导热系数低、相变温度低、放热不稳定等不足,本文设计开发了一种新型纳米复合蓄热相变材料。研究了纳米铜、纳米锌、纳米铁、纳米镍和纳米铝对赤藻糖醇的蓄热性能影响,运用时间曲线法确定纳米铜作为基材的添加物。采用超声振荡预处理和添加分散剂等方法,发现按1:1添加的油酸与十二烷基硫酸钠二元混合物8 h无沉降。对纳米铜质量分数不同的六个纳米铜赤藻糖醇样本材料性能进行测定,结果表明添加0.4%的纳米铜赤藻糖醇过冷度下降89.5%,潜热值下降0.3%,固态、液态导热系数分别增大2.8倍和3.3倍。     

基于傅里叶红外光谱的癸酸-棕榈酸/SiO_2相变储湿复合材料制备机理研究

根据前期在相变储湿复合材料制备方面取得的成果,以SiO_2为载体材料、癸酸-棕榈酸为相变材料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备癸酸-棕榈酸/SiO_2相变储湿复合材料。采用傅里叶红外光谱仪对癸酸-棕榈酸/SiO_2相变储湿复合材料制备过程各阶段的合成物质进行测试,即相变材料制备阶段、SiO_2载体材料制备阶段和癸酸-棕榈酸/SiO_2相变储湿复合材料制备阶段。研究SiO_2基相变储湿复合材料制备过程中SiO_2网络结构形成机理、癸酸-棕榈酸嵌入方式、癸酸-棕榈酸与SiO_2嵌合机理,阐明溶胶-凝胶法制备癸酸-棕榈酸/SiO_2相变储湿复合材料的相关机理。同时采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对癸酸-棕榈酸/SiO_2相变储湿复合材料的物质组成和微观形貌进行测试,以佐证癸酸-棕榈酸/SiO_2相变储湿复合材料的制备机理。结果表明:通过Si—O—Si基团断裂与重组形成大量闭合孔或笼有效地将癸酸-棕榈酸包覆,从而制备形成癸酸-棕榈酸/SiO_2相变储湿复合材料;在癸酸-棕榈酸/SiO_2相变储湿复合材料制备过程中癸酸-棕榈酸与SiO_2仅仅为物理嵌合,未发生任何化学反应;癸酸-棕榈酸/SiO_2相变储湿复合材料中SiO_2形成大量闭合孔或笼,一部分用于包覆癸酸-棕榈酸,发挥相变调温性能,另一部分利用其网络空隙结构,发挥储湿调湿性能,从而达到同时调节室内温度和湿度的目的。     

Preparation,characterization, and performance study of beeswax/expanded graphite composite as thermal storage material

In this study, beeswax as a new energy storage material and its composite with expanded graphite were prepared and characterized for their surface and thermal properties. Surface characterization showed no chemical interaction between beeswax and expanded graphite. The thermal conductivity of the composite was improved with 117% enhancement. The thermal performance of beeswax and its composite as a heat storage material was studied in a rectangular shell-and-tube thermal storage unit. The melting point of the composite remained almost same as that of beeswax; however, the melting time was reduced considerably, from 540 to 360 min with inlet water at 80°C and a 2-lpm flow rate.     

空调蓄冷材料研究现状及其新进展

分析了空调蓄冷材料研究现状及存在的一些问题 ,提出研制一种新型空调复合蓄冷材料 ,通过实验 ,分析该蓄冷材料的融点、融解热等热学性能。并通过实验研究寻找到了一种新型空调蓄冷材料 ,测试结果表明该蓄冷材料具有较高的相变潜热、适宜的相变温度和较好的热稳定性 ,因此可被应用于蓄冷空调系统中。     

纳米石墨烯片-正十八烷复合相变材料制备及热物性研究

本文分别制备了纳米石墨烯片质量分数为0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%的纳米石墨烯片-正十八烷复合相变材料,并通过扫描电镜测试、红外光谱分析、差示扫描量热实验及导热分析等实验对其形貌结构及热物性进行表征和研究.实验表明本文制备的纳米石墨烯-正十八烷复合相变材料具有很好的相变稳定性;当纳米石墨烯片的质量分数达到2%时,复合相变材料的导热系数相对于纯十八烷高出了89.4%.     

Study on the properties of a novel shape-stable epoxy resin sealed expanded graphite/paraffin composite PCM and its application in buildings

In this study, a novel phase change material (PCM) of epoxy resin sealed expanded graphite/paraffin composite was developed as an independent attachment for building applications. A relatively high thermal energy storage density and a high thermal conductivity (2.141?W/(m·K)) were obtained in the composite PCM. The mass fraction of paraffin in the composite PCM could reach 94% without leakage of liquid paraffin when being heated at 50°C for more than 3 h, and the thermal cycle stability was good. Moreover, the thermal storage and release properties of this composite PCM with different thicknesses were studied by numerical simulation. The results showed that the thermal storage and release time are proportional to the thickness of the composite PCM, and there was almost no temperature gradient during the thermal storage and release process, which indicated that the thermal conductivity of this kind of composite PCM was high enough for building applications.     

石墨烯气凝胶复合相变材料的热物性研究

相变材料利用其相变潜热能力可吸收储存和释放利用热量,同时在相变过程中其温度浮动小,能够实现温度控制从而用于热管理.但是其低热导率和易泄露问题严重制约了其性能.石墨烯气凝胶因其丰富的多孔结构而具有较大的比表面积,可吸附相变材料解决其泄露问题,同时石墨烯的高导热系数可提高相变材料的热导率.这里选取正十八烷为相变材料,制备了不同质量分数的石墨烯气凝胶复合相变材料.测得石墨烯气凝胶含量为13.99 wt%的样品,其导热系数比纯正十八烷高出306.2%,熔化潜热和凝固潜热分别下降了13.8%和10.8%.分子动力学模拟结果表明,石墨烯气凝胶的引入会在一定程度上增强正十八烷分子的有序性和一致性,即在同一温度下复合相变材料中的正十八烷分子比纯正十八烷分子拥有更集中分布的末端距和扭转角,径向分布函数和自扩散系数都相对较低,说明石墨烯材料的引入可以提升正十八烷的导热系数.     

相变材料蓄能式低温热水采暖地板热性能模拟

提出了一种采用定形相变材料蓄能的低温热水采暖地板形式。为了研究定形相变材料蓄能式低温热水采暖地板的传热性能,建立了该地板的传热分析模型。分析了相变材料的相变温度对地板表面平均热流密度和蓄能比的影响;比较了相变材料潜热蓄能地板与混凝土显热蓄能地板的热性能差异。结果表明:定形相变材料地板停止加热后仍可以在较长时间内保持稳定的热流密度。同时定形相变材料地板具有较大的蓄能比,使其夜间蓄存的热量可被更多地用于日间供热。     

沸石分子筛/泡沫铝复合吸附剂及其吸附制冷性能

本文提出了一种强化传热传质的沸石分子筛／泡沫铝复合吸附剂及其制备方法,用HotDisk热物性测量仪测量了其导热系数为2．89 W／mK。基于平衡吸附对其吸附制冷的性能进行了理论计算,并与沸石分子筛-水吸附制冷系统性能进行了比较。结果表明虽然由于金属铝的热容影响,使系统COP下降,但制冷功率有大幅提高。     

Experimental study on the heat transfer characteristics of a new type flat micro heat pipe heat exchanger with latent heat thermal energy storage

An experimental energy storage system has been designed using a new type flat micro heat pipe heat exchanger that incorporates a moderate-temperature phase change material paraffin with a melting point of 58°C. The basic structure, working principles, and design concept are discussed. The heat transfer process during the charging and discharging of the heat exchanger under various operating conditions has been experimentally investigated. Results show that the performance of the new type flat micro heat pipe was steady and efficient during charging and discharging. The average thermal storage power and absorption efficiency have been determined to be approximately 537 W and 92.5%, respectively.     

Spiral phase-change material for enhancing natural circulation solar water heater: An experimental study

This article studies the use of spiral phase-change material as an energy storage to improve the performance of a domestic solar water heater. The heating and cooling tests have been conducted for the vertical and horizontal position of the phase-change material in the water heater tank. The vertical position phase-change material yields better results than horizontal position. The charging energy and system thermal efficiencies of the tank are increased up to 20% and 12%, respectively, when the phase-change material is kept vertically. Also, it is observed that better heat transfer coefficient between water and phase-change material and upgraded thermal stratification during the cooling tests.     

Experimental study on the phase change and thermal properties of paraffin/carbon materials based thermal energy storage materials

In order to enhance the thermal energy storage efficiency of phase change materials, in this paper, expanded graphite (EG), multi-layer graphene nanoplatelet (MGN), graphite powder (GP) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) as the effective heat transfer promoters in different mass fraction (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.5 wt.%) were added into the paraffin. The chemical properties, latent heat capacities, thermal conductivities and heat storage performances of paraffin and the composites were investigated. The results showed that the addition of EG, MGN, GP and MWCNT could increase the thermal conductivity of paraffin. At 20 °C, the thermal conductivity of the paraffin was increased by 61.04%, 51.2%, 12.18% and 10.22% with 2.5 wt.% EG, MGN, GP and MWCNT, respectively. In addition, with the same mass fraction, the heat storage and release time of the composite were 56.03% and 54.26%, respectively, shorter than that of paraffin when the additive was EG.