铌和过氧铌取代Dawson结构钨磷杂多配合物的氧化还原性质研究

本文用电化学方法研究了铌和过氧铌一、三取代Ｄｗｓｏｎ结构杂多配合物：ａ２－ＭａＨｂＰ２Ｗ１５ＮｂＯ６２．ｘＨ２Ｏ，ａ－１，２，３－ＭａＨｂＰ２Ｗ１５Ｎｂ３Ｏ６２．ｘＨ２Ｏ，ａ２－ＭａＨｂＰ２Ｗ１７（ＮｂＯ２）Ｏ６１．ｘＨ２Ｏ，ａ－１，２，３－ＭａＨｂＰ２Ｗ１５（ＮｂＯ２）３Ｏ５９．ｘＨ２Ｏ（Ｍ＝Ｋ，ＴＭＡ，ＴＥＡ和ＴＢＡ）共十六种盐的氧化还原性质。     

杂多阴离子的有机金属化学(Ⅲ)──缺位Keggin阴离子PW_9O_(34)~(9-)的酯基锡杂多配合物的合成及性质

利用酯基锡与缺位Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构杂多阴离子ＰＷ９Ｏ９－３４反应，合成了６种新的杂多阴离子有机金属配合物Ｍ９［（Ｒ′ＯＯＣＣＨＲ″ＣＨ２ＳｎＯＨ２）３（ＰＷ９Ｏ３４）２］·ｘＨ２Ｏ（Ｍ＝（ＣＨ３）４Ｎ＋，Ｋ＋；Ｒ′＝ＣＨ３＿，ＣＨ３ＣＨ２＿；Ｒ″＝Ｈ，ＣＨ３＿），通过元素分析、ＩＲ光谱、紫外电子光谱、１ＨＮＭＲ、３１ＰＮＭＰ、１８３ＷＮＭＲ和ＴＧＡ－ＤＳＣ热分析等测试手段对标题配合物进行了表征和性质研究，确定该系列配合物为Ａ－β－ＰＷ９型夹心配合物结构．     

多阴离子的有机金属化学研究Ⅱ——α-Keggin阴离子的三芳基锡超分子层柱配合物的合成、表征及反应机理

用α－Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ杂多阴离子ＸＷ１２Ｏｎ－４０与三芳基氢氧化锡Ａｒ３ＳｎＯＨ反应，合成了四个三芳基锡杂多配合物｛［Ａｒ３Ｓｎ（ＣＨ３ＣＨ２ＯＨ）］＋ｎ［ＸＷ１２Ｏ４０］ｎ－｝·ｘＨ２Ｏ，通过元素分析、红外、核磁共振、Ｘ射线粉末衍射等手段对其进行了表征，提出了该类三维层柱超分子配合物的结构模型，并探讨了反应机理．     

镧系元素Dawson结构钨钒磷四元杂多配合物的合成,表征以…

合成了通式为Ｋ１５Ｈ３〔Ｃｅ（Ｐ２Ｗ１６ＶＯ６１）２〕．６１Ｈ２Ｏ、Ｋ１５Ｈ４〔Ｌｎ（Ｐ２Ｗ１６ＶＯ６１）２〕．ｘＨ２Ｏ（Ｌｎ＝Ｌａ＾３＋，Ｐｒ＾３＋，Ｎｄ＾３＋，Ｓｍ＾３＋，Ｅｕ＾３＋，Ｇｄ＾３＋，Ｄｙ＾３＋，Ｙｂ＾３＋）的９种镧系元素Ｄａｗｓｏｎ结构的钨钒磷四元杂多配合物，并用ＩＲ、ＵＶ、ＮＭＲ、ＥＳＲ、ＸＲＤ、ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ等对其结构和性质进行子研究。该类配合物具有与Ｋ１６〔Ｃｅ（Ｐ２Ｗ１７Ｏ     

Ge—132与稀土离子的配合物及其对单核苷酸磷酯键的催化水解作用

Ｇｅ－１３２的羧酸阴离子与稀土离子螯合配位，生成３：１型配合物，在配合物中，Ｇｅ－１３２的ＧｅＯ３／２基团水解为Ｇｅ（ＯＨ）３，并且不参与稀土配位，系列稀土离子配合物的结构性质基本相同，在５０℃，ｐＨ值为６的水溶液中，该配合物选择性地催化５’－ＡＭＰ或５‘－ｄＡＭＰ的磷酯键水解断裂、生成相应的核苷和磷酸，而不影响碱基与戌糖之间的苷键。     

稀土杂多化合物在溶液中的^183W核磁共振表征

＾１８３Ｗ核磁共振研究确认，Ｌａ（ＡｓＷ１１）２，Ｌａ（Ａｓ２Ｗ１７）２在溶液中仍保持其四方反棱柱的Ｃ３结构，Ｌａ（ＳｉＷ９Ｍｏ２）２阴离子中，２个Ｍｏ原子取代了２个等价的Ｗ原子，在穴状杂多阴离子ＬｎＡｓ，Ｗ４０和ＬｎＳｂ９Ｗ２１中，稀土离子占据中心Ｓ１位置，ＳｉＷ与稀土离子生成（ＬｎＯ）３（ＳｉＷ９）２型杂多阴离子。     

Keggin结构的磷钨钒稀土四元杂多配合物对过氧化氢分解的催化作用

在磷钨钒稀土四元杂多配合物中，由于Ｖ原子的使用，使其对Ｈ２Ｏ２分解的催化活性显著增加。因配合物中心原子稀土元素不同。催化活性也随之变化，其活化能与三阶稀土离子的电离能有密切关系。动力学曲线为Ｓ型。实验证明，在反应过程中有反应活性中间体生成。     

稀土杂多配合物的合成、表征及其稳定性、弛豫性质

以Ｋ９ＧｄＷ１０Ｏ３６和Ｋ１１［Ｇｄ（ＰＷ１１Ｏ３９）２］作为研究对象,根据元素分析,红外光谱及差热－热重分析进行表征,对两种稀土杂多配合物的稳定性、溶解性进行了研究,并测试了其在水中及ＢＳＡ溶液中的弛豫性能。其弛豫效率略高于目前临床所用的造影剂Ｇｄ－ＤＴＰＡ。结果表明,这两种稀土杂多配合物均是比较好的潜在的磁共振成像造影剂。     

稀土杂多化合物在溶液中的￣（183）W核磁共振表征

~（１８３）Ｗ核磁共振研究确认，Ｌａ（ＡｓＷ_（１１））_２、Ｌａｍ（Ａｓ_２Ｗ_（１７））_２在溶液中仍保持其四方反棱柱的Ｃ_３结构，Ｌａ（ＳｉＷ_９ＭＯ_２）_２阴离子中，２个Ｍｏ原子取代了２个等价的Ｗ原子，在穴状杂多阴离子ＬｎＡｓ_４Ｗ_（１０）和ＬｎＳｂ_９Ｗ_（２１）中，稀土离子占据中心Ｓ_１位置，ＳｉＷ_９与稀土离子生成（ＬｎＯ）_３（ＳｉＷ_９）_２型杂多阴离子。     

钨钛磷稀土杂多酸盐的合成及其抗艾滋病病毒活性的研究

合成了通式为ＬｎｘＨ「ＰＴｉ２Ｗ１０Ｏ４０」．ｘＨ２Ｏ的稀土杂多配合物，通过ＩＲ，ＵＶ，＾３１ＷＮＭＲ谱对其结构进行了表征。配合物抗艾滋病病毒活性的研究表明，此类配合物具有较低的细胞毒性及较高的抗艾滋病病毒活性。     

Alphavirus protease inhibitors from natural sources: A homology modeling and molecular docking investigation

Alphaviruses such as Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), O’Nyong–Nyong virus (ONNV), Ross River virus (RRV), Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), and Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV), are mosquito-transmitted viruses that can cause fevers, rash, and rheumatic diseases (CHIKV, ONNV, RRV) or potentially fatal encephalitis (EEEV, VEEV, WEEV) in humans. These diseases are considered neglected tropical diseases for which there are no current antiviral therapies or vaccines available. The alphavirus non-structural protein 2 (nsP2) contains a papain-like protease, which is considered to be a promising target for antiviral drug discovery. In this work, molecular docking analyses have been carried out on a library of 2174 plant-derived natural products (290 alkaloids, 664 terpenoids, 1060 polyphenolics, and 160 miscellaneous phytochemicals) with the nsP2 proteases of CHIKV, ONNV, RRV, EEEV, VEEV, WEEV, as well as Aura virus (AURV), Barmah Forest Virus (BFV), Semliki Forest virus (SFV), and Sindbis virus (SINV) in order to identity structural scaffolds for inhibitor design or discovery. Of the 2174 phytochemicals examined, a total of 127 showed promising docking affinities and poses to one or more of the nsP2 proteases, and this knowledge can be used to guide experimental investigation of potential inhibitors.     

用OPD-H 2 O 2-HRP伏安酶联免疫法检测植物病毒ArMV、C MV、SBMV和TuMV*

首次将邻苯二胺（ＯＰＤ）－Ｈ２Ｏ２－辣根过氧化物酶（ＨＲＰ）伏安酶联免疫分析体系,应用于植物病毒南芥菜花叶病毒（ＡｒＭＶ）,黄瓜花叶病毒（ＣＭＶ）,南方菜豆花叶病毒（ＳＢＭＶ）和芜箐花叶病毒的血清学检测。该法测定以上植物病毒感染病叶澄清液的最高稀释比（体积比）分别为１：５００００００,１：５０００００;１：２５０００００和１：２５００００,而酶联免疫吸附分析（ＥＬＩＳＡ）测定的最高稀释比分别为１：     

In Vitro and In Silico Anti-Arboviral Activities of Dihalogenated Phenolic Derivates of L-Tyrosine

Despite the serious public health problem represented by the diseases caused by dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses, there are still no specific licensed antivirals available for their treatment. Here, we examined the potential anti-arbovirus activity of ten di-halogenated compounds derived from L-tyrosine with modifications in amine and carboxyl groups. The activity of compounds on VERO cell line infection and the possible mechanism of action of the most promising compounds were evaluated. Finally, molecular docking between the compounds and viral and cellular proteins was evaluated in silico with Autodock Vina^®, and the molecular dynamic with Gromacs^®. Only two compounds (TDC-2M-ME and TDB-2M-ME) inhibited both ZIKV and CHIKV. Within the possible mechanism, in CHIKV, the two compounds decreased the number of genome copies and in the pre-treatment strategy the infectious viral particles. In the ZIKV model, only TDB-2M-ME inhibited the viral protein and demonstrate a virucidal effect. Moreover, in the U937 cell line infected with CHIKV, both compounds inhibited the viral protein and TDB-2M-ME inhibited the viral genome too. Finally, the in silico results showed a favorable binding energy between the compounds and the helicases of both viral models, the NSP3 of CHIKV and cellular proteins DDC and β2 adrenoreceptor.     

Virus rejection with two model human enteric viruses in membrane bioreactor system

A membrane bioreactor (MBR) with gravity drain was tested for virus rejection with two coliphages, T4 and f2, which were used as surrogates for human enteric viruses. Virus rejection was investigated by PVDF and PP membrane modules, with the pore sizes of 0.22 and 0.1 μm, respectively. In tap water system, 2.1 lg rejection of coliphage T4 could be achieved by PVDF membrane compared with complete rejection by PP membrane, while for coliphage f2 with smaller diameter, 0.3―0.5 lg rejection of the influent virus was removed by the two membranes. In domestic wastewater system, cake layer and gel layer on the membrane surface changed the cut-off size of the membrane so that there was no significant difference between PP and PVDF for each coliphage. The removal ratios of coliphage T4 and f2 in the MBR were more than 5.5 and 3.0 lg, respectively. Compared with 5.5 lg removal for virus T4 in the MBR system, only 2.1 lg (96.8%―99.9%) removal rate was observed in the conventional activated sludge system with the influent virus concentration fluctuating from 1830 to 57000 PFU/mL. Only 0.8%―22% virus removal was the effect of adsorption to activated sludge, which showed a decreasing tendency with the retention time, while 75%―98% was the effect of virus inactivation by microbial activity. It indicated that the major mechanism of virus removal was not the transfer of viruses from the water phase to the sludge phase but inactivation in the biological treatment process.     

Berberine Inhibits Dengue Virus through Dual Mechanisms

Mosquito transmitted viruses, particularly those of the genus Flavivirus, are a significant healthcare burden worldwide, especially in tropical and sub-tropical areas. However, effective medicines for these viral infections remains lacking. Berberine (BBR) is an alkaloid found in some plants used in traditional medicines in Southeast Asia and elsewhere, and BBR has been shown to possess anti-viral activities. During a screen for potential application to mosquito transmitted viruses, BBR was shown to have virucidal activity against dengue virus (DENV; IC₅₀ 42.87 µM) as well as against Zika virus (IC₅₀ 11.42 µM) and chikungunya virus (IC₅₀ 14.21 µM). BBR was shown to have cellular effects that lead to an increase in cellular DENV E protein without a concomitant effect on DENV nonstructural proteins, suggesting an effect on viral particle formation or egress. While BBR was shown to have an effect of ERK1/2 activation this did not result in defects in viral egress mechanisms. The primary effect of BBR on viral production was likely to be through BBR acting through AMPK activation and disruption of lipid metabolism. Combined these results suggest that BBR has a dual effect on DENV infection, and BBR may have the potential for development as an anti-DENV antiviral.     

4,7-Disubstituted 7H-Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines and Their Analogs as Antiviral Agents against Zika Virus

Discovery of compound 1 as a Zika virus (ZIKV) inhibitor has prompted us to investigate its 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold, revealing structural features that elicit antiviral activity. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that 9H-purine or 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine can serve as an alternative core structure. Overall, we have identified 4,7-disubstituted 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines and their analogs including compounds 1, 8 and 11 as promising antiviral agents against flaviviruses ZIKV and dengue virus (DENV). While the molecular target of these compounds is yet to be elucidated, 4,7-disubstituted 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines and their analogs are new chemotypes in the design of small molecules against flaviviruses, an important group of human pathogens.     

VIRUS RESISTANCE OF TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS EXPRESSING TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS COAT PROTEIN GENE

An intermediate expressing vector carrying the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV, Chinese common strain) coat protein (CP) gene was constructed by recombinant DNA techniques. The TMV-CP gene was transferred into the tobacco genome via Ti plasmid and a large number of regenerated plants, including both systemic and local lesion hosts for TMV, were obtained. Southern blot analysis revealed that 1-5 copies of the CP gene were integrated into the tobacco genome. RNA and protein analysis demonstrated that the TMV-CP gene was correctly expressed in the transgenic plants. The abundance of TMV-CP mRNA in total leaf RNA accounted for 0.005-0.01%, while the amount of coat proteins reached 0.05-0.2% of the total leaf soluble proteins. Virus challenge experiments showed that the symptom development of virus infection was markedly delayed and the replication as well as the spread of the virus was significantly inhibited in the transgenic plants expressing the TMV-CP gene. Three of these plants were completely protected afte     

Polyvalent 2D Entry Inhibitors for Pseudorabies and African Swine Fever Virus

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is one of the most dangerous viruses for pigs and is endemic in Africa but recently also spread into the Russian Federation and the Eastern border of the EU. So far there is no vaccine or antiviral drug available to curtail the infection. Thus, control strategies based on novel inhibitors are urgently needed. Another highly relevant virus infection in pigs is Aujeszky's disease caused by the alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PrV). This article reports the synthesis and biological evaluation of novel extracellular matrix‐inspired entry inhibitors based on polyglycerol sulfate‐functionalized graphene sheets. The developed 2D architectures bind enveloped viruses during the adhesion process and thereby exhibit strong inhibitory effects, which are equal or better than the common standards enrofloxacin and heparin as demonstrated for ASFV and PrV. Overall, the developed polyvalent 2D entry inhibitors are nontoxic and efficient nanoarchitectures, which interact with various types of enveloped viruses. Therefore they prevent viral adhesion to the host cell and especially target viruses that rely on a heparan sulfate‐dependent cell entry mechanism.

     

Anti-NDV activity of 9-oxo10,11-dehydroageraphorone extracted from Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng in vitro

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-Newcastle disease virus (NDV) activities of 9-oxo-10,11-dehydroageraphorone (euptox A) from Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng (E. adenophorum) in vitro. NDV infection of chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) was performed. Cytotoxicities and antiviral activities of euptox A was assessed by the MTT method. The interaction of NDV with cell membrane protein was detected by virus overlay protein binding assay (VOPBA). The expression levels of NDV genes in CEFs was tested by RTFQ PCR. The results showed that the maximal safe concentrations of euptox A to CEFs was 10 μg/mL. Euptox A could directly neutralise NDV, inhibit the infectivity of NDV to CEFs and block intracellular NDV treat NDV infection. And euptox A brings competitiveness inhibition for NDV binding to its receptors and then prevent NDV infection. These results indicated that euptox A possessed anti-NDV activity has potential use as components of a natural antiviral drug.     

Evaluation of on-line high-performance size-exclusion chromatography, differential refractometry, and multi-angle laser light scattering analysis for the monitoring of the oligomeric state of human immunodeficiency virus vaccine protein antigen

Chiron has developed a novel mutant form of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelop protein, o-gp140, that is currently entering Human Phase 1 clinical trials for testing as a prophylactic HIV vaccine. The o-gp140 protein is oligomeric and the quaternary structure is thought to play an important role in its activity as an antigen. As o-gpl40 proceeds through the clinical trial process and prior to marketing approval, analytical methods that are able to demonstrate manufacturing consistency with respect to degree of oligomerization will need to be developed and validated. On-line high-performance size-exclusion chromatography, differential refractometry, and multi-angle laser light scattering analysis (HPSEC-RI-MALLS), a method commonly used to obtain the molar mass of macromolecules based on the Rayleigh-Gans-Debye approximation, was evaluated for this purpose. The results obtained demonstrated intra- and inter-day precisions to be 0.9 and 3.6% R.S.D., respectively. Accuracy was found to be equal to, or better than, 11% when comparing the known molar masses of test proteins to that of the molar masses determined by the method. Additionally, the method compared favorably to orthogonal native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation analyses. R-factor analysis was used to demonstrate that HPSEC-RI-MALLS is capable of discriminating compositional differences between o-gpl40 test lots. Based on the data presented, HPSEC-RI-MALLS may be a suitable manufacturing control method.