基于水溶性浸出物及HPLC指纹图谱评价不同贮存年限半夏的品质

研究不同贮存年限半夏药材的浸出物,建立浸出物的HPLC特征指纹图谱,为半夏药材品质评控提供参考。浸出物测定方法采用药典法;HPLC指纹图谱的色谱条件:采用C_(18)色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以水–甲醇为流动相,梯度洗脱,流量为0.8 m L/min,检测波长为260 nm,柱温为25℃,进样体积为50μL。采用相似度评价及聚类分析技术揭示14批样品的相似性及差异性。14批半夏浸出物有12批合格,2批不合格。建立14批半夏浸出物样品的高效液相指纹图谱,确定了3个共有峰,共有峰保留时间的相对标准偏差小于2%,峰面积的相对标准偏差差异较大。1~#~7~#半夏样品有12个共有峰,共有峰保留时间的相对标准偏差小于1.5%,峰面积的相对标准偏差差异较大。各批次药材化学成分组成及含量均存在一定差异。以半夏浸出物数据与其高效液相色谱指纹图谱数据为基础,将指纹图谱相似度评价与聚类分析结合起来,用浸出物含量及评价软件测评结果对半夏品质进行综合评估,可以更精确地对半夏药材进行质量控制。     

复方板蓝根颗粒抗病毒成分HPLC-UV指纹图谱及LC-ESI-MSn研究

建立了复方板蓝根颗粒提取物高效液相色谱(HPLC-UV)指纹图谱分析方法. 确定了10批不同来源复方板蓝根颗粒提取物的19个共有峰. 各提取物的HPLC-UV指纹图谱与对照指纹图谱比较, 相似度均在93%以上. 利用液相色谱与质谱联用(LC-ESI-MSⁿ)技术对主要共有峰的结构进行了鉴定. 药效学研究表明, 复方板蓝根颗粒提取物有抗病毒活性. 该指纹图谱精密度、稳定性和重现性良好, 可作为复方板蓝根颗粒的质量评价方法.     

多波长自动融合指纹图谱策略及其在蜂胶质量评价中的应用

提出了一种简化数据处理过程的多波长自动融合指纹图谱策略,并应用于蜂胶乙醇提取物的质量评价。运用超高效液相色谱（UPLC）技术对5个厂家的15批蜂胶乙醇提取物进行220、245、270、320 nm的多波长检测。样品采用Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18(3 mm×100 mm,2.7μm)色谱柱进行分离;以甲醇-0.2%磷酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。利用“中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统”进行全峰匹配,实现了每个样品多个波长下各色谱峰数据的自动融合。以270 nm单波长为对照,比较其与多波长融合在共有色谱峰、相似度评价、聚类分析、主成分分析方面的差异。蜂胶多波长融合指纹图谱包含33个特征峰,其中14个特征峰可定性,分别为咖啡酸、ρ-香豆酸、阿魏酸、异阿魏酸、3,4-二甲氧基肉桂酸、肉桂酸、槲皮素、山奈素、芹菜素、异鼠李素、乔松素、白杨素、高良姜素、咖啡酸苯乙酯。各批次特征峰保留时间的相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于1.00%,峰面积RSD为14.39%～112.02%,平均值为37.94%。15批蜂胶融合指纹图谱的相似度为0.902～0.994,主成分分析、聚类分析均...     

基于高效液相色谱指纹图谱和化学模式识别法评价不同采收期水冬瓜树皮药材质量

建立不同采收期水冬瓜树皮药材的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱,并结合化学模式识别法,对不同采收期水冬瓜树皮药材质量进行了评价。将新鲜的水冬瓜树皮烘干过筛后,用甲醇提取其中的有效成分,采用HPLC建立不同采收期的11个批次水冬瓜树皮的指纹图谱,通过《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统》[国家药典委员会(GPC)2004A版]、IBM SPSS Statistics 25统计学软件和SIMCA-P+12.0软件等化学计量学软件对指纹图谱进行相似度分析、系统聚类分析、主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)。结果显示:11个批次水冬瓜树皮的HPLC指纹图谱中有18个共有峰,这些共有峰与紫丁香苷的相对峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)为30%～124%,说明不同采收期的样品所含化学成分的含量差异较大。11个批次样品的指纹图谱与以S6色谱数据为参考生成的对照指纹图谱的相似度为0.932～0.982,表明不同采收期水冬瓜树皮药材总体质量较为稳定。系统聚类分析将11个批样品分为2组,这一结果得到了PCA和OPLS-DA的验证。OPLS-DA结果还显示:18个共有峰的变量投影重要性(VIP)值均大于0.8,说明不同批次水冬瓜树皮药材之间的质量存在微小差异,从中选择7个VIP值大于1.0的共有峰对应的物质作为质量差异性标志物,用来反映不同采收期水冬瓜树皮中主要化学成分变化。     

朝鲜淫羊藿的色谱指纹图谱及液相色谱/电喷雾串联质谱分析

建立了长白山区朝鲜淫羊藿药材的高效液相色谱指纹图谱的分析方法. 确定了18批朝鲜淫羊藿药材的13个共有峰, 该指纹图谱的精密度、稳定性和重现性的相对标准偏差均低于3.0%. 结合液相色谱/电喷雾串联质谱对特征峰进行了结构确认, 并根据电喷雾串联质谱数据推测了13个特征化合物的结构. 结果表明采用高效液相色谱与质谱联用技术对朝鲜淫羊藿色谱指纹图谱中的特征峰进行结构确认, 使其色谱指纹图谱的特征性更强, 更适合于药材质量的鉴别与评价.     

毛细管电泳指纹图谱应用于叶下珠药材中黄酮的检测

建立了叶下珠药材中黄酮的毛细管电泳指纹图谱。以硼砂和十二烷基磺酸钠(pH9.0)为背景电解质溶液,运行电压15kV,紫外检测波长245nm,流体静压力进样15s(高度12cm),对不同产地叶下珠药材进样检测。按电泳峰共有率fi≥70%为依据,确定10个不同产地叶下珠药材中黄酮的毛细管电泳指纹峰为8个,各产地叶下珠的毛细管电泳指纹图谱与标准毛细管电泳指纹图谱的相似度较好。在制备供试液后不同时间进样测定,各指纹峰的相对迁移时间的相对标准偏差小于5%,相对峰面积的相对标准偏差在3.0%～7.8%之间,结果表明样品在48h内稳定。     

基于化学识别模式的蒲公英指纹图谱的研究

建立蒲公英药材的指纹图谱,以中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价软件(2012年版)确定共有峰及其归属,采用化学模式识别初步筛选其质量控制的4个指标性成分。结果表明,蒲公英药材的HPLC指纹图谱共标定出27个共有峰,并指认出其中14个色谱峰,15批蒲公英药材的相似度均0.93,且化学模式识别的结果具有相似性。本文建立的方法可应用于蒲公英药材的质量评价和其产地识别,为蒲公英药材质量控制与资源开发提供参考。     

宁夏枸杞甜菜碱提取物高效液相色谱指纹图谱研究

建立宁夏枸杞甜菜碱提取物高效液相色谱指纹图谱,为鉴别不同来源的宁夏枸杞提供依据。以10批宁夏不同产地的宁夏枸杞主栽品种"宁杞Ⅰ号"样品建立枸杞甜菜碱提取物指纹图谱共有模式,采用"中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统"软件进行数据处理,对15批不同来源的枸杞样品进行了分析。结果表明:8个特征峰构成了宁夏枸杞甜菜碱提取物的色谱指纹图谱,不同产地、不同品种的枸杞样品甜菜碱提取物指纹图谱存在差异;建立的枸杞甜菜碱提取物高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱对不同产地、不同品种枸杞的鉴别有参考价值。     

加压毛细管电色谱法用于银杏叶的指纹图谱研究

采用反相加压毛细管电色谱(pCEC)法,建立了银杏叶的pCEC指纹图谱.以芦丁为内标,确定银杏叶的pCEC指纹峰为29个.测定了10个产地银杏叶的pCEC指纹图谱,其中9个产地的指纹图谱相似度系数为0.900～0.991.本方法具有较好的精密度,各指纹峰相对迁移时间的相对标准偏差(RSD)< 2.6 % ,相对峰面积的RSD≤3.5%.此方法样品和试剂用量少少,对复杂样品分离能力强,可用于银杏叶药材的质量控制.     

内燃机油高效液相指纹图谱的建立

建立了内燃机油指纹图谱的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法。采用反相C18柱,以乙腈-水为流动相梯度洗脱,检测波长280 nm,柱温30℃,进样体积10μL进行试验。考察结果表明,指纹图谱中各共有色谱峰的相对保留时间α和相对峰面积Sr的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于2.4%,满足小于3%的指纹图谱研究技术要求。通过共有特征峰分析以及色谱峰重叠率、相似度的计算,可进一步鉴别和评价内燃机油的质量。该法与传统的内燃机油品质评价方法相比,节约了试验成本和时间,为内燃机油的快速鉴别和质量控制开拓了新领域。     

Simultaneous determination of four andrographolides in Andrographis paniculata Nees by silver ion reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

A rapid and sensitive silver ion high-performance liquid chromatographic (Ag[I]-HPLC) method is developed for the simultaneous determination of the biologically active diterpenoids andrographolide, 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, 14-deoxyandrographolide, and neoandrographolide in Andrographis paniculata Nees. HPLC is carried out for determining andrographolide and its derivatives with methanol-water (55:45, v/v) as the mobile phase on a C18 column (5 microm, 150 mm x 4.6 mm i.d.) with UV detection at 205 nm. Four andrographolides are baseline separated in a novel way: by adding silver ions (0.005 mol L(-1)) to the previously mentioned mobile phase. Validation of the method challenges specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, accuracy, and repeatability, and the results met the acceptance criteria for all analytes. The molecular mechanism of retention is demonstrated by comparing partition coefficients (logP) of different andrographolides and andrographolide-Ag(I) complexes. Thus, the method is successfully applied to characterize and determine the four andrographolides in Andrographis paniculata Nees extract and its commercial product.     

Development of andrographolide molecularly imprinted polymer for solid-phase extraction

A method employing molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as selective sorbent for solid-phase extraction (SPE) to pretreat samples was developed. The polymers were prepared by precipitation polymerization with andrographolide as template molecule. The structure of MIP was characterized and its static adsorption capacity was measured by the Scatchard equation. In comparison with C(18)-SPE and non-imprinted polymer (NIP) SPE column, MIP-SPE column displays high selectivity and good affinity for andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide for extract of herb Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees (APN). MIP-SPE column capacity was 11.9±0.6 μmol/g and 12.1±0.5 μmol/g for andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide, respectively and was 2-3 times higher than that of other two columns. The precision and accuracy of the method developed were satisfactory with recoveries between 96.4% and 103.8% (RSD 3.1-4.3%, n=5) and 96.0% and 104.2% (RSD 2.9-3.7%, n=5) for andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide, respectively. Various real samples were employed to confirm the feasibility of method. This developed method demonstrates the potential of molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction for rapid, selective, and effective sample pretreatment.     

北五味子的液相色谱指纹图谱的建立

利用反相高效液相色谱法建立中药材北五味子的指纹图谱,为科学评价及有效控制北五味子质量提供了新方法。实验分析了10个不同产地的北五味子样品,采用国家食品药品监督管理局推荐的“中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2004 A版)”计算处理,建立了由26个指纹峰和19个共有峰组成的北五味子指纹图谱,确定了5个主要的指纹峰。通过夹角余弦法和相关系数法计算了北五味子10个样本与指纹图谱间的相似度,得到了满意的结果。所建立的指纹图谱可以用来区别不同产地北五味子药材的优劣,为进一步控制北五味子的质量提供依据。     

(8R,13R)-8,12,13,17-四氢穿心莲内酯的合成、晶体结构和葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性

设计并合成了新的具有旋光活性的二萜类内酯衍生物2, 并通过NMR, IR, HRMS和X射线单晶衍射等技术分析了其结构和绝对构型.     

A new diterpene from the leaves of Andrographis paniculata Nees

Phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Andrographis paniculata Nees yielded a minor, new diterpene, 21-nor-3,19-isopropylidine-14-deoxy-ent-labda-8(17),13-dien-16,15-olide (1), together with five known labdane type diterpenes, andrographolide 3, 14-deoxyandrographolide 4, 14-deoxy-12-hydroxyandrographolide 5, 14-deoxy-11,12-dihydroandrographolide 6, neoandrographolide 7, and two acids, cinnamic acid 8, and ferulic acid 9. The chemical structures were established by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic experiments, and on the basis of HR-ESI MS analyses. The methanolic extract of the leaves exhibited moderate antibacterial and antifungal activities at a dose of 200 microg/mL in comparison with the reference standards.     

Heat-accelerated degradation of solid-state andrographolide

The stability of andrographolide, the major active diterpene lactone from Andrographis paniculata (BURM. f.) WALL. ex NEES., was determined to show that, while crystalline andrographolide was highly stable even at 70 degrees C (75% relative humidity) over a period of 3 months, its amorphous phase degraded promptly. Heat-accelerated conditions revealed second-order kinetics of the decomposition with the rate constant at 25 degrees C (k(25 degrees C)) predicted from the Arrhenius plot of 3.8 x 10(-6) x d(-1). The major decomposed product under elevated temperature (70 degrees C, 75% relative humidity) is 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide.     

Separation of five compounds from leaves of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees by off‐line two‐dimensional high‐speed counter‐current chromatography combined with gradient and recycling elution

An off‐line two‐dimensional high‐speed counter‐current chromatography method combined with gradient and recycling elution mode was established to isolate terpenoids and flavones from the leaves of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees. By using the solvent systems composed of n‐hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water with different volume ratios, five compounds including roseooside, 5,4′‐dihydroxyflavonoid‐7‐O‐β‐d ‐pyranglucuronatebutylester, 7,8‐dimethoxy‐2′‐hydroxy‐5‐O‐β‐d ‐glucopyranosyloxyflavon, 14‐deoxyandrographiside, and andrographolide were successfully isolated. Purities of these isolated compounds were all over 95% as determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Their structures were identified by UV, mass spectrometry, and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. It has been demonstrated that the combination of off‐line two‐dimensional high‐speed counter‐current chromatography with different elution modes is an efficient technique to isolate compounds from complex natural product extracts.     

A new ent-labdane eiterpenoid lactone from Andrographis paniculata

A new ent-labdane diterpenoid lactone with a new natural product was isolated from Andrographis paniculata. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral evidences including 2D NMR.     

Validation of a new reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for separation and quantification of bovine milk protein genetic variants

A new RP-HPLC method for the separation and quantification of the most common genetic variants of bovine milk proteins is described. A reversed-phase analytical column C8 (Zorbax 300SB-C8 RP, 3.5 microm, 300A, 150 x 4.6 I.D.) was used. All the most common casein (CN) and whey protein genetic variants, including beta-CN(I) were detected and separated simultaneously in less then 40 min, with the exception of alpha(S1)-CN(B) and CN(C) variants. Purified protein genetic variants were employed in calibration and showed different absorbances at 214 nm. The procedure was developed using 40 raw individual milk samples of cows belonging to four different breeds and certified skim milk powder BCR-063R. Method validation consisted in testing linearity, repeatability, reproducibility and accuracy. A linear relationship (R(2)>0.99) between the concentrations of proteins and peak areas was observed over the concentration range, with low detection limits. Repeatability and reproducibility were satisfactory for both retention times and peak areas. The RSD of peak areas ranged from 0.92 to 4.32% within analytical day and from 0.85 to 9.52% across analytical days. The recoveries, calculated using mixtures of samples previously quantified, ranged from 98.1 to 103.7%.     

A new ent-labdane diterpenoid from Andrographis paniculata

<正>A new ent-labdane diterpenoid,19-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-ent-labda-8(17),13-dien-15,16,19-triol,together with six known ent-labdane diterpenoids,was isolated from the aerial parts of Andrographis paniculaia.The structure of the new compound was elucidated by extensive spectral analysis.