绝热量热和热分析研究8－羟基喹啉的热力学性质

采用绝热量热和热分析技术研究了8-羟基喹啉的热力学性质。用精密绝热量热仪测定了8-羟基喹啉在78 K ~370 K 温区的低温热容。根据实验测定的热容数据计算出了热容拟合方程及热力学函数,得到该物质的熔点、摩尔熔化焓和摩尔熔化熵分别是(345.74±0.15) K、(13.93±0.11) kJ· mol-1 和 (40.26±0.33) J·K-1·mol-1。 根据热力学函数关系式计算了其在78 K ~370 K 温区每隔5 K 的热力学函数 和 。通过部分熔化实验计算出该样品及其绝对纯物质的熔化温度分别是 345.601 K和345.761 K。根据Van’t Hoff方程计算出该样品纯度的摩尔分数为 0.9978。用DSC技术进一步考察了该物质的热稳定性。     

苯氧乙酸嘧霉胺盐的低温热容和热力学性质研究

用精密自动绝热量热计测定了苯氧乙酸嘧霉胺盐在81-380 K之间的低温热容. 结果表明, 该化合物在81-328 K之间无相变和热异常现象发生, 在328-354 K之间发生固-液熔化, 其熔化温度、摩尔熔化焓和摩尔熔化熵分别为(349.38±0.03) K, (34.279±10) kJ/mol和(98.13±0.05) J/（K·mol）. 根据热力学函数关系式计算出苯氧乙酸嘧霉胺盐在80-325 K之间以标准状态(298.15 K)为基准的热力学函数值.     

4-硝基苯甲醇的低温热容和标准摩尔生成焓

用精密自动绝热量热计测定了4-硝基苯甲醇（4-NBA）在78 ~ 396 K温区的摩尔热容。其熔化温度、摩尔熔化焓及摩尔熔化熵分别为:(336.426 ± 0.088) K, (20.97 ± 0.13) kJ×mol-1 和 (57.24 ± 0.36) J×K-1×mol-1.根据热力学函数关系式,从热容值计算出了该物质在80 ~ 400 K温区的热力学函数值 [HT - H298.15 K] 和[ST - S298.15 K]. 用精密氧弹燃烧量热计测定了该物质在T＝298.15 K的恒容燃烧能和标准摩尔燃烧焓分别为 (C7H7NO3, s)＝- ( 3549.11 ± 1.47 ) kJ×mol-1 和 (C7H7NO3, s)＝- ( 3548.49 ± 1.47 ) kJ×mol-1. 利用标准摩尔燃烧焓和其他辅助热力学数据通过盖斯热化学循环, 计算出了该物质标准摩尔生成焓 (C7H7NO3, s)＝- (206.49 ± 2.52) kJ×mol-1 .     

2-氨基-4，6-二甲氧基嘧啶的低温热容和热力学性质研究

通过精密自动绝热量热计测定了自行合成并提纯的2-氨基-4，6-二甲氨基嘧啶 在78-394 K温区的摩尔热容。实验结果表明，该化合物有一个固-液溶化相变，其 熔化温度、摩尔熔化焓以及摩尔熔化熵分别为：（370.97 ± 0.02）K，（29853. 91 ± 9.25） J·mol~(-1)和（80.45 ± 0.03）J·mol~(-1) · K~(-1)。通过分 步熔化法得到样品的纯度为0.9984 (摩尔分数)和绝对纯样品的熔点为371.031 K。 在热容测量的基础上计算出了该物质每隔5K的热力学函数值。DSC技术对基固-溶熔 化过程作了进一步研究，结果与热容试验相一致。     

80—600K自动绝热量热计的建立——α-Al_2O_3的摩尔热容

本文报道一个80—600K自动绝热量热计的结构。其主要特点是在量热计的恒温器系统中增加三个辐射屏,以提高量热计的工作温度。为鉴定量热计的性能我们测定了α-Al_2O_3的摩尔热容。除少数实验点外,该物质的摩尔热容实验点与平滑曲线的偏差为±0.3％。将所测实验结果的平滑值与美国标准局数据相比较,两者亦吻合在±0.3％以内。     

2-噻吩乙酸的低温热容和热力学性质

用精密自动绝热量热计测定了2-噻吩乙酸在78～343 K温区内的摩尔热容. 实验结果表明, 在78～314和337～343 K温区内, 该化合物无相变及其他热异常现象发生, 将实验数据拟合得到了该化合物热容随温度变化的多项式方程; 在314～337 K温区内, 该物质发生固-液熔化相变, 其熔化温度、熔化焓、熔化熵及样品纯度分别确定为: 335.745 K, 16.260 kJ•mol^－1, 48.415 J•K^－1•mol^－1和98.555%. 根据热力学函数关系式, 由热容数据计算出了2-噻吩乙酸在80～340 K温区内相对于标准参考温度298.15 K的热力学函数值.     

苯氧威 (C17H19NO4) 的热容和热力学性质

通过小样品精密自动绝热量热计测定了自己合成并提纯的苯氧威 (C₁₇H₁₉NO₄) 在79 ～ 360 K温区的低温摩尔热容。量热实验发现, 该化合物在320 ~ 330 K温区, 有一固 - 液熔化相变过程, 其熔化温度为（326.31±0.14）K, 摩尔熔化焓、摩尔熔化熵及化合物的纯度分别为：(26.98±0.04) kJ• mol^-1和（82.69 0.09）J•mol^-1•K^-1和 (99.53±0.01 )%。并计算出了80-360 K的热力学参数。用分步熔化法得到绝对纯化和物的熔点为326.60±0.06 K。用差示扫描量热 (DSC) 技术对该物质的固-液熔化过程作了进一步研究，结果与绝热量热法一致。     

4.2—90K固体比热容国家标准的建立——Ⅰ.25—90K自动绝热量热计及α-Al_2O_3的摩尔热容

本文详细描述了一套用于25—90K温区内精密测定固体热容的自动绝热量热计及其低温恒温器的结构,对样品容器特别设计了与内壁非接触、薄壁径向、分布均匀的散热片,充分改善了量热容器内部的热平衡条件,对绝热控制研制了专用的高精度ACD-79型绝热控温仪,大大提高了量热系统中热屏和导线的控温精度,用国产标准参考材料,高纯α-A1_2O_3检测了该量热计的性能;α-A1_2O_3摩尔热容实验结果与美国标准局数据比对其标准偏差为±0.3％—±0.1％。     

4,6-二甲氧基-2-嘧啶氨基甲酸甲酯的热力学研究

用精密自动绝热量热计测定了自行合成并提纯的4,6-二甲氧基-2-嘧啶氨基甲酸甲酯在80～380 K温区的摩尔热容.实验结果表明,在345～360 K温区,该化合物有一固-液熔化过程.经两次重复测定,得其熔化温度、摩尔熔化焓以及熔化熵分别为:(357.201±0.080) K, (26.289±0.029) kJ·mol^-1和(73.597±0.070) J·mol^-1·K^-1.通过分步熔化法得到该物质绝对纯样品的熔点为357.449 K.根据热力学关系和热容数据,计算出了该化合物相对于标准参考温度298.15 K的热力学函数.用DSC和TG热分析技术在300～500 K温区对该物质的热力学性质作了进一步研究,得到与绝热量热法一致的固-液熔化过程热力学参数,并得到该化合物蒸发过程的热力学参数:沸点为488.06 K,摩尔蒸发焓为81.73 kJ·mol^-1.     

N-对甲基苯基-N''''-(2-吡啶基)脲的低温热容及热分析

通过低温量热和热分析方法,测定了N-对甲基苯基-N'-(2-吡啶基)脲(以下简称NPMPN'2PU)的低温热容和热力学性质.通过对NPMPN'2PU进行低温量热,得到了NPMPN'2PU在80～370K温区的热容曲线,热容曲线光滑,没有任何热异常现象,由此实验热容数据计算出NPMPN'2PU在这段温区内的热力学数据.从DSC实验结果发现,NPMPN'2PU熔化峰值出现在173.86℃,熔化焓为204.45kJ·mol-1.紧接熔化峰后NPMPN'2PU开始分解,分解峰只有一个,分解峰值温度为226.11℃.TG和DTG的实验结果表明,NPMPN'2PU失重的峰值为227.2℃,这些结果与DSC实验结果吻合.     

4-羟甲基吡啶的热力学性质

用精密自动绝热量热计测定了4-羟甲基吡啶在79～380 K温区的摩尔热容. 实验结果表明, 该化合物在79～301 K温区无相变和热异常现象发生, 在301～331 K, 发生固-液相变, 其熔化温度、摩尔熔化焓及摩尔熔化熵分别确定为：325.12 K, 11.78 kJ•mol^-1 和36.23 J•K^-1•mol^-1. 根据热力学函数关系式, 从热容值计算了4-羟甲基吡啶在80～380 K温区以标准状态（298.15 K）为基准的热力学函数值. 用热重法(TG)对该化合物的热稳定性作进一步考察, 从TG曲线上观察到该化合物在490 K有最大的蒸发失重速率.     

Measurement of high temperature heat content of silicon by drop calorimetry

Heat content of silicon has been measured in a temperature range of 700-1820 K using a drop calorimeter. Boron nitride was used as a sample crucible. The enthalpy of fusion and the melting point of silicon determined from the heat content-temperature plots are 48.31±0.18 kJ mol^-1 and 1687±5 K, respectively. The heat content and heat capacity equations were derived using the Shomate function for the solid region and the least square method for the liquid region, respectively, and compared with the literature values. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde (C7H4Cl2O)

Heat capacities of 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde have been measured with a high-precision automatic adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from (79 to 371) K. The melting temperature, molar enthalpy, and entropy of fusion were determined by the heat capacity measurements to be (347.24 ± 0.13) K, (20468 ± 19) J · mol⁻¹, and (58.94 ± 0.04) J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹, respectively. The melting temperatures for the sample and the absolutely pure compound have been obtained from fractional melting experiments to be (347.230 and 347.619) K, respectively, and the chemical purity of the sample was calculated to be 0.9921 mol fraction according to the Van't Hoff equation. Moreover, the solid-to-liquid phase transition of the substance was further investigated by using DSC technique. The results obtained from the heat capacity measurements were in agreement with those from the DSC analysis.     

水合烟酸铜Cu(Nic)2•H2O(s)(Nic＝烟酸)的合成、表征及热力学性质

近几十年来,烟酸盐类化合物或配合物由于优越的吸收率高和无毒副作用等特点使其在化妆品、药品和食品等领域作为营养添加剂具有重要应用前景。然而,这类化合物的基础热力学数据极其缺乏,从而限制了这类化合物的理论研究和应用开发的深入开展。为此,本论文利用室温固相合成方法和球磨技术合成了一种新化合物Cu(Nic)2•H2O(s),利用化学分析、元素分析、FTIR和X-射线粉末衍射技术表征了它的结构和组成,利用精密自动绝热热量计准确地测量了它在78-400 K温区的摩尔热容。在热容曲线的T ＝ 326-346 K温区观察到一个明显的固-液相变过程。利用相变温区三次重复实验热容的测量结果确定了此相变过程的峰温、相变焓和相变熵分别为：Tfus＝(341.290 ±0.873) K, DfusHm＝(13.582±0.012) kJ×mol-1, DfusSm＝(39.797±0.067) J×K-1×mol-1。通过最小二乘法将相变前和相变后的热容实验值分别拟合成了热容对温度的两个多项式方程。通过热容多项式方程的数值积分,得到了这个化合物的舒平热容值和相对于298.15 K的各种热力学函数值,并且将每隔5 K的热力学函数值列成了表格。     

乙醇和甲苯组成的最低共沸混合物热力学性质的研究

The molar heat capacity of the azeotropic mixture composed of ethanol and toluene was measured by a high precision adiabatic calorimeter from 80 to 320 K. The glass transition and phase transitions of the azeotropic mixture were determined based on the heat capacity measurements. A glass transition at 103.350 K was found. A solid-solid phase transition at 127.282 K, two solid-liquid phase transitions at 153.612 and 160.584 K were observed, which correspond to the transition of metastable crystal to stable crystal of ethanol and the melting of ethanol and toluene, respectively. The thermodynamic functions and the excess ones of the mixture relative to the standard temperature 298.15 K were derived based on the relationships of the thermodynamic functions and the function of the measured heat capacity with respect to temperature.     

Evaluation of heats of transition in scanning calorimetry

A procedure for the evaluation of heats of transition in scanning calorimetry has been developed. A formula for evaluation of the energy of fusion of a compound at its melting point is derived that takes into account the baseline shift that is attributable to the heat capacity change on melting. Several other calorimeter parameters of importance are discussed. These include heat exchange between calorimeter vessel and jacket, the time constant of the instrument, the scanning rate, and the heater placement.     

镨甘氨酸高氯酸盐的低温热容和标准生成焓的测定

The rare-earth perchlorate complex compound with DL-α-Glycin was synthesized. Its structure was characterized as Pr2(DL-α-Gly)6(H2O)4(ClO4)6·5H2O by TG, DTA and chemical analysis, and the purity was 99.63 %. The melting point analysis experiment indicates that the complex has no stable melting point. The heat capacity of the complex was measured by a high-precise fully-automated adiabatic calorimeter from 79 to 371 K. No obvious abnormal heat capacity was observed within this low temperature range. The thermal decomposition temperature range of the complex was near 333 K. Its decomposition temperature, decomposition enthalpy and entropy were 320.010 K, 40.714 kJ/mol and 127.227 J/molK, respectively. The polynomial equation of heat capacity of this compound was simulated by the computer within the temperature range of 78.939~301.295 K. The standard enthalpy of formation was -8022.802 kJ/mol measured by isoperable reaction calorimeter at 298.15 K.     

Heat Capacity and Enthalpy of Fusion of Crystalline Pyrimethanil Decylate (C22 H33 N3 O2)

IntroductionPyrimidinamines are heterocyclic compounds withnovel biological activities[1].They have been applied tomedicine and pesticide syntheses for their importantphysiological-action[2,3].Compared with the free py-rimethanil,pyrimethanil salts have a reduced vapourpressure,which increases the persistence of the com-pounds on crops and they have increased activities inmany aspects.Pyrimethanil decylate(molecular formu-la:C22H33N3O2)is an important new compound.Itcan be synthesized by the…