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利用烟气余热驱动有机朗肯循环,可以实现对其余热的综合梯级高效利用。以100℃~150℃烟气余热高效梯级利用为研究目标,综合考虑工质的热物性、安全性和环保性的影响,选取R113,R123,R11,R141b,R600,R245fa六种制冷剂作为有机朗肯循环的工质。基于热力学第二定律分析了六种工质参与的简单有机朗肯循环的效能,研究了热源温度对系统循环性能参数的影响。研究表明,有机朗肯循环的不可逆损失主要集中在蒸发器和膨胀机部分,冷凝器和水泵的损失较小,基本可以忽略;蒸发器部分损失最大,基本达到了总不可逆损失的一半。 相似文献
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本文选取湿流体R134a与R152a和干流体R123与R245fa为工质,对亚临界有机朗肯循环,采用不同的优化目标,进行了蒸发温度和冷凝温度的优化分析。在冷凝温度一定条件下,探讨了蒸发温度对系统性能的影响以及热源初始温度对工质最佳蒸发温度的影响。结果表明,在常见的排烟温度423.15 K条件下,采用干工质,不同优化目标下蒸发温度和冷凝温度优化值差异较大;而湿工质的蒸发温度和冷凝温度优化值差异较小。采用湿工质的系统优化的净电功大于干工质的,但热效率低。湿流体R134a与R152a临界温度低于热源初始温度(20±2)K时,系统存在最佳蒸发温度。可以合理调节系统部件中(火用)损来改变系统热力学性能。 相似文献
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有机朗肯循环是利用低温热源的有效措施之一,将非共沸混合工质应用于有机朗肯循环尚存在争论。从热力学角度研究了非共沸混合工质的选择与边界条件之间的关系,以典型的对称型混合工质R601a/R600和非对称型混合工质R245fa/R600a为例,以带内置热交换器的有机朗肯循环为研究对象,以系统净功最大化为目标,分析了冷凝泡点温度和冷却水温升固定时混合工质的最佳浓度及系统性能。研究结果表明不同边界条件的应用对非共沸混合工质的选择具有重大影响。当固定的冷凝泡点温度被采用时,非共沸混合工质的温度滑移现象会降低系统净功,当冷却水温升固定时,温度滑移的适当提高有利于系统净功的增加,但过高的温度滑移会降低系统净功。冷凝泡点温度等于冷却水初温和冷凝器节点温差之和时所对应的净功曲线对系统设计具备指导意义。 相似文献
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《工程热物理学报》2015,(3)
本文针对跨临界有机朗肯循环进行了热力计算,并根据工质的热物性与环保性能以及对应循环的热力学性能等因素,经过一系列筛选过程最终优选出了10种综合性能较好的跨临界有机朗肯循环工质。热力计算结果表明,部分有机工质对应的跨临界朗肯循环的效率随膨胀机进口温度或蒸发压力的变化存在最优值。基于此,本文进一步采用粒子群算法(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)对所选有机工质的跨临界朗肯循环性能进行了优化分析。优化结果表明,在所筛选的10种跨临界有机朗肯循环工质中非制冷剂工质propylene的综合性能最好,propane次之;而制冷剂工质中R143a的综合性能较好。 相似文献
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《Heat Recovery Systems and CHP》1994,14(1):67-77
This communication presents a thermodynamic analysis and assessment of a Freon fluid Rankine cycle cooling system. The system consists of two subsystems—Rankine engine (RE) power cycle and a vapour compression (V-C) refrigeration cycle. The heat engine subsystem consists of a boiler, turbine, condenser and a feed pump while the cooling subsystem consists of a mechanical compressor, condenser, evaporator and an expansion valve. A number of working fluid combinations for the RE cycle and V-C cycle subsystems have been chosen on the basis of their thermodynamic properties and their suitability judged in terms of the performance parameters, namely, the thermal efficiency of the power cycle and the coefficient of performance (COP) of the refrigeration cycle. A regenerative heat exchanger (RHE) is incorporated in the RE cycle to improve the cycle efficiency and achieve energy conservation.The effects of various operation parameters, namely, component temperatures, adiabatic expansion/compression efficiencies and effectiveness of the RHE on the overall COP have been assessed. It is found that R114 + R22 give the best overall system performance and the presence of the RHE improves the system COP significantly. The effect of V-C cycle condenser temperature is more pronounced as compared to that of the RE cycle condenser and similarly the effect of evaporator temperature in the V-C cycle is more pronounced as compared to that of the boiler in the Rankine cycle subsystem. 相似文献
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有机朗肯循环发电技术是基于有机朗肯循环(Organic Rankine Cycle, ORC),利用低沸点有机工质,将低品位的余热资源转换为高品位的电能的先进技术,能够有效提高能源的利用率,减少能源损失。针对工业过程中大量中低温余热受到各种限制难以回收利用难题,全面综述了有机工质朗肯循环低温余热发电技术现状和进展,具体包括循环工质、关键设备、系统优化以及产业应用等。分析表明,该技术可广泛用于地热能、生物质能、太阳热能等领域的低品位热能开发与利用,其产业化推广将有效提高普遍存在的低温余热利用效率。 相似文献
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《Heat Recovery Systems and CHP》1992,12(2):143-158
Power generation with low temperature geothermal resources is not economically viable due to the poor thermal efficiency of organic Rankine cycles (ORC). A novel idea is proposed where a vapour absorption chiller (VAC) can be employed to lower the ORC condensing temperature, thus increasing its power output. This paper presents detailed analysis of a VAC that operates with water-lithium bromide to extract heat from the geothermal brine leaving the ORC vaporizer. The evaporator of the VAC serves as the ORC condenser. A computer program is coded to simulate the combined ORC-VAC performance and compare it with that of the conventional ORC. The results indicate that the ORC-VAC option would render power generation more economical. The organic fluid flow rate in the ORC per unit power output is cut by at least 50% in this case, thus reducing the ORC size and turbine cost. Moreover, even though the ORC-VAC includes more components, the total heat exchange area requirement per unit power output remains practically unchanged. 相似文献
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《Heat Recovery Systems and CHP》1990,10(2):161-175
This paper discusses a configuration of a Rankine cycle engine-driven heat pump, and includes a theoretical investigation of its performance characteristics. The system employs a Rankine power cycle, using R-113 as the working fluid, coupled to a vapour compression cycle heat pump using R-22. A novel feature of the concept is the use of hydraulically connected rolling diaphragm piston-cylinder devices as motor, compressor and pump.Heating and cooling COPs of 2.01 and 1.06 respectively are predicted, making the system potentially attractive where both heating and cooling are required. 相似文献
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燃气发电是我国城市供电的主要形式之一,针对LNG接收站一体的电厂发电模式进行研究,提出一种新型燃气-蒸汽联合循环热电联供系统,利用超临界CO2布雷顿循环结合有机朗肯循环(ORC)辅助发电,将LNG作为冷源,对烟气余热进行三级利用。通过构建热力学和经济模型,以Aspen Plus软件模拟值为基础,结果表明:在消耗燃料1.704 kg/s(LNG)的条件下,联合循环净发电功率可达45 MW,供热量41.5 MW,余热利用率,热效率和?效率分别为88.50%,52.79%和46.69%。结合热-经济学与参数分析,利用Matlab优化后的最小单位发电成本为0.1529 CNY/kWh。考虑到碳排放价格,供电、供热、供气收益,燃料价格和设备成本,电厂每年的理想收益可达2989.5万元。 相似文献
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《Heat Recovery Systems and CHP》1993,13(5):409-418
The thermodynamic performance of a variety fluids circulated in an ideal organic Rankine cycle (ORC) engine has been evaluated with the aid of the Iwai-Margerum-Lu equation of state. Two merit number indices were also calculated to represent the inherent heat-transfer capability of the working media at evaporation and condensation, respectively. The result indicated that the thermophysical capability of compounds correlates with the fluid's normal boiling point, critical pressure and molecular weight. It also showed that HCFC-123 could be one of the most favourable ozone-safe working fluids for the ORC energy-recovery system. 相似文献
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有机朗肯循环系统及其透平设计研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文对可用于工业低温余热回收的有机朗肯循环(ORC)热力系统进行简述,采用热力学第一定律、热力学第二定律分析ORC热力系统及其效率,并对有机工质动力透平的特点及设计造型进行概述。最后采用F11,R123,R245ca,R600和R600a为工质,设计有机朗肯系统回收某一工业余热,并以R123为工质进行有机工质透平的气动设计、造型设计和CFD模拟计算研究,并对透平进行造型优化。研究表明,以R123为工质的有机朗肯循环系统能有效可靠利用该工业余热,所设计的有机工质透平基本达到设计要求,透平造型的优化设计能有效改善透平叶轮内部流动。 相似文献