若干强非线性问题的近似解析解

本文采用作者提出的修正的完全近似法,分析几个强非线性振动和波动问题。首先研究一类虽非线性振动问题,并对修正的van der Pol振子,较为简捷地给出了它的极限环解的二阶近似表达式,与文献[3]中用推广的平均法得出的结果一致。接着分析修正的KdV方程,得到了孤立波的正确的二阶渐近解。最后,对于有五阶色散项的推广的KdV方程,在三阶近似下,导得了孤立波的渐近解,解析地给出了振荡型孤立波解的形式。这些结果表明,修正的完全近似法可以有效地应用于一些强非线性数学问题的研究。     

一类缓变 KdV 方程的精确求解

<正> [1]讨论了缓变 KdV 方程U_t+α(T)UU_x+β(T)U_(xxx)=0,(1)其中α(T),β(T)>0,T=εt,ε(?)1.这种方程对于渠道截面和流动介质有缓慢变化的弱非线性弱色散系统是一种近似度相当好的数学描述.这里只讨论α(T)>0,实际上作适当变换,已包含α(T)<0的情况.文[1]运用摄动法给出了此方程的首项近似解,这些结果与文[2,3]是相同的.本文则指出在一定条件下,缓变 KdV 方程(1)可以转换到通常的常系数 KdV 方程.我们考虑变换     

推广的KdV方程特征问题解的存在唯一性

推广的KdV方程u_t+αuu_x+μu_x3+εu_x5=0[1]是典型的可积方程.它先后在研究冷等离子体中磁声波的传播[2],传输线中孤立波[3]和分层流体中界面孤立波[4]时导出.本文对推广的KdV方程的特征问题,在Riemann函数的基础上,设计一恰当结构,并由此化待征问题为一与之等价的积分微分方程.而该积分微分方程对应的映射E是列自身的映射[5],依不动点原理,积分微分方程有唯一的正则解,即推广的KdV方程的特征问题有唯一解,且由积分微分方程序列所得的迭代解于Ω上一致收敛.     

一个两流体系统中mKdV孤立波的迎撞*

本文从文[2]的基本方程出发,采用约化摄动方法和PLK方法,讨论了三阶非线性和色散效应相平衡的修正的KdV(mKdV)孤立波迎撞问题.这些波在流体密度比等于流体深度比平方的两流体系统界面上传播.我们求得了二阶摄动解,发现在不考虑非均匀相移的情况下,碰撞后孤立波保持原有的形状,这与Fornberg和whitham[6]的追撞数值分析结果一致,但当考虑波的非均匀相移后,碰撞后波形将变化.     

具有高阶非线性项的广义KdV方程的孤立波及其分支

研究具有高阶非线性项的广义KdV方程ut+a(1+bun)unux+uxxx=0,这里n≥1,a,b是实数且a≠0.用动力系统的定性理论和分支方法,讨论了该方程的孤立波解的解析表达式和孤立波的分支,并给出了孤立波的分支图,解决了孤立波的存在性及其个数等问题.     

三层流体系统中孤立波的产生

采用约化摄动方法导出了三层流体系统中各界面所遵循的KdV方程,讨论了流体深度对孤立波产生的影响,将波分为快模式、中间模式和慢模式波后发现慢模式波的结果与已有的实验结果定性上一致.此外,还发现自由面上可能存在下凹的孤立波,这有待于实验的验证.     

一类5阶KdV方程的孤立波解

近年来,关于3阶KdV方程的孤立波解得到迅速发展,而对于5阶KdV方程的孤立波解文献报道较少.本文主要采用Sine-Cosine展开法得到了一类5阶KdV方程的孤立波解;然后利用Matlab计算软件,获得了孤立波解的图形,其结果展示了孤立子与系数之间的相互关系;最后,应用所得的结果分别得到了Lax方程, SK方程, CDG方程的孤立波解.     

流体流过下凹地形的共振流动

本文讨论流体流过下凹地形时共振产生非线性毛细重力波.采用摄动方法,导出了一个具负强迫力的KdV方程.采用拟谱方法,对所得方程进行了数值分析,给出了在超临界,亚临界以及精确共振情形的数值结果.     

n维B—BBM方程和B—KdV方程的一类准确行波解

本文求出了n维BBM方程u_i+udivu-δ△u_i=0和n维B-BBM方程u_i+udivu-μ△u-δ△u_i=0的一类指数函数的有理分式形式的准确行波解.对n维B-BBM方程的这类行波解可分解为n维Burgers方程的某行波解与n维BBM方程的某行波解的线性组合.文中还对n维KdV方程u_i+udivu+δ=0和n维B-KdV方程u_i+udivu-μ△u+δ=0给出了类似的结论.     

KdV-Burgers-RLW方程的高精度差分格式

初值问题的差分解法,参数ε≥0,μ≥0. 这一方程当ε=μ=0时为KdV方程,δ=ε=0时为Burgers方程,而当δ=μ=0时为RLW方程.对于方程(1),已设计了许多计算格式.对于KdV方程,最早的格式当推Zabusky-Kruskal,后来有[2—6].对于RLW方程,也有许多工作.对于Burgers方程,格式就更多了.非线性波动方     

Solitary wave solutions of the high-order KdV models for bi-directional water waves

An approach, which allows us to construct specific closed-form solitary wave solutions for the KdV-like water-wave models obtained through the Boussinesq perturbation expansion for the two-dimensional water wave problem in the limit of long wavelength/small amplitude waves, is developed. The models are relevant to the case of the bi-directional waves with the amplitude of the left-moving wave of O(ϵ) (ϵ is the amplitude parameter) as compared with that of the right-moving wave. We show that, in such a case, the Boussinesq system can be decomposed into a system of coupled equations for the right- and left-moving waves in which, to any order of the expansion, one of the equations is dependent only on the (main) right-wave elevation and takes the form of the high-order KdV equation with arbitrary coefficients whereas the second equation includes both elevations. Then the explicit solitary wave solutions constructed via our approach may be treated as the exact solutions of the infinite-order perturbed KdV equations for the right-moving wave with the properly specified high-order coefficients. Such solutions include, in a sense, contributions of all orders of the asymptotic expansion and therefore may be considered to a certain degree as modelling the solutions of the original water wave problem under proper initial conditions. Those solitary waves, although stemming from the KdV solitary waves, possess features found neither in the KdV solitons nor in the solutions of the first order perturbed KdV equations.     

Small amplitude limit of solitary waves for the Euler–Poisson system

The one-dimensional Euler–Poisson system arises in the study of phenomena of plasma such as plasma solitons, plasma sheaths, and double layers. When the system is rescaled by the Gardner–Morikawa transformation, the rescaled system is known to be formally approximated by the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation. In light of this, we show existence of solitary wave solutions of the Euler–Poisson system in the stretched moving frame given by the transformation, and prove that they converge to the solitary wave solution of the associated KdV equation as the small amplitude parameter tends to zero. Our results assert that the formal expansion for the rescaled system is mathematically valid in the presence of solitary waves and justify Sagdeev's formal approximation for the solitary wave solutions of the pressureless Euler–Poisson system. Our work extends to the isothermal case.     

组合KdV方程的孤立波解与相似解

本文讨论组合KdV方程孤立波解的一个性质,指出该方程可化为Painlevé方程,并利用相似变量的特殊变换导出一类新的偏微分方程.     

Soliton interaction for the extended Korteweg-de Vries equation

Soliton interactions for the extended Korteweg-de Vries (KdV)equation are examined. It is shown that the extended KdV equationcan be transformed (to its order of approximation) to a higher-ordermember of the KdV hierarchy of integrable equations. This transformationis used to derive the higher-order, two-soliton solution forthe extended KdV equation. Hence it follows that the higher-ordersolitary-wave collisions are elastic, to the order of approximationof the extended KdV equation. In addition, the higher-ordercorrections to the phase shifts are found. To examine the exactnature of higher-order, solitary-wave collisions, numericalresults for various special cases (including surface waves onshallow water) of the extended KdV equation are presented. Thenumerical results show evidence of inelastic behaviour wellbeyond the order of approximation of the extended KdV equation;after collision, a dispersive wavetrain of extremely small amplitudeis found behind the smaller, higher-order solitary wave.     

Dust-acoustic solitary waves in a two-temperature electrons with charge fluctuations and nonisothermal ions

In this paper, a modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) equation and Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation at critical ion density are derived for dusty plasmas consisting of hot dust fluid, nonisothermal ions and two-temperature electrons. The charge fluctuation dynamics of the dust grains has also been considered. It has been shown that the presence of a second component of electrons modifies the nature of dust acoustic (DA) solitary structures. The effects of two-temperature electrons, obliqueness and external magnetic field on the properties of DA solitary waves are discussed. Numerical investigations show that there exists only rarefactive solitary waves.     

Cnoidal wave trains and solitary waves in a dissipation-modified Korteweg-de Vries equation

A generalization of the Korteweg-de Vries equation incorporating an energy input-output balance, hence a dissipation-modified KdV equation is considered. The equation is relevant to describe, for instance, nonlinear Marangoni-Bénard oscillatory instability in a liquid layer heated from above. Cnoidal waves and solitary waves of this equation are obtained both asymptotically and numerically.     

A Long Wave Approximation for Capillary-Gravity Waves and an Effect of the Bottom

The Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation is known as a model of long waves in an infinitely long canal over a flat bottom and approximates the 2-dimensional water wave problem, which is a free boundary problem for the incompressible Euler equation with the irrotational condition. In this article, we consider the validity of this approximation in the case of the presence of the surface tension. Moreover, we consider the case where the bottom is not flat and study an effect of the bottom to the long wave approximation. We derive a system of coupled KdV like equations and prove that the dynamics of the full problem can be described approximately by the solution of the coupled equations for a long time interval. We also prove that if the initial data and the bottom decay at infinity in a suitable sense, then the KdV equation takes the place of the coupled equations.     

Travelling waves of the KP equations with transverse modulations

Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equations arise genetically in modelling nonlinear wave propagation for primarily unidirectional long waves of small amplitude with weak transverse dependence. In the case when transverse dispersion is positive (such as for water waves with large surface tension) we investigate the existence of transversely modulated travelling waves near one-dimensional solitary waves. Using bifurcation theory we show the existence of a unique branch of periodically modulated solitary waves. Then, we briefly discuss the case when the transverse dispersion is negative (such as for water waves with zero surface tension).     

Orbital stability of solitary waves for Kundu equation

In this paper, we consider the Kundu equation which is not a standard Hamiltonian system. The abstract orbital stability theory proposed by Grillakis et al. (1987, 1990) cannot be applied directly to study orbital stability of solitary waves for this equation. Motivated by the idea of Guo and Wu (1995), we construct three invariants of motion and use detailed spectral analysis to obtain orbital stability of solitary waves for Kundu equation. Since Kundu equation is more complex than the derivative Schrödinger equation, we utilize some techniques to overcome some difficulties in this paper. It should be pointed out that the results obtained in this paper are more general than those obtained by Guo and Wu (1995). We present a sufficient condition under which solitary waves are orbitally stable for 2c₃+s₂υ<0, while Guo and Wu (1995) only considered the case 2c₃+s₂υ>0. We obtain the results on orbital stability of solitary waves for the derivative Schrödinger equation given by Colin and Ohta (2006) as a corollary in this paper. Furthermore, we obtain orbital stability of solitary waves for Chen-Lee-Lin equation and Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation, respectively.