基于高分辨气体稳定同位素质谱仪的甲烷团簇同位素测定EI北大核心CSCD

甲烷团簇同位素中质量数为18的13CH3D和12CH2D22种同位素体具有独特的化学和物理性质,可以为甲烷成因的研究提供重要信息。依托国内高分辨气体稳定同位素质谱仪(HR-IRMS),调节分辨能和修正各种参数,在高分辨模式下优化测试时间及多种参数,建立了甲烷团簇同位素测试方法。基于该方法,连续分析δ13CH3D和δ12CH2D2的测试精度分别达到0.27‰和1.55‰。     

显微激光拉曼光谱测定二氧化碳碳同位素

利用自行设计的装置,在不同压力(密度)下对13CO2气体和12CO2标准气体样品进行了在线显微激光拉曼测试,获得CO2碳同位素分子的拉曼特征峰。对实验数据分析发现,13CO2和12CO2特征峰峰强、峰强比、峰面积及峰面积比值与其密度之间存在良好的线性关系,通过线性拟合,给出了拉曼参数计算经验公式,可以建立起单个流体包裹体CO2稳定同位素激光拉曼测试方法。     

钐同位素丰度的绝对测量

建立了钐同位素丰度高精度的质谱测量法。对样品形态选择、离子转换效率、离子传输效率和离子接收效率进行研究,消除了浓缩同位素测量时强峰拖尾对弱峰的干扰及同量异位素干扰。用已知化学纯度的^152Sm、^154Sm两种浓缩同位素,通过化学计量配制人工合成校正样品,测量质谱计的系统误差校正系数,对用该仪器测量的来自不同地域矿物和试剂样品中钐元素天然同位素的丰度比数据进行校正,准确求得钐同位素的丰度。     

~(12)CO_2/~(13)CO_2体系中碳同位素的显微激光拉曼光谱研究

采用自行设计的装置制备了一系列不同比例的12CO2/13 CO2混合物,对混合物样品进行显微激光拉曼测试,获得CO2气体碳同位素分子的拉曼特征峰。对实验数据分析发现,12CO2的摩尔分数[x(12CO2)]与12CO2/13 CO2混合物中拉曼特征峰峰面积比之间存在数学关系式。根据拟合的关系式,利用显微激光拉曼光谱可以预测CO2气体碳同位素的组成,并为以后预测单个流体包裹体中12CO2的摩尔分数奠定了理论基础。     

[BxAl13-x]-(x=0～13)二元团簇的密度泛函理论研究

采用遗传算法（Genetic algorithm,GA）对B-Al二元团簇[B_xAl_13-x]^-（x=0～13）进行了全局结构搜索,并在密度泛函理论（Density Functional Theory,DFT）下对其进行了优化计算. 结果表明在二元团簇中,随着硼原子的数量逐渐增加,团簇的结构由二十面体（3D）逐渐转化为准平面（2D）且团簇结构由B与Al原子的比例所决定的. 当x=0～7时,Al原子占多数,团簇保持3D结构;反之团簇呈现2D构型;在x=7～8时,团簇的结构发生由3D向2D的转变. 能量决定着团簇的稳定性（例如相对能量）. 能量越小,其结构越稳定. 在计算相对能量E_rel,当x=1时,其相对能量最低,团簇结构最稳定. 为了进一步了解团簇的稳定性,计算了[B_xAl_13-x]^- 团簇的HOMO-LUMO能级差（E_H-L）和垂直电离能（Vertical Detachment Energies,VDE）,并且发现它们的值在整体上是随着B原子数量的增加而减小,表明其团簇的稳定性逐渐减弱. 在所有的团簇中,BAl₁₂^-的能级差最大,结构最稳定. 因此文章中对其进行了分子轨道分析,发现当一个B原子替代了Al₁₃^-团簇中的中心Al原子时,所得到的BAl₁₂^-的电子壳层结构的1s²和1p⁶几乎和Al₁₃^-团簇保持一致. 此外,对于x=13时的准平面全硼团簇B₁₃^-,文章中用适应性自然密度划分（Adaptive Natural Density Partitioning,AdNDP）对其化学成键进行了分析,结果显示B₁₃^-有8个π电子,具有π反芳香性.     

Pb_n(n=2～30)团簇结构及铅晶体表面过程的计算机模拟

本文作者近年来采用 Ｍｕｒｒｅｌｌ等提出的有效的二体加三体展开势能函数（ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｔｗｏ－ｐｌｕｓ－ｔｈｒｅｅ－ｂｏｄｙ ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ ｅｎｅｒｇｙ ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ）研究过 Ｓｉｎ［１］、Ｇｅｎ［２］及 Ｘｎ［３］（Ｘ＝Ｌｉ,Ｎａ,Ｋ等）等微团簇的结构和相对稳定性,并提出笼状锗结构预测［４］。本文试图将这一具有简单解析形式的势能函数模型推广到Ｐｂｎ团簇及面心立方晶体铅表面过程的计算机模拟。对Ｐｂｎ这样的重金属团簇,从头计算结果还仅限于 Ｐｂ２、Ｐｂ３和 Ｐｂ４,实验中观察到 Ｐｂ７结构中…     

TiP2^+,TiP4^+,Ti2P4^+二元团簇的理论研究

利用含有电子相关效应校正的密度泛函理论DFT中的B3LYP方法,选择LANL2DZ双ξ基组,并考虑极化函数,对TiP2^+,TiP4^+,Ti2P4^+二元团簇各种可能存在的几何构型及电子结构进行了密度泛函理论研究,得到了TimPn^+二元团族的最稳定构型,其中TiP2^+的最稳定构型为C2v对称性的三角形,TiP4^+的最稳定构型亦具有C2v对称性,Ti2P4^+的最稳定构型为具有D2d对称性的共边双四面体,所得构型很好地说明了激光光解的实验结果。     

GC–IRMS测定白色块状天然气水合物气体中的碳氢同位素

研究了GC–IRMS联用技术测定烃类气体碳氢稳定同位素的方法。利用气相色谱仪将烃类气体各组分分开,通过高温燃烧/裂解转化为CO2和H2,然后导入MAT–253稳定同位素质谱仪进行测试。用该方法测试的标准甲烷气体碳、氢同位素值和其标定值一致,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0.222‰和0.950‰。用该法测定了广东沿海珠江口盆地东部海域首次钻获的高纯度天然气水合物样品所释放的烃类气体碳氢稳定同位素值,其中δ13C为–69.78‰(VPDB),δD为–184.4‰(VSMOW)。GC–IRMS法精确度高,可用范围广,适用于海洋天然气水合物样品所释放烃类气体碳氢同位素的测定。     

中性团簇(CeO_2)_m(m=1～3)活化甲烷C—H的密度泛函理论计算

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算了CH4在电中性(Ce O2)m(m=1~3)团簇上的活化情况,并对其机理进行了探讨.计算结果表明,甲烷C—H键在团簇上的活化为亲核加成模式,电子由团簇流向甲烷C—H反键轨道,使甲烷C—H键削弱而得以活化,反应的过渡态为四中心结构.团簇的桥氧位活化甲烷C—H键的活性大于端氧位,而三重桥氧位的活性高于二重桥氧位.团簇中作用位点Ce和O原子的电荷布居与其活化甲烷C—H的能力密切相关.溶剂的存在不仅降低了甲烷C—H活化自由能垒,而且使与甲烷作用的团簇各位点的活性差异缩小.     

BaF2/La2O3催化剂上甲烷氧化偶联反应活性氧物种的原位红外光谱

用原位红外光谱研究了BaF2/La2O3催化剂上甲烷氧化偶联反应的活性氧物种.结果表明,催化剂经O2预吸附后,在1 108~1 118 cm-1处出现超氧物种O2-的O-O键伸缩振动峰.经18O2同位素交换实验后,原1 108~1 118 cm-1处谱峰的强度减弱,同时在1 086和1 051 cm-1处出现(O18O)-物种和18O2-物种的吸收峰.同位素交换实验进一步确证了1 108~1 118cm-1处谱峰确为O2-物种的吸收峰.在700℃下,O2-物种能够活化CH4生成C2H4,而且O2-物种的消耗量和C2H4的生成量呈很好的消长对应关系.超氧物种O2-是BaF2/La2O3催化剂上甲烷氧化偶联反应的活性氧物种.     

Sc2MgGa2 and Y2MgGa2

Scandium magnesium gallide, Sc₂MgGa₂, and yttrium magnesium gallide, Y₂MgGa₂, were synthesized from the corresponding elements by heating under an argon atmosphere in an induction furnace. These intermetallic compounds crystallize in the tetragonal Mo₂FeB₂‐type structure. All three crystallographically unique atoms occupy special positions and the site symmetries of (Sc/Y, Ga) and Mg are m2m and 4/m, respectively. The coordinations around Sc/Y, Mg and Ga are pentagonal (Sc/Y), tetragonal (Mg) and triangular (Ga) prisms, with four (Mg) or three (Ga) additional capping atoms leading to the coordination numbers [10], [8+4] and [6+3], respectively. The crystal structure of Sc₂MgGa₂ was determined from single‐crystal diffraction intensities and the isostructural Y₂MgGa₂ was identified from powder diffraction data.     

Electrochemical study of (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2 and (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2FeCl2

Summary The ability of [MoS₄]^2–, anions to be used as ligands for transition metal ions has been widely demonstrated, especially with Fe²⁺. The present study has been restricted to linear complexes such as (NEt₄)₂ [Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂] and (NEt₄)₂[Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂FeCl₂]. Their electrochemical properties are described: upon electrochemical reduction, these compounds yield MoS₂, as a black precipitate, and an iron complex in solution, assumed to be [SFeCl₂]^2–. The electrochemical reduction goes through two electron transfers, coupled with the breakdown of the molecular skeleton: a DISPl and an ECE mechanism. Depending on the solvent, the following equilibrium may be observed: [Cl₄Fe₂MoS₄]^2–[Cl₂FeMoS₄]^2–+FeCl₂. The equilibrium constant, K_D, was evaluated by differential pulse polarography. K_D is tightly related to the donor number of the solvent.     

The alkali hypophosphites KH2PO2, RbH2PO2 and CsH2PO2

The structures of the hypophosphites KH₂PO₂ (potassium hypophosphite), RbH₂PO₂ (rubidium hypophosphite) and CsH₂PO₂ (caesium hypophosphite) have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structures consist of layers of alkali cations and hypophosphite anions, with the latter bridging four cations within the same layer. The Rb and Cs hypophosphites are isomorphous.     

Zur Kenntnis der Dialkalimetalldichalkogenide β-Na2S2, K2S2, α-Rb2S2, β-Rb2S2, K2Se2, Rb2Se2, α-K2Te2, β-K2Te2 und Rb2Te2

On Dialkali Metal Dichalcogenides β-Na₂S₂, K₂S₂, α-Rb₂S₂, β-Rb₂S₂, K₂Se₂, Rb₂Se₂, α-K₂Te₂, β-K₂Te₂ and Rb₂Te₂ The first presentation of pure samples of α- and β-Rb₂S₂, α- and β-K₂Te₂, and Rb₂Te₂ is described. Using single crystals of K₂S₂ and K₂Se₂, received by ammonothermal synthesis, the structure of the Na₂O₂ type and by using single crystals of β-Na₂S₂ and β-K₂Te₂ the Li₂O₂ type structure will be refined. By combined investigations with temperature-dependent Guinier-, neutron diffraction-, thermal analysis, and Raman-spectroscopy the nature of the monotropic phase transition from the Na₂O₂ type to the Li₂O₂ type will be explained by means of the examples α-/β-Na₂S₂ and α-/β-K₂Te₂. A further case of dimorphic condition as well as the monotropic phase transition of α- and β-Rb₂S₂ is presented. The existing areas of the structure fields of the dialkali metal dichalcogenides are limited by the model of the polar covalence.     

Formal [(2+2)+2] and [(2+2)+(2+2)] nonconjugated dienediyne cascade cycloadditions

[reaction: see text] Fluoranthene 2 and heptacycle 3 are easily accessible from the reaction of diyne 1 and norbornadiene (NBD) in the presence of the rhodium catalyst. The unusual [(2+2)+(2+2)] adduct 3 was confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure analysis.     

Crystal Structures of [Bu2Sn(O2PPh2)2], [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2], and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2. Raman Spectra of [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2] and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2

[(n‐Bu)₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 1 ), and [Ph₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 2 ) have been synthesized by the reactions of R₂SnCl₂ (R=n‐Bu, Ph) with HO₂PPh₂ in Methanol. From the reaction of Ph₂SnCl₂ with diphenylphosphinic acid a third product [PhClSn(O₂PPh₂)OMe]₂ ( 3 ) could be isolated. X‐ray diffraction studies show 1 to crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 1303.7(1) pm, b = 2286.9(2) pm, c = 1063.1(1) pm, β = 94.383(6)°, and Z = 4. 2 crystallizes triclinic in the space group , the cell parameters being a = 1293.2(2) pm, b = 1478.5(4) pm, c = 1507.2(3) pm, α = 98.86(3)°, β = 109.63(2)°, γ = 114.88(2)°, and Z = 2. Both compounds form arrays of eight‐membered rings (SnOPO)₂ linked at the tin atoms to form chains of infinite length. The dimer 3 consists of a like ring, in which the tin atoms are bridged by methoxo groups. It crystallizes triclinic in space group with a = 946.4(1) pm, b = 963.7(1) pm, c = 1174.2(1) pm, α = 82.495(6)°, β = 66.451(6)°, γ = 74.922(6)°, and Z = 1 for the dimer. The Raman spectra of 2 and 3 are given and discussed.     

Die Photoionenspektren von SCl2, S2Cl2 und S2Br2

Photoionization Mass Spectra of SCl₂, S₂Cl₂, and S₂Br₂ Photoionization mass spectra of SCl₂, S₂Cl₂, and S₂Br₂ have been measured. Heats of formation, bond energies, and ionization potentials of fragments have been calculated from appearance potentials.