全文获取类型
收费全文 | 34003篇 |
免费 | 4705篇 |
国内免费 | 6030篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 18573篇 |
晶体学 | 467篇 |
力学 | 3193篇 |
综合类 | 694篇 |
数学 | 11281篇 |
物理学 | 10530篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 53篇 |
2023年 | 324篇 |
2022年 | 756篇 |
2021年 | 829篇 |
2020年 | 897篇 |
2019年 | 772篇 |
2018年 | 800篇 |
2017年 | 1131篇 |
2016年 | 1289篇 |
2015年 | 1057篇 |
2014年 | 1742篇 |
2013年 | 2475篇 |
2012年 | 2532篇 |
2011年 | 2046篇 |
2010年 | 1787篇 |
2009年 | 2147篇 |
2008年 | 2427篇 |
2007年 | 2563篇 |
2006年 | 2213篇 |
2005年 | 2084篇 |
2004年 | 1952篇 |
2003年 | 1624篇 |
2002年 | 1489篇 |
2001年 | 1197篇 |
2000年 | 1112篇 |
1999年 | 1046篇 |
1998年 | 902篇 |
1997年 | 792篇 |
1996年 | 726篇 |
1995年 | 720篇 |
1994年 | 543篇 |
1993年 | 438篇 |
1992年 | 437篇 |
1991年 | 394篇 |
1990年 | 283篇 |
1989年 | 199篇 |
1988年 | 199篇 |
1987年 | 136篇 |
1986年 | 129篇 |
1985年 | 112篇 |
1984年 | 81篇 |
1983年 | 48篇 |
1982年 | 56篇 |
1981年 | 48篇 |
1980年 | 34篇 |
1979年 | 29篇 |
1978年 | 20篇 |
1977年 | 16篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Rose Morris-Wright 《Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra》2021,225(1):106468
Parabolic subgroups are the building blocks of Artin groups. This paper extends previous results of Cumplido, Gebhardt, Gonzales-Meneses and Wiest, known only for parabolic subgroups of finite type Artin groups, to parabolic subgroups of FC-type Artin groups. We show that the class of finite type parabolic subgroups is closed under intersection. We also study an analog of the curve complex for mapping class group constructed by Cumplido et al. using parabolic subgroups. We extend the construction of this complex, called the complex of parabolic subgroups, to FC-type Artin groups. We show that this simplicial complex is, in most cases, infinite diameter and conjecture that it is δ-hyperbolic. 相似文献
2.
3.
为提高煤与瓦斯突出矿井瓦斯抽放效果,建立了3个一级指标、14个二级指标的突出矿井瓦斯抽放限制影响因素评价指标体系,利用AHP和熵权法分别确定指标因子主、客观权重.通过实地调研分析和反馈验证了AHP-熵权法的可行性和正确性,利用加权平均法确定评价模型的综合权重.研究表明:封孔方式、钻孔半径、抽放时间、煤体裂隙发育程度和抽放负压是目前影响煤矿瓦斯抽放效果的主控因素. 相似文献
4.
5.
Claudius Gros 《Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,23(2)
Human societies are characterized by three constituent features, besides others. (A) Options, as for jobs and societal positions, differ with respect to their associated monetary and non-monetary payoffs. (B) Competition leads to reduced payoffs when individuals compete for the same option as others. (C) People care about how they are doing relatively to others. The latter trait—the propensity to compare one’s own success with that of others—expresses itself as envy. It is shown that the combination of (A)–(C) leads to spontaneous class stratification. Societies of agents split endogenously into two social classes, an upper and a lower class, when envy becomes relevant. A comprehensive analysis of the Nash equilibria characterizing a basic reference game is presented. Class separation is due to the condensation of the strategies of lower-class agents, which play an identical mixed strategy. Upper-class agents do not condense, following individualist pure strategies. The model and results are size-consistent, holding for arbitrary large numbers of agents and options. Analytic results are confirmed by extensive numerical simulations. An analogy to interacting confined classical particles is discussed. 相似文献
6.
Dynamical analysis,circuit realization,and application in pseudorandom number generators of a fractional-order laser chaotic system 下载免费PDF全文
Chenguang Ma 《中国物理 B》2021,30(12):120504-120504
A new five-dimensional fractional-order laser chaotic system (FOLCS) is constructed by incorporating complex variables and fractional calculus into a Lorentz-Haken-type laser system. Dynamical behavior of the system, circuit realization and application in pseudorandom number generators are studied. Many types of multi-stable states are discovered in the system. Interestingly, there are two types of state transition phenomena in the system, one is the chaotic state degenerates to a periodical state, and the other is the intermittent chaotic oscillation. In addition, the complexity of the system when two parameters change simultaneously is measured by the spectral entropy algorithm. Moreover, a digital circuit is design and the chaotic oscillation behaviors of the system are verified on this circuit. Finally, a pseudo-random sequence generator is designed using the FOLCS, and the statistical characteristics of the generated pseudo-random sequence are tested with the NIST-800-22. This study enriches the research on the dynamics and applications of FOLCS. 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
In this work, a vanillin complex is immobilized onto MCM-41 and characterized by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and BET techniques. This supported Schiff base complex was found to be an efficient and recoverable catalyst for the chemoselective oxidation of sulfides into sulfoxides and thiols into their corresponding disulfides (using hydrogen peroxide as a green oxidant) and also a suitable catalyst for the preparation of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives in water at 90°C. Using this protocol, we show that a variety of disulfides, sulfoxides, and 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives can be synthesized in green conditions. The catalyst can be recovered and recycled for further reactions without appreciable loss of catalytic performance. 相似文献
10.
Functional zinc(II) phthalocyanines bearing Schiff base complexes as oxidation catalysts for bleaching systems 下载免费PDF全文
Oxidation catalysis is used to increase the performance of hydrogen peroxide in laundry bleach applications. Bleach catalysts provide cost‐effective, energy‐saving and environmentally friendly bleach systems yielding perfect stain removal at lower temperatures. This comparative study is based on the synthesis of bis[bis(salicylhydrazonephenoxy)manganese(III)] phthalocyaninatozinc(II) ( 2 ), bis[bis(salicylhydrazonephenoxy)cobalt(III)] phthalocyaninatozinc(II) ( 3 ) and bis[bis(salicylhydrazonephenoxy)iron(III)] phthalocyaninatozinc(II) ( 4 ) as tri‐nuclear complexes consisting of two Schiff base complexes substituting a zinc phthalocyanine. Complexion on the periphery to obtain complexes 2 , 3 , 4 was performed through the reaction of a Schiff base‐substituted phthalocyanine using MnCl2?4H2O, CoCl2?6H2O or FeCl3?6H2O salts in basic condition in dimethylformamide. Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV–visible, inductively coupled plasma optical emission and mass spectra were applied to characterize the prepared compounds. The bleach performances of the three phthalocyanine compounds 2 , 3 , 4 were examined by the degradation of morin as hydrophilic dye. The degradation progress in the presence of catalysts 2 , 3 , 4 /H2O2 combination in aqueous solution was investigated using an online spectrophotometric method. It was found that the catalysts 2 , 3 , 4 exhibited better bleaching performance at 25 °C than tetraactylethylethylenediamine as bleach activator used in powder detergent formulations for stain removal. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献