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1.
Claudius Gros 《Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,23(2)
Human societies are characterized by three constituent features, besides others. (A) Options, as for jobs and societal positions, differ with respect to their associated monetary and non-monetary payoffs. (B) Competition leads to reduced payoffs when individuals compete for the same option as others. (C) People care about how they are doing relatively to others. The latter trait—the propensity to compare one’s own success with that of others—expresses itself as envy. It is shown that the combination of (A)–(C) leads to spontaneous class stratification. Societies of agents split endogenously into two social classes, an upper and a lower class, when envy becomes relevant. A comprehensive analysis of the Nash equilibria characterizing a basic reference game is presented. Class separation is due to the condensation of the strategies of lower-class agents, which play an identical mixed strategy. Upper-class agents do not condense, following individualist pure strategies. The model and results are size-consistent, holding for arbitrary large numbers of agents and options. Analytic results are confirmed by extensive numerical simulations. An analogy to interacting confined classical particles is discussed. 相似文献
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3.
西部开发中能源配置模型的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
开发西部丰富的能源资源,解决东部地区能源紧缺的矛盾,是东西部经济合作、优势互补、东西联动双赢战略研究的一项重要课题.在国家投资主体和市场经济条件下,以能源消费效益最大为目标,建立了基于边际效益均衡的能源空间配置优化模型;兼顾经济效益与环境效益的能源部门配置优化模型.结果显示,各地区、部门要获得更多的能源,就必须提高能源的使用效率,提高能源消费的边际效益,降低污染排放水平. 相似文献
4.
Dean A. Carlson 《Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications》2002,276(2):561-588
The method of equivalent variational methods, originally due to Carathéodory for free problems in the calculus of variations is extended to investigate feedback Nash equilibria for a class of n-person differential games. Both the finite-horizon and infinite-horizon cases are considered. Examples are given to illustrate the presented results. 相似文献
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6.
PANG Jin-qiao WU Ze-qing YAN Jun 《原子与分子物理学报》2006,23(Z1):37-40
The effects of highly doubly excited states on ionization balance are investigated. In the calculation, A Collisional-Radiative model in Detailed-Configuration-Accounting (DCA) is applied to population calculations for NLTE plasmas. Configuration-averaged rate coefficients that needed in the rate equations are obtained based on the first order perturbation theory. The Hatree-Fock-Slater self-consistent-field method is used to calculate the electron wave functions. The mean ionization stage of high-Z plasma Lu is presented. The comparison shows that the mean ionization stage increases more than 3 stages when doubly excited states 5l6l' and 5l5l' are not included in the population calculations. 相似文献
7.
Mikhail Andramonov 《Journal of Global Optimization》2002,24(2):115-132
We consider applications of disjunctive programming to global optimization and problems with equilibrium constraints. We propose a modification of the algorithm of F. Beaumont for disjunctive programming problems and show its numerical efficiency. 相似文献
8.
就一般非完整约束系统,从约束方程满足的变分恒等式出发,利用增广位形流形上的向量场定义三类非自由变分,即非完整变分:vakonomic变分、Hlder变分、Suslov变分,并讨论它们之间的关系以及它们成为自由变分的充要条件.利用非完整变分以及相应的积分变分原理建立两类动力学方程:vakonomic方程和Routh方程或Chaplygin方程.通过vakonomic方程分别与Routh方程和Chaplygin方程比较,得到它们具有共同解的两类充分必要条件.这些条件并不是约束的可积性条件.
关键词:
非完整约束
非完整变分
Chetaev条件
vakonomic动力学 相似文献
9.
Mathematical economics has a long history and covers many interdisciplinary areas between mathematics and economics. At its center lies the theory of market equilibrium. The purpose of this expository article is to introduce mathematicians to price decentralization in general equilibrium theory. In particular, it concentrates on the role of positivity in the theory of convex economic analysis and the role of normal cones in the theory of non-convex economies. 相似文献
10.
An applied cell mapping method for optimal control problems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
W. H. Zhu 《Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications》1989,60(3):485-500
From the application point of view, a series of modifications are proposed for the cell mapping method discussed in Ref. 1 for the optimal control analysis of dynamical systems. The cell order around the target set is rearranged. A set of common discriminate principles is used for the selection of the optimal one among competing control strategies of the same cost. Inequality constraints of the system are taken into account. The number of elements in the set of allowable time intervals is not prescribed, but left open. These modifications seem to make the cell mapping method more efficient for analyzing feedback systems and for obtaining their global optimal control information. The algorithms presented in this paper could broaden the application of the cell mapping approach of Ref. 1 to a wider class of engineering problems. 相似文献