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1.
Shunlong Luo 《Foundations of Physics》2002,32(11):1757-1772
We formulate an elementary statistical game which captures the essence of some fundamental quantum experiments such as photon polarization and spin measurement. We explore and compare the significance of the principle of maximum Shannon entropy and the principle of minimum Fisher information in solving such a game. The solution based on the principle of minimum Fisher information coincides with the solution based on an invariance principle, and provides an informational explanation of Malus' law for photon polarization. There is no solution based on the principle of maximum Shannon entropy. The result demonstrates the merits of Fisher information, and the demerits of Shannon entropy, in treating some fundamental quantum problems. It also provides a quantitative example in support of a general philosophy: Nature intends to hide Fisher information, while obeying some simple rules. 相似文献
2.
Piotr Garbaczewski 《Journal of statistical physics》2006,123(2):315-355
We analyze the functioning of Gibbs-type entropy functionals in the time domain, with emphasis on Shannon and Kullback-Leibler entropies of time-dependent continuous probability distributions. The Shannon entropy validity is extended to probability distributions inferred from L
2(R
n
) quantum wave packets. In contrast to the von Neumann entropy which simply vanishes on pure states, the differential entropy quantifies the degree of probability (de)localization and its time development. The associated dynamics of the Fisher information functional quantifies nontrivial power transfer processes in the mean, both in dissipative and quantum mechanical cases.
PACS NUMBERS: 05.45.+b, 02.50.-r, 03.65.Ta, 03.67.-a 相似文献
3.
The exponential functional of simple, symmetric random walks with negative
drift is an infinite polynomial Y = 1 + ξ1 + ξ1ξ2 + ξ1ξ2ξ3 + ⋯ of independent
and identically distributed non-negative random variables. It has moments that are
rational functions of the variables μ
k
= E(ξ
k
) < 1 with universal coefficients. It
turns out that such a coefficient is equal to the number of permutations with descent
set defined by the multiindex of the coefficient. A recursion enumerates all numbers
of permutations with given descent sets in the form of a Pascal-type triangle.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
Bernardo Lafuerza-Guillén Donal O’regan Reza Saadati 《Proceedings Mathematical Sciences》2007,117(1):61-70
We introduce the concept of quotient in PN spaces and give some examples. We prove some theorems with regard to the completeness
of a quotient. 相似文献
5.
Valentin Brimkov 《Discrete Applied Mathematics》2007,155(14):1812-1825
We consider the problem of computing the Lovász theta function for circulant graphs Cn,J of degree four with n vertices and chord length J, 2?J?n. We present an algorithm that takes O(J) operations if J is an odd number, and O(n/J) operations if J is even. On the considered class of graphs our algorithm strongly outperforms the known algorithms for theta function computation. We also provide explicit formulas for the important special cases J=2 and J=3. 相似文献
6.
We give a number of characterizations of bodies of constant width in arbitrary dimension. As an application, we describe a way to construct a body of constant width in dimension n, one of its (n – 1)‐dimensional projection being given. We give a number of examples, like a four‐dimensional body of constant width whose 3D‐projection is the classical Meissner's body. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
B—模糊集合代数和广义互信息公式 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于两种概率的区分,推导出了一个广义Shannon熵公式和一个广义互信息公式。后者和模糊性有关,并且柯用于语言和感觉中的信息度量。为了由原子语句为真的条件概率求出合语句为真的条件概率,提出了一个遵循存尔运算的模糊集合代数。所谓的模糊信息被还原为概率信息。新的理论在经典理论-概率论,集合论及Shannon信息论-的基础上容易理解。 相似文献
10.
Maurits de Graaf 《Discrete Mathematics》2004,280(1-3):219-223
We show that each directed graph (with no parallel arcs) on n vertices, each with indegree and outdegree at least n/twhere t=2.888997… contains a directed circuit of length at most 3. 相似文献