Maximum Shannon Entropy, Minimum Fisher Information, and an Elementary Game

We formulate an elementary statistical game which captures the essence of some fundamental quantum experiments such as photon polarization and spin measurement. We explore and compare the significance of the principle of maximum Shannon entropy and the principle of minimum Fisher information in solving such a game. The solution based on the principle of minimum Fisher information coincides with the solution based on an invariance principle, and provides an informational explanation of Malus' law for photon polarization. There is no solution based on the principle of maximum Shannon entropy. The result demonstrates the merits of Fisher information, and the demerits of Shannon entropy, in treating some fundamental quantum problems. It also provides a quantitative example in support of a general philosophy: Nature intends to hide Fisher information, while obeying some simple rules.     

类比方法与光的本性的探索

简要回顾了人类对光的本性的探索历程，介绍了物理学家在研究过程中对类比方法的运用。     

Efficient N- and C-functionalisation of cyclam macrocycles utilising bisaminal methodology

An efficient synthesis of C-functionalised cyclam macrocycles that employs bisaminal intermediates and allows N-substitution to be controlled is reported.     

一维半导体的光学吸收

研究一维半导体在外电磁场中的光吸收、涉及电子带间的直接跃迁与间接跃迁，考虑了电子－空穴相互作用的激子光吸收，导出一维半导体的光吸收系数公式。     

双官能度自由基引发剂应用研究的进展

双官能度引发剂在自由基聚合中的应用不断受到重视，本文介绍了常用的双官能度引发剂，并综述了其在制备嵌段共聚物及引发乙烯类单体（如苯乙烯、氯乙烯、丙烯酰胺等）聚合的研究进展。     

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue on Fe3+-doped TiO2 nanoparticles under visible light irradiation

Fe³⁺-doped TiO₂ composite nanoparticles with different doping amounts were successfully synthesized using sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultravioletvisible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was used as a model reaction to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of Fe³⁺/TiO₂ nanoparticles under visible light irradiation. The influence of doping amount of Fe³⁺ (ω: 0.00%–3.00%) on photocatalytic activities of TiO₂ was investigated. Results show that the size of Fe³⁺/TiO₂ particles decreases with the increase of the amount of Fe³⁺ and their absorption spectra are broaden and absorption intensities are also increased. Doping Fe³⁺ can control the conversion of TiO₂ from anatase to rutile. The doping amount of Fe³⁺ remarkably affects the activity of the catalyst, and the optimum efficiency occurs at about the doping amount of 0.3%. The appropriate doping of Fe³⁺ can markedly increase the catalytic activity of TiO₂ under visible light irradiation. __________ Translated from Journal of Northwest Normal University (Natural Science), 2006, 42(6): 55–56 [译自: 西北师范大学学报(自然科学版)]     

含磺酸,羧酸双功能基树脂对混合氨基酸的分离性能研究

对苯乙烯-丙烯腈-二乙烯基苯(S/AN/DVB)交联共聚机理研究曾发现,丙烯腈作为第三单体,可使DVB竞聚率比在S/DVB共聚体系中降低,相互分离显著,从而有利于合成性能较好的离子交换树脂;本文在此基础上,将S/AN/DVB共聚体中的氰基水解成羧基来合成含磺酸、羧酸双功能基树脂,解决了前人研究中仅有50％的氰基水解成羧基的问题,并首次将这种树脂应用于混合氨基酸的分离。     

Gas chromatographic analysis of bifunctional amines after derivatization with methyldichlorophosphine and sulfur

Summary A derivatization procedure for the gas chromatographic analysis of bifunctional amines likeβ-adrenergic blocking drugs is described. The method consists of a two-step reaction with methyldichlorophosphine and sulfur in presence of triethylamine to form cyclic methylphosphonothioic derivatives. The properties of these compounds are discussed and the application of the method to the quantitation of ephedrine in human body fluids is presented. Presented at the 15th International Symposium on Chromatography, Nürnberg, October 1984     

Mechanism and scope of salen bifunctional catalysts in asymmetric aldehyde and α-ketoester alkylation

Metal complexes of C₂-symmetric Lewis acid/Lewis base salen ligands provide bifunctional activation resulting in rapid rates in the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes (up to 92% ee). Further experiments probed the reactivity of the individual Lewis acid and Lewis base components of the catalyst and established that both moieties are essential for asymmetric catalysis. These catalysts are also effective in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to α-ketoesters. This finding is significant because α-ketoesters alone serve as their own ligands to accelerate racemic 1,2-carbonyl addition of Et₂Zn and racemic carbonyl reduction. The latter proceeds via a metalloene pathway, and often accounts for the predominant product. Singular Lewis acid catalysts do not accelerate enantioselective 1,2-addition over these two competing paths. The bifunctional amino salen catalysts, however, rapidly provide enantioenriched 1,2-addition products in excellent yield, complete chemoselectivity, and good enantioselectivity (up to 88% ee). A library of the bifunctional amino salens was synthesized and evaluated in this reaction. The utility of the α-ketoester method has been demonstrated in the synthesis of an opiate antagonist.     

Bifunctional pyridyl alcohols with the bicyclo[3.3.0]octane scaffold in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes

Some new pyridyl alcohols with the cis-bicyclo[3.3.0]octane scaffold were synthesized and used as chiral ligands for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes. Ligands 4 were found to be far superior to the C₂-symmetric ligands 2 in terms of enantioselectivities. Quantitative yields and enantiomeric excesses of up to 92% were obtained when the ligand 4 was used. The carbonyl function in 4 proved to be beneficial for the high enantioselectivities in the addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes. Conversion of the carbonyl group into oxime or oxime ether group led to a sort of more active ligands, which catalyzed the same reaction with rate acceleration.