Polymer 4D printing: Advanced shape-change and beyond

4D printing is an exciting branch of additive manufacturing. It relies on established 3D printing techniques to fabricate objects in much the same way. However, structures which fall into the 4D printed category have the ability to change with time, hence the “extra dimension.” The common perception of 4D printed objects is that of macroscopic single-material structures limited to point-to-point shape change only, in response to either heat or water. However, in the area of polymer 4D printing, recent advancements challenge this understanding. A host of new polymeric materials have been designed which display a variety of wonderful effects brought about by unconventional stimuli, and advanced additive manufacturing techniques have been developed to accommodate them. As a result, the horizons of polymer 4D printing have been broadened beyond what was initially thought possible. In this review, we showcase the many studies which evolve the very definition of polymer 4D printing, and reveal emerging areas of research integral to its advancement.     

Auto-deposition of 210Bi and 210Po on nickel discs and their application in the analysis of natural waters

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - This study presents a time-efficient method of analysing 210Pb, 210Bi, and 210Po in natural waters. The optimum pH (1.00), temperature...     

基于MOF (Cu)@biochar气凝胶的制备及其在缓释氮肥上的应用

以羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、明胶和MOF(Cu)@biochar为原料,采用简单有效的冷冻干燥方法制备了(CMC/Gelatin/MOF(Cu)@biochar)杂化气凝胶,并用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TG)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术对其进行了表征;研究了MOF(Cu)@biochar含量、pH和不同的盐水溶液对杂化气凝胶溶胀行为的影响;以该气凝胶负载氯化铵,制备了一种新型缓释肥料(SRF),并研究了含2%(wt)SRF的沙性土壤的保水能力;SRF在土壤中第30天的累积释放率为79.4%;肥料在土壤中释放符合非Fickian扩散和阳离子交换的协同作用机理。     

基于不确定控制理论的最优策略研究

本文在不确定理论的框架下,研究一类带背景状态变量的最优控制模型.在乐观值准则下,利用不确定动态规划的方法,证明了不确定最优性原则,得到最优性方程.作为应用,求解一个固定缴费(DC)型养老金的最优投资策略问题,在乐观值准则下,以工资变量为背景状态变量,建立养老金模型.通过求解不确定最优性方程得到最优投资策略和最优支付率.     

基于XPS对硫铁矿去除SeO2-3的机理研究

硒是动植物及人体生长必需的十五种微量元素之一，具有清除体内自由基、抗氧化、增强免疫力等功能，但其安全剂量的范围却很窄。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）对湿法球磨制备的硫铁矿形貌进行了表征。SEM观测发现加乙醇助磨后的硫铁矿为粒径大小较均匀的球形颗粒团聚体，粒径范围在17～200 nm之间，平均粒径138 nm。XRD衍射图谱中的特征峰与FeS₂衍射图谱中各峰位置基本一致，因此判定硫铁矿中主要化学组分为FeS₂，且图谱中基本没有杂峰，表明制备过程中并未混入杂质，样品纯度较高。实验结果表明，该法制备的硫铁矿具有颗粒粒径小、比表面积大、反应活性高等优点。研究中利用X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对硫铁矿去除水体中SeO2-₃的机理进行了研究。研究结果表明, （1）在较为广泛的实验pH范围（pH 2.2～11.5），硫铁矿均能有效去除水体中SeO2-₃，去除效率（除pH值7.8以外）均达到90%以上；（2）硫铁矿与SeO2-₃发生反应后，其主要组成元素的XPS特征峰结合能有所减小，表明硫铁矿表面发生了一定化学变化；（3）酸碱环境下硫铁矿去除SeO2-₃的机理不完全相同，酸性环境下，硫铁矿对SeO2-₃的去除是单纯的氧化还原过程，即硫铁矿中被酸活化的S2-₂将SeO2-₃还原为单质Se(0)，并且酸性越强，SeO2-₃去除效果越好；碱性环境下，SeO2-₃的去除过程中氧化还原与络合反应并存，硫铁矿表面有络合态Fe(OH)SeO₃和单质Se(0)两种存在形态，且碱性越强，络合态Fe(OH)SeO₃含量越高。以上研究结果为硫铁矿去除固定水体和土壤中以SeO2-₃为代表的可变价金属阴离子提供重要理论依据和应用基础。     

Ultrahigh Loading Copper Single Atom Catalyst for Palladium-free Wacker Oxidation

Wacker oxidation is an industry-adopted process to transform olefins into value-added epoxides and carbonyls. However, traditional Wacker oxidation involves the use of homogeneous palladium and copper catalysts for the olefin addition and reductive elimination. Here, we demonstrated an ultrahigh loading Cu single atom catalyst(14% Cu, mass fraction) for the palladium-free Wacker oxidation of 4-vinylanisole into the corresponding ketone with N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride as an additive under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies by ¹⁸O and deuterium isotope labelling revealed a hydrogen shift mechanism in this palladium-free process using N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride as the oxygen source. The reaction scope can be further extended to Kucherov oxidation. Our study paves the way to replace noble metal catalysts in the traditional homogeneous processes with single atom catalysts.     

Comparison of different methodologies for the computation of damped nonlinear normal modes and resonance prediction of systems with non-conservative nonlinearities

Nonlinear Dynamics - The nonlinear modes of a non-conservative nonlinear system are sometimes referred to as damped nonlinear normal modes (dNNMs). Because of the non-conservative...