全文获取类型
收费全文 | 34308篇 |
免费 | 5688篇 |
国内免费 | 4129篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 24306篇 |
晶体学 | 395篇 |
力学 | 1963篇 |
综合类 | 246篇 |
数学 | 4292篇 |
物理学 | 12923篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 145篇 |
2023年 | 723篇 |
2022年 | 1162篇 |
2021年 | 1233篇 |
2020年 | 1390篇 |
2019年 | 1367篇 |
2018年 | 1195篇 |
2017年 | 1148篇 |
2016年 | 1658篇 |
2015年 | 1652篇 |
2014年 | 1968篇 |
2013年 | 2619篇 |
2012年 | 3042篇 |
2011年 | 3217篇 |
2010年 | 2221篇 |
2009年 | 2066篇 |
2008年 | 2221篇 |
2007年 | 2030篇 |
2006年 | 1736篇 |
2005年 | 1522篇 |
2004年 | 1251篇 |
2003年 | 1034篇 |
2002年 | 1071篇 |
2001年 | 880篇 |
2000年 | 755篇 |
1999年 | 675篇 |
1998年 | 551篇 |
1997年 | 473篇 |
1996年 | 513篇 |
1995年 | 436篇 |
1994年 | 383篇 |
1993年 | 279篇 |
1992年 | 276篇 |
1991年 | 245篇 |
1990年 | 206篇 |
1989年 | 169篇 |
1988年 | 94篇 |
1987年 | 97篇 |
1986年 | 113篇 |
1985年 | 86篇 |
1984年 | 61篇 |
1983年 | 42篇 |
1982年 | 21篇 |
1981年 | 20篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1975年 | 8篇 |
1957年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
We study the full counting statistics of transport electrons through a semiconductor two-level quantum dot with Rashba spin–orbit (SO) coupling, which acts as a nonabelian gauge field and thus induces the electron transition between two levels along with the spin flip. By means of the quantum master equation approach, shot noise and skewness are obtained at finite temperature with two-body Coulomb interaction. We particularly demonstrate the crucial effect of SO coupling on the super-Poissonian fluctuation of transport electrons, in terms of which the SO coupling can be probed by the zero-frequency cumulants. While the charge currents are not sensitive to the SO coupling. 相似文献
3.
Qin Yin Shou-Guo Wang Xiao-Wei Liang De-Wei Gao Jun Zheng Shu-Li You 《Chemical science》2015,6(7):4179-4183
An organocatalytic asymmetric chlorinative dearomatization of naphthols was realized for the first time, providing chiral naphthalenones with a Cl-containing all-substituted stereocenter in excellent yields and enantioselectivity (up to 97% yield and 96% ee). The reaction features mild reaction conditions, good tolerance of diverse functional groups and simple reaction operation. 相似文献
4.
Synthesis of Small‐Sized,Porous, and Low‐Toxic Magnetite Nanoparticles by Thin POSS Silica Coating 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Swee Kuan Yen D. Prathyusha Varma Wei Mei Guo Dr. Vincent H. B. Ho Dr. Vimalan Vijayaragavan Dr. Parasuraman Padmanabhan Prof. Kishore Bhakoo Prof. Subramanian Tamil Selvan 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(10):3914-3918
In this communication, we report the synthesis of small‐sized (<10 nm), water‐soluble, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS), which contain either polyethylene glycol (PEG) or octa(tetramethylammonium) (OctaTMA) as functional groups. The POSS‐coated MNPs exhibit superparamagnetic behavior with saturation magnetic moments (51–53 emu g?1) comparable to silica‐coated MNPs. They also provide good colloidal stability at different pH and salt concentrations, and low cytotoxicity to MCF‐7 human breast epithelial cells. The relaxivity data and magnetic resonance (MR) phantom images demonstrate the potential application of these MNPs in bioimaging. 相似文献
5.
The Effect of the Spacer of Bis(biurea) Ligands on the Structure of A2L3‐type (A=anion) Phosphate Complexes 下载免费PDF全文
Prof. Biao Wu Dr. Shaoguang Li Prof. Yibo Lei Prof. Huaiming Hu Dr. Nader de Sousa Amadeu Prof. Dr. Christoph Janiak Dr. Jennifer S. Mathieson Dr. De‐Liang Long Prof. Leroy Cronin Prof. Xiao‐Juan Yang 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(6):2588-2593
By tuning the length and rigidity of the spacer of bis(biurea) ligands L, three structural motifs of the A2L3 complexes (A represents anion, here orthophosphate PO43?), namely helicate, mesocate, and mono‐bridged motif, have been assembled by coordination of the ligand to phosphate anion. Crystal structure analysis indicated that in the three complexes, each of the phosphate ions is coordinated by twelve hydrogen bonds from six surrounding urea groups. The anion coordination properties in solution have also been studied. The results further demonstrate the coordination behavior of phosphate ion, which shows strong tendency for coordination saturation and geometrical preference, thus allowing for the assembly of novel anion coordination‐based structures as in transition‐metal complexes. 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
Jigneshkumar P. Patel Zou Guo Xiang Shaw Ling Hsu Andrew B. Schoch Sena Ada Carleen Dean Matsumoto 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2015,53(21):1519-1526
A uniform dispersion of reactants is necessary to achieve a complete reaction involving multicomponents. In this study, we have examined the role of plasticizer in the reaction of two seemingly unlikely reactants: a highly crystalline hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and a strongly hydrogen bonded phenol formaldehyde resin. By combining information from NMR, infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, we were able to determine the role of specific intermolecular interactions necessary for the plasticizer to dissolve the highly crystalline HMTA and to plasticize the phenol formaldehyde resin in this crosslinking reaction. The presence of the plasticizer increased the segmental mobility, disrupted the hydrogen bonded matrix, and freed the hydroxyl units, which further increased the solubility of the HMTA. Both the endothermic and exothermic transitions are accounted for in the calorimetric data obtained. For the first time, it is possible to obtain the effective molar ratio of each component needed to complete the crosslinking reaction efficiently. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53, 1519–1526 相似文献
9.
10.
Understanding and control of the surface properties such as molecular orientations are of great importance in numerous applications of ionic liquids. However, there remain discrepancies among the previous experimental and theoretical studies on the surface orientation and structures of room temperature ionic liquids(RTIL) systems. In this article, the orientation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium([bmin]) cation at the air/liquid interface of a characteristic RTIL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([bmim][PF6]), was investigated by the sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy(SFG-VS). Detailed polarization and experimental configuration analyses of the SFG-VS spectra showed the possibility of a small spectral splitting in the CH3 symmetric stretching region, which can be further attributed to the probable existence of multiple orientations for the interfacial [bmim] cations. In addition, the(N)–CH3 vibrations were absent, ruling out the prediction by several recent molecular dynamics simulations which state that portions of the [bmim] cations orient with a standing-up(N)–CH3 group at the ionic liquid surface. Hence, new realistic theoretical models have to be developed to reflect the complex nature of the ionic liquid surface. 相似文献