加速普通高校科研发展的理论思考

结合近年来普通高校科研工作的实际，运用邓小平的科技理论、高校管理思想等探讨加速普通高校科研发展的思路。     

Theory of interfacial phase transitions in surfactant systems

The spin-1 Ising model, which is equivalent to the three-component lattice gas model, is used to study wetting transitions in three-component surfactant systems consisting of an oil, water, and a nonionic surfactant. Phase equilibria, interfacial profiles, and interfacial tensions for three-phase equilibrium are determined in mean field approximation, for a wide range of temperature and interaction parameters. Surfactant interaction parameters are found to strongly influence interfacial tensions, reducing them in some cases to ultralow values. Interfacial tensions are used to determine whether the middle phase, rich in surfactant, wets or does not wet the interface between the oil-rich and water-rich phases. By varying temperature and interaction parameters, a wetting transition is located and found to be of the first order. Comparison is made with recent experimental results on wetting transitions in ternary surfactant systems.This paper is dedicated to J. K. Percus in honor of his 65th birthday.     

Three New Polyoxygenated Steroids from Two Species of the South China Sea Gorgonian Muricella flexuosa and Menella verrucosa Brundin

Three new polyoxygenated steroids, muricesteroid ( 1 ), and menellsteroids A ( 2 ) and B ( 3 ), were isolated from two species of the South China Sea gorgonian Muricella flexuosa and Menella verrucosa Brundin , respectively. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, chemical methods and comparison with known related compounds.     

空气/水界面水分子的取向和运动

对四种不同的实验构型下空气／水界面自由O-H键在3700cm~(-1)的和频振动光谱的分析表明,水分子在空气／水界面的取向运动只可能是在平衡位置附近有限角度之内的受限转动。界面水分子的自由O-H键取向距界面法线约33°,而取向分布或运动的宽度不超过15°。这一图像显著地不同于Wei等人(Phys. Rev. Lett.86,4799(2001))只通过单一的SFG实验构型所得出结论,即：空气／水界面的水分子在超快的振动弛豫时间内在很大的角度范围内运动。     

Differential Entropy and Dynamics of Uncertainty

We analyze the functioning of Gibbs-type entropy functionals in the time domain, with emphasis on Shannon and Kullback-Leibler entropies of time-dependent continuous probability distributions. The Shannon entropy validity is extended to probability distributions inferred from L ²(R ⁿ ) quantum wave packets. In contrast to the von Neumann entropy which simply vanishes on pure states, the differential entropy quantifies the degree of probability (de)localization and its time development. The associated dynamics of the Fisher information functional quantifies nontrivial power transfer processes in the mean, both in dissipative and quantum mechanical cases. PACS NUMBERS: 05.45.+b, 02.50.-r, 03.65.Ta, 03.67.-a     

A method for calculating invariant subspaces of symmetric hyperbolic equations

An algorithm is constructed for calculating invariant subspaces of symmetric hyperbolic systems arising in electromagnetic, acoustic, and elasticity problems. Discrete approximations are calculated for subspaces that correspond to minimal eigenvalues and smooth eigenfunctions. Difficulties related to the presence of an infinite-dimensional kernel in the differential operator are successfully handled. The efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated using acoustics equations.     

Commuting and stable feedback design for switched linear systems

In the paper, commuting and stable feedback design for switched linear systems is investigated. This problem is formulated as to build up suitable state feedback controller for each subsystem such that the closed-loop systems are not only asymptotically stable but also commuting each other. A new concept, common admissible eigenvector set (CAES), is introduced to establish necessary/sufficient conditions for commuting and stable feedback controllers. For second-order systems, a necessary and sufficient condition is established. Moreover, a parametrization of the CAES is also obtained. The motivation comes from stabilization of switched linear systems which consist of a family of LTI systems and a switching law specifying the switching between them, where if all the subsystems are stable and commuting each other, then the total system is stable under arbitrary switching.     

PLC在双动压力机控制系统中的应用

PLC应用:ROL(027)循环左移指令、ROR(028)循环右移指令完成自动与手动控制,INC(038)BCD码加1指令完成单次控制,@ROR(028)微分循环右移指令完成循环控制,DIV(033)BCD码除法指令完成安全工作报警控制.     

Scale Invariance Properties in the Simulated Annealing Algorithm

The Boltzmann distribution used in the steady-state analysis of the simulated annealing algorithm gives rise to several scale invariant properties. Scale invariance is first presented in the context of parallel independent processors and then extended to an abstract form based on lumping states together to form new aggregate states. These lumped or aggregate states possess all of the mathematical characteristics, forms and relationships of states (solutions) in the original problem in both first and second moments. These scale invariance properties therefore permit new ways of relating objective function values, conditional expectation values, stationary probabilities, rates of change of stationary probabilities and conditional variances. Such properties therefore provide potential applications in analysis, statistical inference and optimization. Directions for future research that take advantage of scale invariance are also discussed.     

Cosmic dust and our origins

The small solid particles in the space between the stars provide the surfaces for the production of many simple and complex molecules. Processes involving the effects of ultraviolet irradiation of the thin (hundredth micron) mantles are shown to produce a wide range of molecules and ions also seen in comets. Some of the more complex ones inferred from laboratory experiments are expected to play an important role in the origin of life. An outline of the chemical evolution of interstellar dust as observed and as studied in the laboratory is presented. Observations of comets are shown to provide substantial evidence for their being fluffy aggregates of interstellar dust as it was in the protosolar nebula, i.e. the interstellar cloud which collapsed to form the solar system. The theory that comets may have brought the progenitors of life to the earth is summarized.