Astragalus membranaceus ultrafine powder alleviates hyperuricemia by regulating the gut microbiome and reversing bile acid and adrenal hormone biosynthesis dysregulation

Ethnopharmacological relevanceMetabolic syndrome is closely related to the intestinal microbiota and disturbances in the host metabolome. Hyperuricemia (HUA), a manifestation of metabolic syndrome, can induce various cardiovascular diseases and gout, seriously affecting a patient’s quality of life. Astragalus membranaceus has a long history as a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine to treat kidney disease in China and East Asia.Materials and methodsWe compared the therapeutic effect of benzbromarone and two different doses Astragalus membranaceus ultrafine powder (AMUP) in rats with HUA. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer was used to analyze the AMUP metabolism in the plasma, urine, and feces. Further, 16S ribosome RNA sequencing and feces metabolomic were performed to capture the variation of the gut microbiota and metabolites changes before and after drug administration.ResultsAMUP had a notable impact on reducing blood uric acid levels while protecting the liver and kidney. Drug metabolism analysis demonstrated that effective constituent flavonoids are distributed in the blood, whereas saponins remain in the intestine. Gut microbiota analysis showed that low-dose AMUP ameliorated HUA-induced gut dysbiosis by reducing the abundance of harmful bacteria and increasing that of some beneficial bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties, such as Clostridia, Lachnospiraceae, and Muribaculaceae. In addition, HUA-induced changes in metabolite contents in bile acid and adrenal hormone biosynthesis pathways were restored after treatment with AMUP.ConclusionLow-dose AMUP exerts remarkable therapeutic effects on HUA by regulating the gut microbiome and mediating gut metabolism pathways associated with uric acid excretion.     

增益增强型CMOS运算放大器的自动优化算法

在增益增强型运算放大器优化中采用了自动设计方法,此方法在电路性能方程式和自适应遗传优化算法基础上对电路性能指标进行优化。该放大器在0.18μm CM O S工艺条件下中开环增益为92.1 dB,单位增益带宽积为1.78 GH z,相位裕度为55.1°和0.2%建立时间为1.27 ns,同时说明此优化设计方法的有效性。     

基于JC-5600ATE的单/双电源运算放大器测试方法

集成运算放大器具有成本低、功能多等优点,可广泛用于自动控制系统、测量仪表等其他电子设备中。近年来集成运放的指标在不断提高,性能也在不断提升,伴随着运算放大器的发展,对用来考核运算放大器指标的测试技术也提出了相应的要求,对测试系统(Automatic Testing Equipment,以下简称ATE)的性能要求也相应变高。阐述了单、双电源集成运算放大器在JC-5600ATE上的测试方法,并分析了两者的测试差异。     

Versatile wideband balanced detector for quantum optical homodyne tomography

We present a comprehensive theory and an easy to follow method for the design and construction of a wideband homodyne detector for time-domain quantum measurements. We show how one can evaluate the performance of a detector in a specific time-domain experiment based on the electronic spectral characteristic of that detector. We then present and characterize a high-performance detector constructed using inexpensive, commercially available components such as low-noise high-speed operational amplifiers and high-bandwidth photodiodes. Our detector shows linear behavior up to a level of over 13 dB clearance between shot noise and electronic noise, in the range from DC to 100 MHz. The detector can be used for measuring quantum optical field quadratures both in the continuous-wave and pulsed regimes with standard commercial mode-locked lasers.     

一种输入输出轨到轨CMOS运算放大器的设计

随着电源电压的日益降低,信号幅度不断减小,在噪声保持不变的情况下,信噪比也会相应地减小。为了在低电源电压下获得高的信噪比,需提高信号幅度,而输入输出轨到轨运算放大器可获得与电源电压轨相当的信号幅度。中文在理论分析了输入输出轨到轨CMOS运算放大器主要架构优缺点后,给出了一种新的输入输出轨到轨CMOS运算放大器的设计,该电路在华润上华0.18 μm工艺平台上流片验证。测试结果表明,输入范围从0到电源电压,输出范围从50 mV到电源电压减去50 mV,实现了输入输出轨到轨的目标。     

便携式地空导弹武器系统作战效能的模糊综合评价

为科学评估便携式地空导弹的作战效能,本文对便携式地空导弹武器系统进行了全面分析,建立了便携式地空导弹武器系统作战效能综合评价的指标体系。并利用模糊数学方法,确立了该系统的综合评价模型,从而为便携式地空导弹武器系统作战效能的综合评价提供了一种方法。     

美军作战实验室发展现状及其启示

对美军联合作战实验室,及其下辖的陆军作战实验室、海军战斗中心、空军作战实验室、海军陆战队战斗实验室、空间作战实验室等的体系结构、发展现状及其近期进行的作战实验情况进行了概述,对作战实验所采用的主要技术手段,特别是ACTD进行了深入分析.通过借鉴美军作战实验室在武器装备发展和战斗力提高的巨大作用和影响,提出了构建完善的作战实验室体系,创新发展武器装备手段;重视仿真模拟手段,提高部队技术、战术水平的观点,立足防空作战实验室的自身定位,提出了创新联合防空新战法的目标.     

需求随价格变化的具有折扣的易变质物品的库存模型

本文研究了在需求随价格变化及物品易变质的条件下，当供应商给予数量折扣时的库存问题。证明了当供应商给予数量折扣时，零售商的需求量是增大的，并给出了供应商给予数量折扣时零售商的订货量和订货周期的计算方法。对物品变质率和需求价格敏感系数对零售商的订货量、订货周期、出售价格和单位时间利润的影响进行了数值分析，并给出了数值算例。     

一种齐纳二极管控制式轨对轨CMOS运算放大器

采用0.6μm CMOS工艺,设计了一种齐纳二极管控制式轨对轨运算放大器.该运放采用了3.3V单电源供电,其输入共模范围和输出信号摆幅接近于地和电源电压,即所谓输入和输出电压范围轨对轨.该运放的小信号增益为82dB,单位增益带宽为12.34MHz,相位裕度为68°.由于电路简单,工作稳定,输入输出线性动态范围宽,非常适合于SOC芯片内集成.文中主要讨论该轨对轨运算放大器的原理,性能及设计方法,并进行了模拟仿真.     

一种低压、恒增益Rail-to-rail运算放大器的设计

文章设计了一种低压、恒定增益、Rail-to-rail的CMOS运算放大器。该放大器采用直接交迭工作区的互补并联输入对作为输入级,在2V单电源下,负载电容为25pF时,静态功耗为0.9mW,直流开环增益、单位增益带宽、相位裕度分别为74dB、2.7MHz、60°。