An Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of Nitriles from Carboxylic Acids Without Solvent Under Microwave Irradiation

Nitriles were prepared from alkyl and aryl carboxylic acids in dry media conditions, under microwave irradiation. Heating of the carboxylic acid, urea and amidosulfonic acid adsorbed on alumina support in a microwave oven affords nitriles in 20–93% yields.     

On the reactivity of naphthalene and biphenyl dianions: tying up loose ends concerning an SN2‐ET dichotomy in alkylation reactions

Naphthalene and biphenyl dianions are interesting compounds that can be obtained by double reduction of the corresponding arenes in solution with certain alkali metals. These dianions are highly reactive and rather elusive species with very high laying and highly delocalized electrons. They share many aspects of the reactivity of the alkali metal they originated from and consequently behave primarily as strong electron transfer (ET) reagents. We report here kinetic evidence for a different type of reactivity in their alkylation reactions with alkyl fluorides. By using cyclopropylmethyl fluoride (c‐C₃H₅CH₂F) as a very fast radical probe, we were able to settle that this alkylation does not involve the classical electron transfer reaction followed by radical coupling between diffusing radicals, but supports the alternative S_N2 concerted mechanism, discerning thus this mechanistic S_N2‐ET dichotomy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Reception pattern influence on magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction

Based on the acoustic radiation theory of a dipole source,the influence of the transducer reception pattern is studied for magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction(MAT-MI).Numerical studies are conducted to simulate acoustic pressures,waveforms,and reconstructed images with unidirectional,omnidirectional,and strong directional transducers.With the analyses of equivalent and projection sources,the influences of the model dimension and the layer effect are qualitatively analyzed to evaluate the performance of MAT-MI.Three-dimensional simulation studies show that the strong directional transducer with a large radius can reduce the influences of equivalent sources,projection sources,and the layer effect effectively,resulting in enhanced pressure and improved image contrast,which is beneficial for boundary pressure extraction in conductivity reconstruction.The reconstructed conductivity contrast images present the conductivity boundaries as stripes with different contrasts and polarities,representing the values and directions of the conductivity changes of the scanned layer.The favorable results provide solid evidence for transducer selection and suggest potential practical applications of MAT-MI in biomedical imaging.     

改进的Kriging技术实时重构区域电离层foF2的分布

改进了kriging技术重构电离层F2层临界频率foF2的方法,利用国际参考电离层IRI-2001模型作为背景场,通过拟合国际参考电离层模型得到“等效太阳黑子数”,并利用kriging技术来完成区域电离层的重构,是区域电离层重构的一种方法,它适合重构区域内电离层探测站较少的情况。与直接利用实测临界频率进行kriging重构相比,改进的kriging技术提高了重构的精度和稳健性。也表明了背景电离层模型在电离层重构中的重要作用。     

光助Fenton试剂氧化降解染料直接耐晒黑G的研究

文章研究了影响Fenton试剂氧化降解持久性有机污染物直接耐晒黑G的因素,如光源的选择、初始pH值、H₂O₂的用量、Fe2+的用量、阳离子交换树脂载体的引入等,通过研究确定了各因素的优化条件。研究结果表明：太阳光照能有效的促进直接耐晒黑G染料的降解脱色,大大缩短反应时间;引入阳离子交换树脂后,可增强Fenton氧化反应的活性,降解效果更好。     

一种确定波片快慢轴方位的新方法

提出了一种新的波片快慢轴的确定方法,此方法是将待测波片置于起偏器和检偏器之 间,通过旋转待测波片,对出射光的光强进行两组数据测量,就可以确定待测波片的某一光学主轴,再通过判断出射光的偏振态来确定该光学主轴是快轴还是慢轴。本方法对测量用的光源波长、光电探测器的线性、暗流及各向同性性均没有要求,可以确定出任何相延角波片的快慢轴,定轴精度可达±0. 1°。     

S2激光器泵浦源的设计

S2激光器产生的蓝—绿激光波长范围为430—520nm,根据理论计算,采用放电泵浦S2双原子分子的泵浦电流脉宽应小于30ns．以Blumlein电路作为泵浦源,设计合理的电路结构,传输线采用宽带引线,减小回路的寄生电感,实现了稳定的快脉冲放电,满足了对放电电流的要求,为放电激励是激光器产生激光提共了条件。     

光纤中基于双布里渊增益线的受激布里渊散射快光

为了解决受激布里渊散射快光在高吸收区产生损耗的问题,通过分析普通单模光纤中双线泵浦产生的双布里渊增益线特性及在增益峰间实现脉冲的超光速传输理论,利用有限元法数值模拟了双布里渊增益线处受激布里渊散射引起的快光特性。结果表明,当频率分离因子大于0.596时,可以观察到双增益峰;当频率分离因子在1~5.25范围内时,两个泵浦波产生的双增益峰之间可以明显地产生快光;当频率分离因子为1.75时,在双布里渊增益线之间的最大时间提前可达25 ps。当频率分离因子为2.42时,三阶色散所对应的归一化色散长度为无穷大,三阶色散可以得到完全补偿;当频率分离因子大于2.464时,脉冲展宽因子趋近于1,可以实现无畸变传输,但时间提前量小于13.52 ps。本文的研究结论对于在布里渊增益区实现快光具有一定的理论意义,并对设计基于受激布里渊散射快光器件具有理论指导作用。     

Design of a tuned vibration absorber for a slender hollow cylindrical structure

Abstract

In this paper, details of the design work for a tuned vibration absorber to be used on a hollow cylindrical structure is presented. The vibration problem is of resonant type and the tuned vibration absorber is designed to suppress the displacement vibration response of the free end of the slender hollow structure dominated by the contribution of its lowest transverse vibration modes. The structure is modeled using a commercial finite element software. Finite element model of the structure is verified using experimentally obtained frequency response functions and modal parameters. Effective parameters of the tuned vibration absorber design are then determined based on finite element analysis simulations of the vibration suppression performance of the tuned vibration absorber as it is used on the structure. Details of the tuned vibration absorber design are determined and a prototype is fabricated. Prototype tuned vibration absorber is then characterized experimentally both as a standalone system and also as it is used on the main structure. Vibration reduction performance of the physical prototype of the tuned vibration absorber is also compared with its vibration reduction performance estimated from finite element analysis simulations so that the analysis based design process can be validated.

Communicated by Dumitru Caruntu.