Electro-disclinic effect in tilted smectic phases of banana-shaped liquid crystal materials

We give the first evidence that the director tilt angle can be reduced by electric fields in the tilted smectic phase of banana-shaped molecules. In these phases the value of polarization is determined by the molecular packing and no electro-clinic effect is expected. Our studies show that high electric fields eventually induce a meta-stable phase with zero director tilt. The tilted phase slowly recovers at low fields. We propose that the field-induced quenching of the layer fluctuations is responsible for the observed effects.     

Monolithically integrated 64‐channel silicon hybrid demultiplexer enabling simultaneous wavelength‐ and mode‐division‐multiplexing

A compact 64‐channel hybrid demultiplexer based on silicon‐on‐insulator nanowires is proposed and demonstrated experimentally to enable wavelength‐division‐multiplexing and mode‐division‐multiplexing simultaneously in order to realize an ultra‐large capacity on‐chip optical‐interconnect link. The present hybrid demultiplexer consists of a 4‐channel mode multiplexer constructed with cascaded asymmetrical directional‐couplers and two bi‐directional 17 × 17 arrayed‐waveguide gratings (AWGs) with 16 channels. Here each bi‐directional AWG is equivalent as two identical 1 × 16 AWGs. The measured excess loss and the crosstalk for the monolithically integrated 64‐channel hybrid demultiplexer are about ‐5 dB and ‐14 dB, respectively. Better performance can be achieved by minimizing the imperfections (particularly in AWGs) during the fabrication processes.

     

Theoretical study of surface plasmons coupling in transition metallic alloy 2D binary grating

The excitation of a surface plasmon polariton (SPP) wave on a metal–air interface by a 2D diffraction grating is numerically investigated. The grating consists of homogeneous alloys of two metals of a formula A_xB_1−x, or three metals of a formula A_xB_yC_z, where A, B and C could be silver (Ag), copper (Cu), gold (Au) or aluminum (Al).It is observed that all the alloys of two metals present a very small change of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) irrespective of composition x. Moreover, the addition of 25% of Al to two metals alloy is insufficient to change the SPR curves. The influence of the different grating parameters is discussed in details using rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) method. Furthermore, the SPR is highly dependent on grating periods (d_x and d_y) and the height of the grating h. The results reveal that d_x= d_y= 700 nm, h=40 nm and duty cycle w=0.5 are the optimal parameters for exciting SPP.     

光栅投影相位法系统模型及标定方法

本文针对传统投影光栅相位法的光学三角法模型进行了改进,采用直入射光路并配合使用一种简便易行的标定方法,只需使用相移公式求取相位差,而不会引入与系统几何位置关系有关的量,简化了求取高度矩阵的要求。实验结果表明,新系统模型精度良好,测量误差为0.107 mm。采用该模型和标定方法可以克服传统方法系统模型的局限性,最大限度减少误差源并提高抗干扰性。     

一种新型温度自补偿高灵敏度折射率计

基于高频CO2激光脉冲写入的新型超长周期光纤光栅(ULPFG),提出了一种可实现温度自补偿的新型高灵敏度折射率计。理论与实验表明,新型超长周期光纤光栅不同闪耀阶次谐振峰对外界折射率与温度变化的灵敏度各自不同,特别的是,该光栅存在对外界折变不敏感的谐振峰,测量中除了可以利用该峰实现温度同时测量外,还可以补偿另一个测量折变的谐振峰因温度变化带来的测量误差。该折射率计具有制作简单、成本低、强度好,灵敏度高等优点,当外界折射率在1.43~1.45范围内变化时,其折射率测量灵敏度可达每单位折射率240 nm,在实际工业应用中具有较大的潜在实用价值。     

脉冲压缩光栅光路调节新方法研究

介绍了一种简单而实用的大口径脉冲压缩光栅光路调节方法,有效解决了普通光路调节方法中轴向调节精度不高的问题。首先由全息透镜(光栅)成像公式出发,推导出了该光路调节的基本原理。并从光栅记录系统与光栅衍射波像差的关系,结合初级像差理论推导得出叠栅条纹像差为0.4786λ,大约是光栅衍射波像差(0.25λ)的两倍,利用此关系也可对光栅衍射波像差进行实时监测。从数值模拟结果可知,利用叠栅条纹法调节光路可将光栅波像差减至0.06λ,相应的轴向误差量为0.007 mm,可有效提高了轴向调节精度。     

对正负一级能量之比测量光栅参量方法的改进

提出利用同一波长的入射光在双面入射时两个能量之比的比值对光栅的参量进行测量,进一步提高准确度。首先从理论上比较正弦面形光栅在单一面入射及双面入射时各种衍射效率对光栅表面粗糙度的敏感程度;然后模拟测量出该正弦面型光栅在双面入射情况下的光栅参量;最后成功反演出体积相位全息光栅的三个参量,其测量结果为0.080μm,1.452μm,20.5μm准确度比单一入射面情况(0.080μm,1.451μm,20.1μm)时要高。同时该法继承了原来方法的无损伤、操作简便、可重复、易推广、成本低等优点。     

一种新型双参量光纤布喇格光栅传感器的研制

介绍了一种新型的具有双参量测量功能的光纤布喇格光栅传感器.该传感器采用了特殊的结构,安装了两个不同中心波长的光纤布喇格光栅,可以实现两曲面之间狭小间隙的微小位移和温度的同时测量.实验表明,该传感器结构紧凑、体积小,具有良好的重复性和稳定性,位移测量误差不超过±10 μm,温度测量误差不超过±2℃.     

Ionic Liquids for and by Analytical Spectroscopy

Abstract

In this mini‐review we highlight two aspects of ionic liquids that to date have either no or limited studies. They are (1) exploitation of unique features of ionic liquids to develop novel spectroscopic methods and (2) development of novel spectroscopic methods, for the sensitive and accurate determination of thermal physical properties of ionic liquids. In the first category, we will describe several novel methods which were developed utilizing unique properties of ionic liquids for measurements which are not possible otherwise. They include the sensitive and accurate method to determine enantiomeric compositions of a variety of pharmaceutical products with different size, shape, and functional groups. This method is based on the use of a chiral IL which serves both as a solvent and also as a chiral selector. Ionic liquids have also been successfully used to substantially enhance the sensitivity of thermal lens measurements. In the second category, we will describe recent development in which transient grating technique and thermal lens technique have been successfully used for the sensitive, accurate, nondestructive determination of thermal physical properties of ILs.