一种新的偏振光谱二向反射测量方法

针对分光辐射度计和CCD相机各自在偏振BRDF实验测量中的不足,提出了一种新的实验方案.分别利用分光辐射度计和带液晶可调滤光片的CCD相机测量偏振光谱BRDF数据,然后利用分光辐射度计的数据来反演图像数据.实验结果表明,反演后的偏振光谱BRDF数据不但准确地描述其波谱特征和材料的均匀性,而且能反映材料的颜色、粗糙度、导电性、纹理和边缘等特征.     

具有不同涂层的样品表面双向反射分布函数的三维测量

利用半球空间双向反射分布函数测量装置,采用样本比值法,实验测量了不同材质及涂层表面对激光束在整个半球空间内的双向反射分布函数.分析了漫反射板与无涂层铝板（裸板）表面,以及不同涂层和不同入射角下同一涂层对入射光的反射光强的空间分布,得出了所测几种样品在特定波长激光照射下的表面反射与散射特性.     

基于粗糙样片光谱BRDF的空间目标可见光散射研究

实验测量了某种卫星包覆材料和太阳能电池板样片在可见光波段(400~780 nm)的光谱双向反射分布函数.将样片的光谱双向反射分布函数对可见光波段内的太阳谱辐射照度加权平均,获得了可见光入射时目标样片表面的平均双向反射分布函数,并利用遗传算法建立了其参量化统计模型.应用此模型,结合目标的几何建模、消隐,计算了可见光入射时某卫星散射光强度的空间分布,并分析了其与卫星的几何形状、表面材料等的关系.     

转动圆柱和圆锥的激光距离多普勒像分析模型

提出了一个新的转动圆柱和圆锥的激光距离多普勒像分析模型.该模型能分析圆柱和圆锥的几何参量、表面材料、姿态和脉冲宽度对这两种目标的距离多普勒像的影响,并能退化到平面波下的圆柱和圆锥的多普勒谱分析模型.数值分析了几何参量、表面材料、姿态和脉冲宽度对距离多普勒像的影响.理论和测量相结合,这个分析模型能用来进行圆柱和圆锥参量的识别.这个分析模型的解析表达式对于多普勒速度计和激光雷达应用有着重要的意义. 关键词： 光散射 双向反射分布函数 距离多普勒 目标识别     

透明基底表面双向反射分布函数及粗糙度特性研究

采用双向反射分布函数定量分析透明基底表面粗糙度,考虑到透明基底第二个界面的影响,从不透明基底双向反射分布函数入手,推导了实际测量的透明基底表面双向反射分布函数的表达式.依据此理论提出了通过分别测量两个表面的散射强度来联立求解透明基底实际表面反射分布函数和表面粗糙度谱的新方法.并将此结果与用原子力显微镜测量所获得的结果进行了比较,两者吻合较好.     

Shape parameters measurement of ultralight mirrors

Two measuring techniques are presented in this paper. These techniques are able to measure and process the shape of the reflecting surfaces. In the first part of the paper the theory and modifications of the optical, mechanical and software design for the Hartmann wavefront analyzer are described. This new method is applied to the non-contact measurement of concave-mirrors shape and objectively defines the shape and specifies the difference of the segment shape from an ideal surface with micrometer accuracy. This difference determines essentially the mirrors image quality. In the second part of the paper attention is concentrated on the other main factor that affects image quality— surface roughness. Thereinafter, physical background and usage of the measuring system and results are presented.     

Modeling of radiation transport in coupled atmosphere-snow-ice-ocean systems

A radiative transfer model for coupled atmosphere-snow-ice-ocean systems (CASIO-DISORT) is used to develop accurate and efficient tools for computing the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of sea ice for a wide range of situations occurring in nature. These tools include a method to generate sea ice inherent optical properties (IOPs: single-scattering albedo, extinction optical depth, and scattering asymmetry parameter) for any wavelength between 300 and 4000 nm as a function of sea ice physical parameters including real and imaginary parts of the sea ice refractive index, brine pocket concentration and effective brine pocket size, air bubble concentration and effective air bubble size, volume fraction of ice impurities and impurity absorption coefficient, and sea ice thickness. The CASIO-DISORT code was used to compute look-up tables (LUTs) of the Fourier expansion coefficients of the BRDF as a function of angles of illumination and observation, sea ice IOPs, and ocean albedo. By interpolation in the LUTs one efficiently obtains accurate BRDF values. To include snow on the ice we modified DISORT2 to accept Fourier expansion coefficients for the BDRF as input instead of the BRDF itself, thereby reducing the computation time by a factor of about 60. The BRDF computed by CASIO-DISORT or retrieved from the LUTs applies to diffuse light only. To remedy this shortcoming we added a specular Gaussian beam component to the new BRDF tool and verified that it works well for BRDFs for bare and snow-covered sea ice.     

空间目标可见光散射特性建模方法研究

针对空间目标的可见光散射特性提出一种建模方法.在分析空间目标所处的背景辐射环境基础上建立了空间目标背景辐射物理模型.对目标表面进行面元划分后,基于辐射理论引入双向反射分布函数模型来描述目标表面面元的光散射特性,将目标各个表面所有面元散射分量叠加建立了目标可见光散射特性的数学模型.建立目标本体坐标系,通过坐标变换确定目标、背景辐射源与探测器的相对位置关系,利用矢量坐标法确定目标对观测系统的“可视表面”.根据给定的目标几何结构尺寸和物性参量仿真获得了目标在轨光学特性.计算结果验证了建模的有效性.     

超低空状态下海面激光后向散射测量与仿真

海面的激光散射特性是制约激光雷达对低空飞行器进行探测与识别的关键因素之一.模拟超低空状态,通过人工造渡池模拟不同海情的海面,采用激光散射测量装置在典型海情下近距离海面获取了激光后向散射数据;采用网格化分割海面,根据Pierson-Moscowitz谱构建了三维时变海面几何模型,利用Torrance-Sparrow模型模拟分析海面的近距离激光后向散射特性.测量和仿真数据表明:实测与仿真结果一致,海面的激光散射受海面几何波形调制;其强度随擦地角增大而增大;由于海面的随机起伏,海面散射极大值存在较大范围波动,并且波动随擦地角减小而增大.     

Prediction of optical properties of paints

The field of predictive rendering concerns itself with those methods of image synthesis which yield results that do not only look real, but are also radiometrically correct renditions of nature, i.e., which are accurate predictions of what a real scene would look like under given lighting conditions. A real coating consists of pigments, effect pigments, clear lacquer and glaze. A novel and unique combination of real parameters that are commonly measured in the industry and a theoretical reflectance model consisting of measurable parameters is required. Here, the authors design perception parameters and put them into well known surface reflection functions such as He and Torrance. The original contributions are the study of the sub-surface scattering of real paint and the prediction of its appearance in rendered images by the proposed model of light reflection beneath the paint surface. Presented at 5-th International Conference Solid State Surfaces and Interfaces, November 19–24, 2006, Smolenice Castle, Slovakia