基于多角度偏振相机的城市典型地物双向反射特性研究

基于高空间分辨率多角度偏振相机(directional polarimetric camera,DPC)获取的中国珠江三角地区典型地表多角度航空数据,在航空尺度上反演得到城市区域四种典型地物的三种半经验双向反射率(bidirectional reflectance distribution function,BRDF)模型的参数,并对模型精度进行分析.结果表明,三种半经验BRDF模型对多角度反射率数据都有较好的拟合能力,其中,Ross-Li模型对森林类型的拟合误差最小,Ross-Roujean模型对裸土类型的拟合误差最小,RPV模型对城市和灌木类型的拟合误差最小.在此基础上,重点分析了四种城市典型地物高空间分辨率的双向反射特性,研究发现,不同地物的反射率存在差别,但整体趋势都随着散射角的变大而变大.城市区域典型地物类型双向反射特性的研究,将为基于遥感数据探测地表和大气物理光学参数提供理论支持.     

空间目标表面材料光谱双向反射分布函数测量与建模

介绍了双向反射分布函数（BRDF）的绝对测量原理和方法,选用光谱分辨率为3 nm的光谱辐射度计及精度为001°的三维转角系统,搭建了BRDF自动测量平台,对空间目标表面包覆材料在400—2500 nm的光谱BRDF进行了测量.结果表明,BRDF曲线极大值所对应的散射角度一般在镜反射方向左右,其余BRDF值随散射角变化很平缓,从中间向两边逐渐变小,近似成余弦分布.测量误差为495%.应用模拟退火算法,结合BRDF五参量统计模型,获得了测量光谱范围内各波长对应的共2101组五参量值,通过对比参量计算结果和 关键词： 双向反射分布函数 绝对测量 误差分析 参量模型     

基于粗糙样片光谱BRDF的空间目标可见光散射研究

实验测量了某种卫星包覆材料和太阳能电池板样片在可见光波段(400~780 nm)的光谱双向反射分布函数.将样片的光谱双向反射分布函数对可见光波段内的太阳谱辐射照度加权平均,获得了可见光入射时目标样片表面的平均双向反射分布函数,并利用遗传算法建立了其参量化统计模型.应用此模型,结合目标的几何建模、消隐,计算了可见光入射时某卫星散射光强度的空间分布,并分析了其与卫星的几何形状、表面材料等的关系.     

转动圆柱和圆锥的激光距离多普勒像分析模型

提出了一个新的转动圆柱和圆锥的激光距离多普勒像分析模型.该模型能分析圆柱和圆锥的几何参量、表面材料、姿态和脉冲宽度对这两种目标的距离多普勒像的影响,并能退化到平面波下的圆柱和圆锥的多普勒谱分析模型.数值分析了几何参量、表面材料、姿态和脉冲宽度对距离多普勒像的影响.理论和测量相结合,这个分析模型能用来进行圆柱和圆锥参量的识别.这个分析模型的解析表达式对于多普勒速度计和激光雷达应用有着重要的意义. 关键词： 光散射 双向反射分布函数 距离多普勒 目标识别     

透明基底表面双向反射分布函数及粗糙度特性研究

采用双向反射分布函数定量分析透明基底表面粗糙度,考虑到透明基底第二个界面的影响,从不透明基底双向反射分布函数入手,推导了实际测量的透明基底表面双向反射分布函数的表达式.依据此理论提出了通过分别测量两个表面的散射强度来联立求解透明基底实际表面反射分布函数和表面粗糙度谱的新方法.并将此结果与用原子力显微镜测量所获得的结果进行了比较,两者吻合较好.     

CO_2探测仪星上定标铝漫反射板的制备与试验

为了研制CO2探测仪定标漫反射板,采用物理研磨和化学腐蚀相结合的工艺方法制作了铝漫反射板试验样块,搭建了相对双向反射分布函数和半球反射率的测试装置。在0°和45°入射光的情况下,对可见近红外波段的测试结果表明：表面粗糙度影响铝漫反射板的朗伯特性,240#研磨砂制作的漫射板的朗伯特性最佳;化学腐蚀不仅能提高铝漫反射板的朗伯特性,也能提高铝漫反射板的半球反射率。当选取碱蚀温度为室温20℃、NaOH溶液浓度为52.6 g/L时,最佳腐蚀时间约为4 min;镀膜使铝漫反射板的半球反射率平均提高20%,但会使其朗伯特性稍变差;不同波长处铝漫反射板的相对双向反射分布函数略有不同,但变化趋势相同。实验确定了影响漫反射板漫反射特性的关键参数,并定量优化了这些工艺参数,为进一步研制CO2探测仪星上定标漫反射板提供了依据。     

Shape parameters measurement of ultralight mirrors

Two measuring techniques are presented in this paper. These techniques are able to measure and process the shape of the reflecting surfaces. In the first part of the paper the theory and modifications of the optical, mechanical and software design for the Hartmann wavefront analyzer are described. This new method is applied to the non-contact measurement of concave-mirrors shape and objectively defines the shape and specifies the difference of the segment shape from an ideal surface with micrometer accuracy. This difference determines essentially the mirrors image quality. In the second part of the paper attention is concentrated on the other main factor that affects image quality— surface roughness. Thereinafter, physical background and usage of the measuring system and results are presented.     

Modeling of radiation transport in coupled atmosphere-snow-ice-ocean systems

A radiative transfer model for coupled atmosphere-snow-ice-ocean systems (CASIO-DISORT) is used to develop accurate and efficient tools for computing the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of sea ice for a wide range of situations occurring in nature. These tools include a method to generate sea ice inherent optical properties (IOPs: single-scattering albedo, extinction optical depth, and scattering asymmetry parameter) for any wavelength between 300 and 4000 nm as a function of sea ice physical parameters including real and imaginary parts of the sea ice refractive index, brine pocket concentration and effective brine pocket size, air bubble concentration and effective air bubble size, volume fraction of ice impurities and impurity absorption coefficient, and sea ice thickness. The CASIO-DISORT code was used to compute look-up tables (LUTs) of the Fourier expansion coefficients of the BRDF as a function of angles of illumination and observation, sea ice IOPs, and ocean albedo. By interpolation in the LUTs one efficiently obtains accurate BRDF values. To include snow on the ice we modified DISORT2 to accept Fourier expansion coefficients for the BDRF as input instead of the BRDF itself, thereby reducing the computation time by a factor of about 60. The BRDF computed by CASIO-DISORT or retrieved from the LUTs applies to diffuse light only. To remedy this shortcoming we added a specular Gaussian beam component to the new BRDF tool and verified that it works well for BRDFs for bare and snow-covered sea ice.     

超低空状态下海面激光后向散射测量与仿真

海面的激光散射特性是制约激光雷达对低空飞行器进行探测与识别的关键因素之一.模拟超低空状态,通过人工造渡池模拟不同海情的海面,采用激光散射测量装置在典型海情下近距离海面获取了激光后向散射数据;采用网格化分割海面,根据Pierson-Moscowitz谱构建了三维时变海面几何模型,利用Torrance-Sparrow模型模拟分析海面的近距离激光后向散射特性.测量和仿真数据表明:实测与仿真结果一致,海面的激光散射受海面几何波形调制;其强度随擦地角增大而增大;由于海面的随机起伏,海面散射极大值存在较大范围波动,并且波动随擦地角减小而增大.     

Prediction of optical properties of paints

The field of predictive rendering concerns itself with those methods of image synthesis which yield results that do not only look real, but are also radiometrically correct renditions of nature, i.e., which are accurate predictions of what a real scene would look like under given lighting conditions. A real coating consists of pigments, effect pigments, clear lacquer and glaze. A novel and unique combination of real parameters that are commonly measured in the industry and a theoretical reflectance model consisting of measurable parameters is required. Here, the authors design perception parameters and put them into well known surface reflection functions such as He and Torrance. The original contributions are the study of the sub-surface scattering of real paint and the prediction of its appearance in rendered images by the proposed model of light reflection beneath the paint surface. Presented at 5-th International Conference Solid State Surfaces and Interfaces, November 19–24, 2006, Smolenice Castle, Slovakia