Relationship between the recovery factor and the viscous dissipation in a confined, impinging, circular jet of high-Prandtl number liquid

The radial distribution of the recovery factor for a confined impinging jet of high-Prandtl number liquid is investigated by numerical approach with emphasis on its physical mechanism. The recovery factor is determined by the viscous dissipation and Prandtl number. Unlike the case of the gas jet impingement, the recovery factor in the region close to the stagnation point can be much larger than unity, while the recovery factor at the stagnation point approaches zero. The dependence of the recovery factor on the nozzle exit velocity profile, the jet Reynolds number, and the nozzle-to-plate spacing is examined.     

时滞对结构振动半主动控制效果的影响

应用磁流变阻尼器对结构振动进行控制，采用最优控制原理设计了控制器，给出在地震激励下结构半主动控制的仿真计算。研究了时滞对结构振动半主动控制效果的影响。数值结果表明：本文设计的半主动控制策略可有效地减小结构的振动响应，时滞对磁流变半主动控制效果随着时滞的增大而变差，但时滞不会导致该反馈控制系统的失稳。     

Asymptotic Investigation of the Thin Viscous Shock Layer Equations in the Neighborhood of the Stagnation Point for Low Reynolds Numbers

Hypersonic three-dimensional viscous rarefied gas flow past blunt bodies is investigated in the neighborhood of the stagnation point. The problem of applicability of the model of a thin viscous shock layer to the regime of transition from continuum to free-molecular flow is considered. In [1], it was shown that at low Reynolds numbers three hypersonic flow regimes can be distinguished and one of those regimes was investigated. In the present study an asymptotic solution of the thin viscous shock layer equations is obtained for another flow regime. With decrease in the Reynolds number the heat transfer coefficient determined by the solution obtained approaches its free-molecular value and the friction coefficient approaches its free-molecular limit, provided that the shock layer thickness is small. The analytical solution is compared with a numerical solution and the results of calculations based on direct Monte Carlo simulation.     

Spatial Motion of a Rod in a Viscous Fluid Flow

Equations of spatial motion of a curved finitelength rod in a viscous fluid flow are derived. Analytical solutions of problems on the motion of a straight rod under conditions of pure shear, simple shear, and uniaxial extension of the fluid are obtained. Longitudinal stability of the straight rod during its spatial motion is considered. Effective viscosity of a suspension filled by rigid straight rods is evaluated.     

不同耗能器安装方式下的结构振动控制效果分析

在斜支撑和Ⅴ形支撑的基础上，提出了安装阻尼器的三种新型附加联动机构支撑形式；并对这三种支撑形式下的阻尼器行程和控制力的计算进行了分析，采用放大系数的形式使计算公式得以简化；以SMA耗能阻尼器为对象，利用笔者编写的计算机程序，对包括斜支撑和Ⅴ形支撑在内的五种阻尼器安装方式进行了仿真计算。结果表明：(1)不同安装方式的振动控制效果各不相同，上肢联动机构的放大作用最大；(2)SMA耗能阻尼器的控制效果受SMA丝材长度的影响较大；(3)对不同的结构和不同的阻尼器应选择不同的阻尼器安装方式，才能使整体控制效果达到最佳。     

Control Problems for the Steady-State Equations of Magnetohydrodynamics of a Viscous Incompressible Fluid

Control problems for a steady-state model of the magnetohydrodynamics of a viscous incompressible fluid in a bounded domain with an impermeable, perfectly conducting boundary are formulated. The resolvability of the problems is studied, the use of the Lagrange principle is justified, and optimality systems are analyzed.     

Stability of the equilibrium state in a convection model with nonlinear temperature and pressure dependences of density

The convection of a heat-conducting viscous liquid is considered. It is assumed that the liquid density depends quadratically on the temperature and pressure. The instability of the equilibrium state of a free-boundary horizontal layer with respect to small perturbations is studied using a linearization method. It is found that the state of mechanical equilibrium is unstable. Neutral curves are constructed and the critical Rayleigh numbers are found. The results are compared with the well-known solution of the same problem for the limiting case where the density is a quadratic function of temperature and does not depend on pressure. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 66–74, March–April, 2007.     

Nonlinear Equations of Motion of an Extensible Underground Pipeline: Derivation and Numerical Modeling

Slow motion of a pipeline modeled by a bent rod in a viscous medium is studied. It is assumed that the displacements of the axial line of the rod are finite and its strains are small. The mutual influence of the tensile axial force and transverse deflections is taken into account. Equations of motion are derived and some numerical examples are considered. An approximate estimate of stresses in the pipeline wall is given.     

Interaction of a heavy fluid flow in a channel with a transverse jet barrier

An experimental and numerical analysis of the interaction between a plane horizontal water flow in a rectangular channel (free water current) and a plane thin water jet (water jet curtain) is presented; the jet flows out vertically from either a slot nozzle in the bottom of the channel or the crest of a rigid spillway at a velocity appreciably (several times) greater than the water velocity in the channel. Numerical calculations were carried out using the STAR-CD software package preliminarily tested against the experimental data obtained. The dependence of the water level in the channel at a certain distance ahead of the jet barrier on the main jet parameters and the water flow rate in the horizontal channel is studied. It is found that in the region of the interface between the flows both steady and unsteady (self-oscillatory) flow patterns can be realized. Steady stream/jet interaction patterns of the “ejection” and “ejection-spillway” types are distinguished and a criterion separating these regimes is obtained. The notion of a rigid spillway equivalent to a jet curtain is introduced and an approximate dependence of its height on the relevant parameters of the problem is derived. The possibility of effectively controlling the water level ahead of a rigid spillway with a sharp edge by means of a plane water jet flowing from its crest is investigated. The boundary of transition to self-oscillation interaction patterns in the region of the flow interface is determined. The structure of these flows and a possible mechanism of their generation are described. Within the framework of the inviscid incompressible fluid model in the approximate formulation for a “thin” jet, an analytical dependence of the greatest possible depth of a reservoir filled with a heavy fluid at rest and screened by a vertical jet barrier on the jet parameters is obtained.     

Refinement of the plastic-zone boundary in the vicinity of a crack tip for the quasiviscous and viscous types of fracture

A refined solution of the elastoplastic problem of an insulated mode I crack in a thin plate of reasonably large dimensions is obtained. Estimates of the plastic zone in the vicinity of the crack tip are given for quasiviscous and viscous types of fracture.Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 126–132, January–February, 2005