高聚物PMMA的受力变形行为与粘弹－塑性本构理论模型

对高聚物ＰＭＭＡ实验测定了不同（Ｔ，ε）的单轴加卸载循环的应力－应变曲线。讨论了应力促进热激活塑性变形的活化粘壶理论和塑性变形的发展规律。提出由ＳＬＳ或ＭＳ与活化粘壶作串联耦合的粘弹－塑性本构理论模型，给出了微分和积分形式的本构方程组，用于拟合求解加卸载循环的应力－应变曲线，获得良好吻合的结果。详细讨论了ＰＭＭＡ在加载过程中的受力变形行为，包括起始加载的粘弹性变形，ε＿ｖ和ε＿ｐ的互相挤占，屈服点，以及屈服后应变软化和硬化的抗衡过程。对应变软化－硬化效应提出一种新的起因于粘弹变形内禀滞后效应的理论解释，并定名为粘弹软化－强化效应。对所包含的粘弹变形成分，从Ｅ＿ｖ的移位因子和归一化应力－应变主曲线两方面，讨论了可能存在的率温等效关系。     

高精度动态光纤应变传感研究

传统的光纤应变传感技术无法在满足高精度和强环境适应性的同时实现稳定的动态应变传感.为了解决该问题,本文将光干涉原理应用于光纤应变传感,设计了一种强环境适应性的基于干涉结构的高精度光纤应变传感系统,基于扫频干涉信号的互相关系数,该系统可以稳定地探测应变.本文还提出一种动态探测算法,该算法弥补了系统只能探测较小应变的缺陷,大大提升了实际应变的探测范围,同时还实现了动态的应变检测;采用三次样条插值算法,提升了小应变探测的精度.理论分析和仿真模拟表明,在加入白噪声的信号信噪比为15dB时,插值后的探测精度是未插值探测精度的2.3倍,插值后本系统探测结果的最大误差只有约9nε.     

Prediction of a bcc-hcp phase transition for Sn: A first-principles study

The high-pressure structural transformation of elemental Sn is studied using an ab initio density functional theory implementation of the metadynamics method that predicts with sufficient compression, Sn will transform from the bcc structure into an hcp structure. The low-free-energy pathway associated with this phase transition is characterized as the Burgers transition mechanism. The superconducting properties of Sn under pressure are also investigated. Both bcc and hcp structures of Sn exhibit very weak electron-phonon coupling and therefore would not sustain superconductivity at high pressure.     

Simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature with a long-period fiber grating inscribed Sagnac interferometer

A Sagnac interferometer with a long-period fiber grating (LPG) inscribed in the polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature. Due to the different responses of the LPG and the Sagnac interferometer to strain and temperature, simultaneous measurement can be achieved by monitoring the wavelength shifts and the intensity changes of a resonance dip of the sensor setup. The experimental results show that the achieved sensitivities to strain and temperature are 6.4 × 10^− 3 dB/με and 0.65 nm/°C, respectively.     

Si基双环级联光学谐振腔应变检测研究

绝缘衬底上的硅材料制备的光学微环谐振腔结构具有高灵敏度、结构尺寸小和极低模式体积等特性,被广泛应用到光信息传递、惯性导航领域,但极少被应用到力学信号的测试,为此,研究了一种基于硅基光学微环谐振腔结构的悬臂梁式应力/应变敏感计,利用微环谐振腔环形波导径向形变量作为感应应力的中间物理量,在外界应力作用下,环形波导的半径将发生改变,使结构的光学谐振参数产生变化,从而使光学微环谐振腔谐振谱线发生明显红移,体现出良好的应力/应变敏感特性;通过设计双环级联光学微腔,并采用MEMS光刻、ICP腐蚀工艺制备了嵌入式光学微腔应变计结构,结合理论计算了悬臂梁结构的应力应变敏感特性,经仿真及实验得到,应变计结构的应力/应变灵敏度分别为0.185 pm·kPa-1,18.04 pm·microstrain-1,与单环微腔结构相比,线性量程增加了近50.3%,应力灵敏度提高了近10.6%,初步验证了嵌入式光学微腔结构进行高灵敏度应力/应变检测的可行性,有望实现新型光学力敏传感器件的微型化、集成化。     

High strain rate sensitivity of hardness in quinary Ti-Zr-Hf-Cu-Ni high entropy metallic glass thin films

Quinary Ti-Zr-Hf-Cu-Ni high-entropy metallic glass thin films were produced by magnetron sputter deposition. Nanoindentation tests indicate that the deposited film exhibits a relatively large hardness of 10.4±0.6 GPa and a high elastic modulus of 131±11 GPa under the strain rate of 0.5 s⁻¹. Specifically, the strain rate sensitivity of hardness measured for the thin film is 0.05, the highest value reported for metallic glasses so far. Such high strain rate sensitivity of hardness is likely due to the high-entropy effect which stabilizes the amorphous structure with enhanced homogeneity.     

Lateral compression of thin-walled tubes: Strain measurement by image analysis

An experimental technique based on image analysis is proposed for the measurement of the strain field in tubes subjected to lateral collapse. Data are numerically treated to reduce the experimental error, and a correction to account for the curvature of the profile is introduced. The results, also compared with others obtained with electrical strain gages, confirm the validity of an existing model for strain and crushing force prediction.     

Three-dimensional elastic–plastic finite element analysis for orthogonal cutting with discontinuous chip of 6-4 brass

An elastic–plastic finite element model is developed for 3D orthogonal cutting of discontinuous chips. The tool is P20 while the workpiece is made of 6-4 brass. Examined under the condition of low cutting speed are the initial crack location, the direction of crack growth and variations of discrete chips. These predictions are made possible by application of the strain energy density (SED) theory. The initial crack was formed above the tool tip and grew progressively along the stationary values of the SED function until the trajectory intersects with the free surface. The plastic deformation and friction result in a high equivalent stress in the secondary deformation zone of the first longitudinal chip. Stresses are also high at the location of crack initiation. The chip node near the tool face is sensitive to the contact of the tool face. As more residual stress prevails after the first longitudinal cut, degradation of the workpiece surface prevails and should be accounted for.     

Strain hardening behavior of polymer blends with fibril morphology

We investigate the rheological behavior of the polymer blends with fibril morphology, with special focus on the effect of fibril morphology on the extensional properties under uniaxial extension. We add a small amount of the dispersed phase to the matrix, and control the blend morphology by changing the viscosity ratio. When the fibril morphology is maintained, the blend shows not only a significant increase of the extensional viscosity but the strain hardening behavior. The extensional viscosity increases depending on the aspect ratio of the fibers, while the strain hardening behavior originates from the restricted stretching of deformable fibers, which has been confirmed theoretically by introducing the concept of rigidity of the fiber. It suggests a way to induce the strain hardening behavior by introducing deformable fibrils into the matrix, that is, by the design of polymer blends with a small amount of dispersed phase such that the fibril structure is maintained.     

Correlation between rheological behaviour in uniaxial elongation and film blowing properties of various polyethylenes

Six various low density polyethylenes and one blend were rheologically characterized in elongation. Their different strain-hardening behaviour could qualitatively be related to their molecular structure. All the materials were blown to films on laboratory equipment under various conditions. The take-up force and the film homogeneity were determined quantitatively, the bubble stability was visually assessed. The bubble stability increased with growing take-up force. The take-up force was found to be the stronger the higher the elongational viscosity was. The homogeneity of film thickness is not related to the bubble stability but to the occurrence of strain hardening in the uniaxial elongational experiment at high Hencky strains. Measurements of the uniaxial elongational behaviour of polyethylene melts are a valuable and promising way to assist the development and optimisation of film blowing materials.