强脉冲软X光辐照薄塑料闪烁体发光特性研究

介绍了Z-pinch实验用软X光功率仪的测量原理,利用“强光一号”产生的强脉冲软X光对薄塑料闪烁体(40 mm×0.1 mm)进行了辐照。实验中,采用两套软X光功率仪并安装在同一个大法兰面上,其中一套作为标准系统,参数保持不变,另一套系统的狭缝宽度逐渐增加,以改变软X光辐照到闪烁体上的能量通量密度。测量了软X光的辐射功率,由此计算得到在强脉冲软X光辐照下发光线性输出时能量通量密度下限,为1.47×105 W/cm2,为以后在Z-pinch物理诊断中合理安排探测系统提供了实验依据,使诊断结果更加合理和准确。     

时域开槽天线阵列的接收特性

利用自建的时域测量系统对接收阵元数不同、相邻阵元间距不同、阵元数相同接收方向不同的开槽天线阵列接收电场进行了测试。时域天线的时域波形、归一化能量方向图、归一化峰值方向图的分析结果表明：时域天线方向性具有时变性,与观察方向和时间段有关,接收波形峰值随主接收方向偏离主轴程度的增大而减小;阵列某一面的方向图仅与该面的阵元数及相邻阵元间距有关,与其它面的阵列无关;阵列单元越多,相邻单元间距越大,方向图波束越窄。     

分子激发态光谱和动力学

分子激发态光谱和动力学对于了解分子的电子结构及电子运动、核振动和分子转动之间的相互作用有重要的意义.我们建立起了一套红外－红外双共振实验平台,开展了碱金属双原子分子微扰增强双共振研究,取得了一些重要结果.利用XUV激光结合高分辨光电子能谱的方法,我们研究了一些重要分子离子的光谱,如：CH3CN+/CD3CN+ 的电子运动与核振动之间的相互作用（Jahn-Teller 效应）.     

光电化学电极的研究及其在太阳能转化方面的应用

TiO2半导体光电极的发现引发了科学界大量关于半导体光电极的研究.目前,对TiO2的掺杂,对新材料的探索以及对异质结的深入研究,目的都是为了提高半导体光电极的太阳光利用效率.敏化太阳能电池的出现是半导体光电极在实用化方面迈进的一大步.文章简述半导体光电极的研究历史,并对该领域将来的研究方向进行了展望.     

Properties of RhP predicted by first-principles

Using density functional theory combined with a global crystal structure search with the particle swarm optimization method, we propose three stable three-dimensional (3D) metallic RhP structures, namely, the Cmcm (RhP-I), P6/mmm (RhP-II), and P6₃mc (RhP-III) phases. All these structures are found to be dynamically stable through vibrational normal mode calculations, indicating that they could be successfully synthesized in experiments. We show that the RhP-I phase has a relatively high thermodynamic stability and high mechanical strength in comparison with the others. The RhP-II and RhP-III phases have porous structures which could accommodate small atoms or molecules. However their thermodynamics are poor, especially the RhP-III phase. The RhP-II structure is stable at 500 K, but the RhP-III fails to survive even at the freezing point of water. Importantly, all these materials have one dimensional conducting channels corresponding to ultrahigh Fermi velocities. Moreover, the porous hexagonal RhP-II and III structures exhibit excellent ability to trap lithium, hydrogen, oxygen, and boron atoms. The RhP-II structure could be especially useful for directly dissociating the hydrogen molecule into two atoms without an energy barrier. In the present study, we identify three new metallic structures to the family of RhP structures, and anticipate their potential for technological applications.     

Geometry Optimization of Thermoelectric Modules: Deviation of Optimum Power Output and Conversion Efficiency

Besides the material research in the field of thermoelectrics, the way from a material to a functional thermoelectric (TE) module comes alongside additional challenges. Thus, comprehension and optimization of the properties and the design of a TE module are important tasks. In this work, different geometry optimization strategies to reach maximum power output or maximum conversion efficiency are applied and the resulting performances of various modules and respective materials are analyzed. A Bi₂Te₃-based module, a half-Heusler-based module, and an oxide-based module are characterized via FEM simulations. By this, a deviation of optimum power output and optimum conversion efficiency in dependence of the diversity of thermoelectric materials is found. Additionally, for all modules, the respective fluxes of entropy and charge as well as the corresponding fluxes of thermal and electrical energy within the thermolegs are shown. The full understanding and enhancement of the performance of a TE module may be further improved.     

A STUDY OF LOW CYCLE FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS BASED ON THE FUNNEL-SHEET SPECIMENS1)

根据能量等效方法,针对漏斗薄片试样,提出了关联Ramberg-Osgood 幂律参数、试样几何参数的载荷-位移半解析统一模型。采用有限元数值模拟,正、反向验证了该模型的有效性。在此基础上,提出了通过漏斗薄片试样低循环试验实现材料低周疲劳性能的预测方法。基于薄片试样低循环试验数据,完成了SS316L, N18及SAPH440 三种材料的低周疲劳性能预测,预测结果与标准试样试验结果具有良好的一致性。并利用该方法完成了N18与SAPH在不同温度条件下的低周疲劳性能预测。     

Paramagnetic Properties and Moderately RapidConformational Dynamics in the Cobalt(II) Calix[4]arene Complex by NMR

¹H NMR measurements are reported for the CD₂Cl₂/CDCl₃ solutions of the Co(II) calix[4]arenetetraphosphineoxide complex (I). Temperature dependences of the ¹H NMR spectra of I have been analyzed using the line shape analysis, taking into account the temperature variation of paramagnetic chemical shifts, within the frame of the dynamic NMR method. Conformational dynamics of the 2:1 Co(II) calix[4]arene complexes was conditioned by the pinched cone ↔pinched cone interconversion of I (with activation Gibbs energy ΔG^≠(298K) = 40 ± 3 kJ/mol. Due to substantial temperature dependence of paramagnetic shifts, complex I can be used as model compound for designing an NMR thermosensor reagent for local temperature monitoring.     

Numerical Study on Entropy Generation of the Multi-Stage Centrifugal Pump

The energy loss of the multi-stage centrifugal pump was investigated by numerical analysis using the entropy generation method with the RNG k-ε turbulence model. Entropy generation due to time-averaged motion and velocity fluctuation was mainly considered. It was found that the entropy generation of guide vanes and impellers account for 71.2% and 23.3% of the total entropy generation under the designed flow condition. The guide vanes are the main hydraulic loss domains and their entropy generation is about 9 W/K, followed by impellers. There are vortices at the tongue of the guide vane inlet as well as flow separations in the impellers, which lead to entropy generation. The fluid impacts the outer surface of the guide vanes, resulting in the increase in entropy generation. There are refluxes near the guide vane tongues which also increase the entropy generation of this part. The entropy generation distribution of the guide vanes and impellers was investigated, which found that the positive guide vane has more entropy generation compared with the reverse guide. The entropy generation of the blade suction surface is higher compared with the pressure surface. This study indicated that the entropy generation method has distinct advantages in the assessment of hydraulic loss.