Pricing in a supply chain for auction bidding under information asymmetry

We examine a supply chain in which a manufacturer participates in a sealed-bid lowest price procurement auction through a distributor. This form of supply chain is common when a manufacturer is active in an overseas market without establishing a local subsidiary. To gain a strategic advantage in the division of profit, the manufacturer and distributor may intentionally conceal information about the underlying cost distribution of the competition. In this environment of information asymmetry, we determine the equilibrium mark-up, the ex-ante expected mark-up and expected profit of the manufacturer and the equilibrium bid of the distributor. In unilateral communication, we demonstrate the informed agent’s advantage resulting to higher mark-up. Under information sharing, we show that profit is equally shared among the supply chain partners and we explicitly derive the mark-up when the underlying cost distribution is uniform in [0, 1]. The model and findings are illustrated by a numerical example.     

Context matters: The impact of product type,emotional attachment and information overload on choice quality

We show that contextual variables in a Multiple Criteria Decision Making task influence choice quality. Based on an experiment we investigate the effects of product type, emotional attachment, and the amount and structure of information provided. We measured choice quality with nondominance, which is a desirable property of good choices. Regarding the product type effect, we distinguish between hedonic products that primarily are desirable due to affect, and utilitarian products, which are desirable because they are useful. When subjects with high emotional attachment make choices with hedonic products, they make fewer dominated choices than with utilitarian products. Further, we show that information overload is a relevant phenomenon in MCDM experiments. However, what matters is the quality of information, not just the quantity. When we add information that does not change the dominance relations between products, choice quality is not degraded.     

The random energy model in a magnetic field and joint source-channel coding

We demonstrate that there is an intimate relationship between the magnetic properties of Derrida’s random energy model (REM) of spin glasses and the problem of joint source-channel coding in Information Theory. In particular, typical patterns of erroneously decoded messages in the coding problem have “magnetization” properties that are analogous to those of the REM in certain phases, where the non-uniformity of the distribution of the source in the coding problem plays the role of an external magnetic field applied to the REM. We also relate the ensemble performance (random coding exponents) of joint source-channel codes to the free energy of the REM in its different phases.     

Tunneling Effect from a Non-static Black Hole with the Internal Global Monopole

In this paper, we extend Parikh’ work to the non-stationary black hole, a non-static black hole with the internal global monopole. We view Hawking radiation as a tunneling process across the event horizon and calculate the tunneling probability. We find that the result is different from Parikh’s work because is the function of Bondi mass m(v).     

Spirals in Hilbert space: With an application in information theory

A (logarithmic) spiral of order is defined as a continuous path tx(t) in a real Hilbert space such that

For α=0 the spiral becomes a helix. The elegant proof by P. Masani of the spectral characterization of helices, due to Kolmogorov and to von Neumann and Schoenberg, is adapted here to spirals. As an application a conjecture by F. Topsøe that certain kernels on considered in information theory are negative definite, and hence are squares of metrics on , is confirmed.     

小波包熵的复杂体系近红外光谱信息提取

有用信息提取是复杂体系近红外检测的重点和难点之一。由于复杂体系光谱中存在各种噪声、基线漂移、谱带重叠及复杂背景的干扰,常规方法不能准确地从光谱中获得有用信息。为此,将小波包变换(DWPT)和信息熵理论相结合--小波包熵(EWPIE)提取复杂体系光谱中的有用信息。思路是采用小波包变换对光谱信号进行多频带分解,根据有用信号与噪声的频带分布特点,基于信息熵理论滤除干扰的频率分量,采用正交校正法(OSC)剔除与被测组分无关的信息,然后对处理后的频率分量进行重构,从而实现复杂体系有用信息的准确提取。通过对复杂体系光谱数据建立多元校正模型来验证该方法的效果。采用牛奶的近红外光谱数据,以牛奶中脂肪和蛋白质浓度为研究对象,建立了偏最小二乘法(PLS)模型。结果显示,牛奶中脂肪和蛋白质的预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.132%和0.121%,与单纯的DWPT和OSC相比,EWPIE能够有效地提取有用信息,避免了无用信息的干扰,明显提高了模型的预测精度,对复杂体系的准确检测具有一定的理论意义和实际应用价值。     

Self-powered Biosensor Big Data Intelligent Information Processing System for Real-time Motion Monitoring

A portable self-powered biosensor big data information processing system has been designed to help coaches monitor athlete training performance in real-time. The material system is composed of tetrapod-shaped ZnO nanowires and common textiles. Based on the piezoelectric effect, the device can convert weak shape variables into electrical signals, and the output piezoelectric signal obviously depends on the shape variable, the surrounding humidity and temperature. After attaching the device to the athlete, it can monitor the speed, frequency, angle of an athlete, and surrounding humidity and temperature in real-time without external power supply. API data collected by information processing end, server behavior simulated by Web service, turns the host of integrated web services into a data server, shares to other terminals via LAN to implement the visual charts summary for data-driven views, summarize and analyze charts. This multidisciplinary research can point out the new development direction of sport science and may promote the development of flexible self-powered multifunctional nano-systems.     

中介逻辑演算系统MPN及MFN

为满足不完全信息系统应用的需要,本文构造了基于命题联结词∧、∨、→、ヲ、～和～的中介逻辑命题演算系统ＭＰＮ和中介逻辑谓词演算系统ＭＦＮ,并证明了ＭＰＮ与ＭＰ＊、ＭＦＮ与ＭＦ＊的表达能力等价。ＭＦＮ将为进一步讨论不完全信息数据库作准备     

Stochastic modeling and generation of random fields of elasticity tensors: A unified information-theoretic approach

In this Note, we present a unified approach to the information-theoretic modeling and simulation of a class of elasticity random fields, for all physical symmetry classes. The new stochastic representation builds upon a Walpole tensor decomposition, which allows the maximum entropy constraints to be decoupled in accordance with the tensor (sub)algebras associated with the class under consideration. In contrast to previous works where the construction was carried out on the scalar-valued Walpole coordinates, the proposed strategy involves both matrix-valued and scalar-valued random fields. This enables, in particular, the construction of a generation algorithm based on a memoryless transformation, hence improving the computational efficiency of the framework. Two applications involving weak symmetries and sampling over spherical and cylindrical geometries are subsequently provided. These numerical experiments are relevant to the modeling of elastic interphases in nanocomposites, as well as to the simulation of spatially dependent wood properties for instance.