A snapback suppressed reverse-conducting IGBT with uniform temperature distribution

A novel reverse-conducting insulated-gate bipolar transistor(RC-IGBT) featuring a floating P-plug is proposed. The P-plug is embedded in the n-buffer layer to obstruct the electron current from flowing directly to the n-collector, which achieves the hole emission from the p-collector at a small collector size and suppresses the snapback effectively. Moreover, the current is uniformly distributed in the whole wafer at both IGBT mode and diode mode, which ensures the high temperature reliability of the RC-IGBT. Additionally, the P-plug acts as the base of the N-buffer/P-float/N-buffer transistor, which can be activated to extract the excessive carriers at the turn-off process. As the the simulation results show, for the proposed RC-IGBT, it achieves almost snapback-free output characteristics with a uniform current density and a uniform temperature distribution, which can greatly increase the reliability of the device.     

Theoretical description of improving measurement accuracy for incoherence Mie Doppler wind lidar

For the nonlinearity of Fabry-Perot interferometer(FPI) transmission spectrum,the measurement uncertainty of incoherent Mie Doppler wind lidar based on it increases evidently with the increase of backscattering signal Doppler shift.A method of repeating the use of the approximate linear part of FPI transmission spectra for reducing the high uncertainty of a big Doppler shift is proposed.One of the ways of realizing this method is discussed in detail,in which the characteristics of FPI transmission spectrum changing with thickness and incident angle are utilized simultaneously.Under different atmosphere conditions,it has been proved theoretically that the range of measurement uncertainty drops to one-sixth while its minimum has no serious change.This method can be used not only to guide the new system design,but also as a new working way for the fabricated system.     

荞麦花多糖的提取及含量测定

采用热水提取、乙醇沉淀的方法从荞麦花中提取出了水溶性多糖,采用硫酸-苯酚法在波长为497nm处进行了糖含量的测定,求得其校准曲线的回归方程为y=0.00508x 0.0294,相关系数为r=0.9978.平均回收率为99%-103%,RSD为0.74%.结果显示:荞麦花多糖的产率为2.5%.糖含量为41.63%.     

深紫外激光光发射与热发射电子显微镜在热扩散阴极研究中的应用

对热扩散阴极表面微区发射状态进行原位观察和分析一直是热阴极研究的重要课题.本文着重介绍深紫外激光光发射电子/热发射电子显微镜的基本原理及其在热扩散阴极研究中的典型实例.系统配备了高温激活所用的加热装置,样品可被加热至1400℃.系统具有光发射电子、阴极热发射电子、光发射电子和阴极热发射电子联合三种电子成像模式.应用表明,对于热扩散阴极而言,深紫外激光光发射电子像适于呈现阴极表面的微观结构形貌;热发射电子像适于反映阴极表面的本征热电子发射及均匀性;光电子和热电子联合成像适于对阴极表面的有效发射点做出精确定位.     

利用交叉克尔非线性效应实现纠缠转移

提出了一种基于交叉克尔非线性效应的纠缠态转移方案.利用该方案可以将离散变量光场态之间的纠缠关系转移到连续变量光场态(相干态)上.通过适当设置初始相干态的振幅，该方案可以使转移后的纠缠相干态处于最大纠缠态.     

丁酮分子内价轨道1a″的电子动量谱学研究

用高分辨率电子动量谱仪进行丁酮分子的结合能谱和内价轨道1a″电子动量谱的实验工作，以及用Hartree-Fock和密度泛函理论方法对1a″轨道电子动量谱的理论研究. 得到了各价轨道的电离能值以及理论计算的总能、偶极矩和1a″轨道的二维密度图. 并比较了内价轨道1a″的电子动量谱的实验和理论计算结果，实验结果与理论计算符合较好.     

Application of 28Mg to the kinetic study of Mg uptake by rice plants

The time course of Mg uptake and release using intact rice plants and ²⁸Mg as a tracer is presented. Since there is no conventional Mg tracer available, ²⁸Mg was produced via ²⁷Al(α, 3p)²⁸Mg reaction using a cyclotron. Using the purified ²⁸Mg tracer, it was found that the uptake amount of ²⁸Mg by the rice plants increased linearly during 30 min of application. After ²⁸Mg treatment for 90 min, the roots were sequentially washed with iced solution for 120 min. Within about 10 min, almost all of the ²⁸Mg, that was thought to be weakly bound to the apoplast, was washed away.     

Experimental NMR and MS study of benzoylguanidines. Investigation of E/Z isomerism

Molecules containing the guanidinic nuclei possess several pharmacological applications, and knowing the preferred isomers of a potential drug is important to understand the way it operates pharmacologically. Benzoylguanidines were synthesized in satisfactory to good yields and characterized by NMR, Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI‐MS) and Fourrier Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy techniques (FTIR). E/Z isomerism of the guanidines was studied and confirmed by NMR analysis in solution (¹H‐¹³C Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence (HSQC) and Heteronuclear Multiple‐Bond Correlation (HMBC), ¹H‐¹⁵N HMBC, ¹H‐¹H Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY) and Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (NOESY) experiments) at low temperatures. Compounds with p‐Cl and p‐Br aniline moiety exist mainly as Z isomer with a small proportion of E isomer, whereas compounds with p‐NO2 moiety showed a decrease in proportion of isomer Z. The results are important for the application of these molecules as enzymatic inhibitors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Simulation of container filling process with two inlets by improved smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method

In this article, an improved smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is proposed to simulate the filling process with two inlets. Improvements are achieved by deriving a corrected kernel gradient of SPH and a density re-initialisation. In addition, a new treatment of solid wall boundaries is presented. Thus, the improved SPH method has higher accuracy and better stability, and conserves both linear and angular momentums. The validity of the new boundary treatment is shown by simulating the spin-down problem. The bench tests are also presented to demonstrate the performance of the improved SPH method. Then the filling process with a single inlet is simulated to show the ability to capture complex-free surface of the proposed method. Finally, the filling process with two inlets is numerically investigated. The numerical results show that the filling patterns are affected significantly by Reynolds number, aspect ratio of the container and the location of the inlets.     

Synthesis of a benzoxazine with precisely two phenolic OH linkages and the properties of its high‐performance copolymers

A phenolic OH‐containing benzoxazine ( F‐ap ), which cannot be directly synthesized from the condensation of bisphenol F, aminophenol, and formaldehyde by traditional procedures, has been successfully prepared in our alternative synthetic approach. F‐ap was prepared by three steps including (a) condensation of 4‐aminophenol and 5,5'‐methylenebis(2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde) (1) , (b) reduction of the resulting imine linkage by sodium borohydride, and (c) ring closure condensation by formaldehyde. The key starting material, (1) , was prepared from 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde and s‐trioxane in the presence of sulfuric acid. F‐ap is structurally similar to bis(3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐3‐phenyl‐1,3‐benzoxazinyl)methane ( F‐a, a commercial benzoxazine based on bisphenol F/aniline/formaldehyde) except for two phenolic OHs. The phenolic OHs can provide reaction sites with epoxy and 1,1'‐(methylenedi‐p‐phenylene)bismaleimide (BMI). The structure–property relationships between the thermosets of F‐ap /epoxy, F‐a /epoxy, F‐ap /BMI, and F‐a /BMI were discussed. Experimental data showed that thermosets based on F‐ap /epoxy and F‐ap /BMI provided much better thermal properties than those based on F‐a /epoxy and F‐a /BMI. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2686–2694