基于微通道板的中子探测器γ射线灵敏度

研制了一种基于微通道板的超快脉冲中子探测器,对其γ射线灵敏度进行了理论和实验研究。建立了探测器的γ射线灵敏度理论计算模型,利用蒙特卡罗方法模拟计算了不同能量γ射线在不同厚度聚乙烯靶中产生的出射电子能谱和出射角度分布,并结合经验公式计算了单个电子在微通道板(MCP)孔道中产生的二次电子产额,最后得到了探测器的γ射线灵敏度,结果表明当聚乙烯靶厚度大于某一值时,γ射线灵敏度基本相同。利用西北核技术研究所的标准γ射线放射源对探测器的γ射线灵敏度进行了实验标定,实验结果与理论计算结果一致。     

基于BiFeO_3/ITO复合膜表面钝化的黑硅太阳电池性能研究

采用金属银辅助化学刻蚀法在制绒的硅片表面刻蚀纳米孔形成微纳米双层结构,以期获得高吸收率的太阳能电池用黑硅材料.鉴于微纳米结构会在晶硅表面引入大量的载流子复合中心,利用磁控溅射技术在黑硅太阳电池表面制备了BiFeO_3/ITO复合膜,并对其表面性能和优化效果进行了探索.实验制备的具有微纳米双层结构的黑硅纳米线长约180—320 nm,在300—1000 nm波长范围内入射光反射率均在5%以下.沉积BiFeO_3/ITO复合薄膜后的黑硅太阳能电池反射率略有提高,但仍然具有较强的光吸收性能;采用BiFeO_3/ITO复合膜的黑硅太阳能电池开路电压和短路电流密度分别由最初的0.61 V和28.42 mA/cm~2提升至0.68 V和34.57 mA/cm~2,相应电池的光电转化效率由13.3%上升至16.8%.电池综合性能的改善主要是因为沉积BiFeO_3/ITO复合膜提高了电池光生载流子的有效分离,从而增强了黑硅太阳电池短波区域的光谱响应,表明具有自发极化性能的BiFeO_3薄膜对黑硅太阳能电池的表面性能可起到较好的优化作用.     

THz波在金属镀层空芯波导中传输的理论和实验研究

本文基于微扰法求得不同金属镀层空心圆波导中各模式的损耗系数,对金属镀层空芯波导中THz波传输损耗随金属材料、波导结构等参数的变化关系进行了数值模拟.根据数值分析结果,优化设计并拉制了内径为1.1 mm的镀银空芯波导,实验测得当THz波的频率为2.5 THz时,传输损耗为8.6 dB/m,实现了THz波短距离的有效传输. 关键词： 太赫兹波 金属空芯波导 传输损耗     

Microstructure evolution of laser solid forming of Ti-Al-V ternary system alloys from blended elemental powders

Morphology evolution of prior β grains of laser solid forming (LSF) Ti-xAl-yV (x 11,y 20) alloys from blended elemental powders is investigated. The formation mechanism of grain morphology is revealed by incorporating columnar to equiaxed transition (CET) mechanism during solidification. The morphology of prior β grains of LSF Ti-6Al-yV changes from columnar to equiaxed grains with increasing element V content from 4 to 20 wt.-%. This agrees well with CET theoretical prediction. Likewise, the grain morphology of LSF Ti-xAl-2V from blended elemental powders changes from large columnar to small equiaxed with increasing Al content from 2 to 11 wt.-%. The macro-morphologies of LSF Ti-8Al-2V and Ti-11Al-2V from blended elemental powders do not agree with CET predictions. This is caused by the increased disturbance effects of mixing enthalpy with increasing Al content, generated in the alloying process of Ti, Al, and V in the molten pool.     

多光束激光干涉光刻图样

利用电磁理论,研究了多光束激光干涉图样的产生原理,结合计算机数值模拟和相关实验结果,分析了干涉图样的影响因素。研究结果表明：多光束激光干涉图样可以看成是多组余弦分布的平行线条纹的叠加;相干光束的偏振方向、入射方向、光束间相差是干涉图样的重要影响因素,改变这些因素,余弦分布的平行线条纹的振幅、置、周期和方向发生变化,图样也随之变化。     

Modeling Fraunhofer diffractive characteristics for modulation transfer function analysis of tilted ring metallic mesh

In order to analyze the Fraunhofer diffractive characteristics and modulation transfer function (MTF) of a tilted ring metallic mesh, an optical intensity distribution model of Fraunhofer diffraction is built using Huygens–Fresnel diffraction theory and the diffraction integral is carried out directly in the tilted mesh plane. The diffraction characteristics of the tilted ring metallic mesh are in good agreement with experimental results, which proves the correctness of the model established. MTF of an optical system with metallic mesh is calculated based on the model established and Fourier transform. Analysis shows that the degradation of MTF caused by diffraction of a ring mesh is much less than that of a square mesh whether they are vertical or tilted to the optical axis. Therefore, ring mesh can provide higher imaging quality than square mesh when they are used as high-pass filters in optical windows. A tilted array diffraction modulating factor is abstracted and believed useful in the analysis of diffractive characteristics of tilted square mesh and ring mesh, and it can be extended to Fraunhofer diffractive characteristics analysis of other tilted diffraction arrays.     

YBa2Cu3O7-δ/La0.6Pb0.4MnO3多层膜的制备及激光感生热电电压效应的研究

采用脉冲激光沉积法在倾斜LaAlO3(100)衬底上制备了(YBa2Cu3O7-δ/La0.6Pb0.4MnO)L(L为多层膜周期数)外延多层膜.X射线衍射谱显示(YBCO/LPMO)L多层膜沿c轴生长.观察到多层膜中有很大的激光感生热电电压(LITV)出现,与YBa2Cu3O7-δ(YBCO)和La0.6Pb0.4MnO3(LPMO)单层膜相比,多层膜的LITV信号有约一个数量级的增强.讨论了影响(YBCO/LPMO)L多层膜的LITV效应的因素.     

量子点环嵌入Aharonov-Bohm干涉器中电子的退耦合态及反共振现象

采用Anderson模型哈密顿量和非平衡态格林函数方法对量子点环以不同构型嵌入A-B干涉器中电子输运的退耦合态及反共振现象进行了理论研究. 结果表明,量子点环A-B干涉器的结构对称性以及穿过A-B干涉器的磁通量是诱发退耦合现象的两种物理机理. 耦合量子点结构的对称性越高,体系在相干电子输运过程中表现出来的退耦合及反共振现象越明显. 而且在具有高度对称性的耦合量子点结构中,通过磁场调节体系的结构参数可以分别使第奇数或第偶数分子本征态从电极上退耦合,从而使电子输运电导表现出奇偶对等振荡现象. 这为设计纳米电子开关器件提供了一个新的物理模型. 关键词： 量子点环 A-B干涉器 退耦合 反共振     

利用电光相位调制和交叉相位调制制作时间透镜的实验及仿真分析

对时间成像理论进行简要研究. 利用电光相位调制器进行光脉冲压缩实验,并分别对基于电光相位调制和交叉相位调制的时间透镜组成的时间成像系统进行了仿真和讨论. 实验结果表明,基于电光相位调制的时间透镜组成的时间成像系统可以有效压缩光脉冲,但是该系统受到了孔径限制,压缩系数较小,分辨率较低. 进一步的仿真分析结果表明,基于交叉相位调制的时间透镜组成的时间成像系统不受孔径限制,能够获得更大的压缩系数和更高的分辨率,但是该系统的实现难度较大. 关键词： 光脉冲压缩 时间透镜 电光相位调制 交叉相位调制     

交叉分子束方法研究H+CH4和H+CD4反应:CH3/CD3的振动激发态产物通道

We study the H+CH₄/CD₄→H₂/HD+CH₃/CD₃ reactions using the time sliced velocity map ion imaging technique. Ion images of the CH₃/CD₃ products were measured by the (2+1) resonance enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI) detection method. Besides the CH₃/CD₃ products in the ground state, ion images of the vibrationally excited CH₃/CD₃ products were also observed at two collision energies of 0.72 and 1.06 eV. It is shown that the angular distribution of the products CH₃/CD₃ in vibrationally excited states gradually vary from backward scattering to sideways scattering as the collision energy increases. Compared to the CH₃/CD₃ products in the ground state, the CH₃/CD₃ products in vibrationally excited states tend to be more sideways scattered, indicating that larger impact parameters play a more important role in the vibrationally excited product channels.