300～1100nm多波段成像光学系统设计及杂光分析

设计了一套300～1100nm多波段光学系统,该系统能对目标的近紫外、可见光和近红外3个波段同时成像,可满足目标多波段信息探测的要求。由于在光学系统中镜筒内壁反射和棱镜表面反射会产生杂光和鬼像,因此,利用Light—Tools软件对此系统的杂光和鬼像进行了模拟分析。模拟结果表明,视场之外11．7—18．3°和-11．7～-18．3°的入射光线被胶合棱镜上下表面反射后,会聚焦到3个探测器靶面范围内,形成鬼像;6．2°-9．8°和一6．2°--9．8°的入射光线被镜筒反射后会在3个探测器上形成杂光。利用设计的多波段光学系统进行了相关实验,结果证明了模拟分析的正确性,表明此分析能用于指导多波段光学系统的设计和研制。提出了减少杂光和鬼像的相应措施,实验结果验证了提出的措施能够减少杂光及消除鬼像,提高系统成像质量。     

A facile method for the synthesis of large‐size Ag nanoparticles as efficient SERS substrates

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) enjoy a reputation as an ultrasensitive substrate for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). However, large‐scale synthesis of Ag NPs in a controlled manner is a challenging task for a long period of time. Here, we reported a simple seed‐mediated method to synthesize Ag NPs with controllable sizes from 50 to 300 nm, which were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV–Vis spectroscopy. SERS spectra of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) from the as‐prepared Ag NPs substrates indicate that the enhancement capability of Ag NPs varies with different excitation wavelengths. The Ag NPs with average sizes of ~150, ~175, and ~225 nm show the highest SERS activities for 532, 633, and 785‐nm excitation, respectively. Significantly, 150‐nm Ag NPs exhibit an enhancement factor exceeding 10⁸ for pyridine (Py) molecules in electrochemical SERS (EC‐SERS) measurements. Furthermore, finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) calculation is employed to explain the size‐dependent SERS activity. Finally, the potential of the as‐prepared SERS substrates is demonstrated with the detection of malachite green. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

考虑最佳入口温度的多股流换热器网络循环优化

针对于多股流换热器网络的应用优势,本文在衍生网络优化方法基础上,提出了考虑最佳入口温度的多股流换热器循环优化方法,即利用多股流换热器网络小面积换热器合并而不产生固定投资费用这一特点,将优化结果中存在公用工程的流体返回到另一种流体的入口并与其入口流体进行循环优化。结果表明,这种优化方法能够进一步发挥多股流换热器网络的优点,得到年综合费用更小、运行费用更低的网络结构。     

不同变掺杂结构GaAs光电阴极的光谱特性分析

为定量研究变掺杂结构对阴极量子效率的作用效果,设计生长了两种不同掺杂方式的反射式梯度掺杂GaAs光电阴极,激活后测量了两者的光谱响应曲线。将光谱响应曲线转换为对应的量子效率曲线,对不同入射光波段的量子效率进行了拟合分析,得到了体现变掺杂结构贡献程度的变掺杂系数K值。研究发现,同一阴极材料对不同波段的入射光,其掺杂结构产生的作用效果各不相同。同时,不同掺杂结构光电阴极对于相同波段范围内的入射光,其作用效果也不相同。产生这些差别的根本原因,是由于不同掺杂结构下,材料中内建电场的位置和强度不同而造成的。该研究为评判不同掺杂方式下光电阴极的结构性能提供了有效的分析手段,对研究阴极变掺杂结构的优化设计具有非常重要的应用价值。     

Analysis of Nanostructural Waveguides Using Fourth-Order Accurate Finite Difference Methods with Nonuniform Scheme

We successfully apply fourth-order accurate finite difference methods with nonuniform scheme to analysis the symmetric slot waveguides. The results of numerical simulations show that the present nonuniform formula offers the results more accurate than the previously presented second order schemes.     

Mass Fraction of 13C-Pocket in Metal-Poor AGB Stars and the Primary Nature of Neutron Source

Chemical abundances of very metal-poor s-rich stars contain excellent information to set new constraints on models of neutron-capture processes at low metallicity. Using the parametric approach based on the radiative s-process nucleosynthesis model, we obtain the mass fraction q of 13 C-pocket, the overlap factor r, the neutron exposure per interpulse △τ, and the component coefficients of the s-process and the r-process for 25 s-rich stars, respectively. We find that q deduced for the lead stars is comparable to the overlap factor r, which is larger than the standard case （hereafter ST case） of the AGB model （q - 0.05） about 10 times, and AT are about 10 times smaller than the ST case （AT = 7.0 mbarn^-1）. Although the two parameters obtained for the lead stars are very different from the ST case of the AGB stellar model, it is worth noting that the total amounts of 13 C in metal-poor condition are close to the ST case. The above relation is a significant evidence for the primary nature of the neutron source and the lead stars could be polluted by low-mass AGB stars. Because interpulse period declines with increasing stellar mass, for high-mass AGB star, the neutron irradiation may be terminated due to their shorter interpulse period. Thus the neutron exposure per interpulse of the larger AGB stars should be about 10 times smaller than the ST case. In this ease, the primary nature of the neutron source also exists.     

高强高效近红外光源的不同光源强度对玉米杂交种鉴别的影响

以2009年产自海南的农华101玉米种子作为研究对象,基于近红外漫透射光谱法(波长范围908.1~1 677.2 nm),研究了一种高强高效近红外光源在不同光源电压以及光源至光谱仪不同距离两种条件下对玉米杂交种鉴别的影响。对光谱进行一阶导数、矢量归一化的预处理后,使用主成分分析(PCA)和正交线性判别分析(OLDA)提取光谱特征,使用支持向量机(SVM)分别建立种子纯度鉴定模型,统计不同实验条件下的识别率。结果表明,在电压较低或者光源至光谱仪的距离较大的时候,光源强度较低,得到的光谱曲线有较多的毛刺,此时的识别率较低,增大电压或者降低光源至光谱仪的距离时,光谱曲线变得较为平滑,识别率明显升高,说明在一定范围内增大光源强度会提高模型的正确鉴定率。     

小波图像融合在太赫兹无损检测中的应用

玻璃纤维增强复合材料被广泛应用于航天、航空及其他军民各领域,它在制备和使用过程中通常会出现多个缺陷。太赫兹时域光谱成像技术有望成为玻璃纤维增强复合材料无损检测的有力补充手段。在太赫兹时域光谱成像过程中,可以选取时域或频域波形中的不同参数来进行成像。对于不同的缺陷,能够有效地对其进行检测的参数是不一样的。采用基于小波分解的图像融合方法将多幅不同参数获取的太赫兹反射图像结合起来,得到一幅包含所有缺陷信息的新图像。研究表明,基于小波分解的图像融合方法在太赫兹无损检测中的应用,能够获取单一参数成像无法检测的缺陷信息,为复合材料太赫兹图像后期处理提供了新的技术方法。     

RF and field measurements of the SSC-LINAC RFQ

The 53.667 MHz continuous-wave heavy ion RFQ has been designed and manufactured for the SSC-LINAC project.This four-rod RFQ accelerates ions with maximum mass to charge ratio of 7 from 3.728 keV/u to 143 keV/u.Measurements have been carried out to check the RF performance of the cavity and the quality of the electric field.The S11 of the power coupler is adjusted to better than-44 dB,and the Q0 of the cavity is 6440.The quality of the electric field is evaluated by the perturbation method.The measurement procedure and data analysis will be discussed in detail.The error due to gravity of the perturbation bead has been corrected by averaging the fields in different quadrants.As a result,the unflatness of the electric field is±2.5%,and the dipole field component distributes from 0%to 20%in different longitudinal positions,which indicates the asymmetry of the quadrupole field.The unflatness of the quadrupole field distribution represents a good agreement with the simulation results.High power RF test and beam commissioning of the RFQ are on schedule in early 2014.     

基于唾液的拉曼光谱检测进行肝癌诊断的研究

表面增强拉曼光谱技术是近年来快速发展的一种痕量特征标记性物质检测技术, 达到了分子识别水平, 具有很高的灵敏度, 能够精确地分析和了解物质结构和成分。人体唾液中含有大量体征相关的特异性蛋白质和分泌物质。唾液检测具有无创、获取方便、适合开展大规模普查等优点。表面增强拉曼光谱检测技术可以快速地对唾液进行检测, 二者的结合, 有可能成为一种癌症诊断的新方法。本文利用表面增强光谱技术对肝癌患者进行实验研究, 通过对肝癌患者唾液的采集、样品的处理、光谱的采集及光谱分析, 肝癌特异性标记物AFP(alpha fetoprotein)的检测及分析等过程得到肝癌相关特征信息, 表明肝癌患者与正常人的唾液样本分类良好, 灵敏度及特异性较好; 进一步验证了AFP抗原的分子组成, 且AFP抗原的拉曼强度基本随浓度的递增呈递减趋势; 对肝癌患者的唾液样本及AFP抗原的拉曼光谱进行比对分析, 提示利用表面增强拉曼光谱检测唾液有可能诊断早期癌症。