Simple and highly accurate technique for time delay measurement in optical fibers by free-running laser configuration

A novel and simple technique for the measurement of time delay in the optical fiber by a free-running laser is proposed and demonstrated. The fiber to be measured was spliced to an erbium-doped fiber so as to form a ring-cavity laser. The mode beating frequency of the laser was measured to determine the round-trip time delay. This precise and efficient technique has an accuracy of 10(-8) for a fiber length of 100 km and of 10(-6) for a several-meters-long one.     

基于超精密机床的光学自由曲面原位测量方法

原位测量是提高光学自由曲面面形精度的重要手段,对于提高加工效率、实现加工过程自动化具有重要意义。由于面形的复杂性,光学自由曲面原位测量一直是超精密测量领域的难题。提出了一种基于超精密机床的光学自由曲面原位测量方法,测量系统由LVDT气浮式传感器、红宝石探针和数据采集部件组成,采用螺旋线方式进行加工及测量路径的设计,通过运动控制接口实现机床坐标和测量数据的实时同步采集,快速精确地获取测量数据。实验结果表明,所加工的双正弦自由曲面的面形误差在±0.5μm范围内。     

图像分析法测试光学传递函数中的噪声抑制

采用数字傅里叶分析方法进行MTF测试,图像传感器引入的噪声会改变图像的频谱信息,造成LSF及MTF的测试误差。研究了噪声均值和方差对标准透镜频谱曲线的影响,提出了基于高斯拟合的LSF曲线噪声抑制方法,根据引入噪声标准透镜频谱曲线修正其对测试精度的影响。数学仿真结果表明,采用噪声抑制方法,MTF的计算误差小于3%。     

Simple optical method for small angular displacement measurement based on the astigmatic effect

We propose a novel small-angle measuring optical method based on the astigmatic effect of two orthogonally placed cylindrical lenses. According to the one-to-one correspondence between the laser spot shape and the angle,the angle is determined. We theoretically analyze the measuring range and demonstrate that a longer distance between the rotating axis and the optical axis leads to a smaller measuring range, but better sensitivity. Also, an associated experimental system is established and a measuring range of 0.94 mrad(cubic fit r = 0.9993) as well as a good linear range of 0.37 mrad(linear fit r=0.9994) with a resolution of 8 μrad is achieved.     

A spurious frequencies suppression method for optical frequency comb based microwave photonic filter

The traditional optical frequency comb (OFC) based microwave photonic filters (MPFs) are rigidly restricted to be operated in a single “Nyquist zone”, as varieties of spurious frequencies signals coexist in the output. Here, a method for spurious frequencies suppression in the OFC‐based MPF is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The method is achieved by applying group velocity dispersion on the carrier combs to separate the filter transfer functions of the spurious frequencies from that of the input radio frequency signal. It is fairly simple and effective, and has no effect on the filter characteristic. With this method, the filter pass band can be freely tuned without the limitation of the “Nyquist zone”. It can be considered as a step forward for the practical application of the OFC‐based MPF.     

基于光学测量手段实时动态测量船体水平姿态

针对测量船传统实时水平测量方法精度较低（≥10.0″）的问题,引入了基于光学测量手段的动态实时船体水平姿态测量方法。采用＂光学编码精密测角＋惯性同步复示平台＋水平误差检测工具＂的设计模式,保证了跟踪的稳定性,提高了测量精度。实验结果表明：提出的方法可以提供比传统惯导系统更稳定、精度更高（纵摇5.37″,横摇3.60″）的船体水平姿态数据;可以作为一种普遍适用的运动载体精密水平测量监测手段,为运动载体实时提供高精度的水平基准信息,或用于运动载体惯导水平精度鉴定等。     

Simple and highly sensitive optical pulse-characterization method based on electro-optic spectral signal differentiation

A very simple self-referenced, linear pulse-characterization technique based on spectral phase reconstruction by frequency-domain signal differentiation is introduced. This technique can be implemented using electro-optic intensity modulation of the pulse under test with a synchronized RF sinusoid. The pulse spectral phase profile can be accurately and unambiguously reconstructed from only two measured energy spectra, i.e., at the input and at the output of the modulator, using a direct analytic equation. The method is experimentally demonstrated by precisely characterizing microwatt-power picosecond pulses after linear dispersion through short sections (50-700 m) of conventional single-mode fiber.     

一种非接触测量光学零件厚度的方法

为了实现光学零件厚度的非接触测量,设计了一种基于电光扫描的非接触测量方法。采用电扫描技术控制光开关,形成半径依次减小的环状光束,经过锥透镜后在光轴上形成连续移动的光点,当光点瞄准待测光学零件表面时,反射能量出现峰值,即定位了待测零件的表面,进而获得光学零件的几何厚度。建立了测量平板零件厚度和透镜中心厚度的数学模型;从理论上探讨了该方法的测量范围和测量精度。结果表明:设定锥面镜口径为100mm,材料折射率为1.52,当锥面镜的锥角从1°变化到40°时,测量动态范围可以从5507mm变化到26mm;当测量范围为26mm时,测量精度可以达到2.5μm。该方法可基本满足目前光学零件中心厚度的测量需求。     

基于偏振衍射色散共焦的光学元件轴向间距测量

光学元件轴向间距测量对精密光学系统的定位和装调具有重要意义.针对现有色散共焦测量系统中色散物镜结构复杂、色散范围小的问题,提出基于偏振衍射色散共焦的光学元件轴向间距测量方法,将传统折射共焦镜头几百毫米的轴向尺寸和复杂的装调需求简化为数毫米的单片镜,简化了系统结构.透镜间距和厚度测量实验表明,间距测量误差为10μm.     

Stray light suppression in BRDF measurement infrared optical system

A set of system based on personal computer for the bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) measurement was developed, whose laser wavelengths cover 0.6328, 1.34, 3.39, and 10.6 μm from visible to infrared. Stray light in BRDF measurement system was analyzed. It can be reduced and suppressed by the design of the system light path in BRDF measurement system, the choice of the measuring scheme, the processing to the optoelectronic signal, and the radiation control of the optical components and mechanical equipments. So the minimum measurable value of BRDF is less than 10-5/sr.     

Fast and highly accurate boundary element method for scattering calculation of defective gratings

A numerical scattering calculation method for defective gratings is proposed. This method is based on an integral equation method that computes a difference-field distribution, which is the difference between the scattering fields with and without the defect, and it is possible to simulate the arbitrary (finite) size and shape of a defect in the grating without any limitation. A calculation example is also presented to demonstrate the fast convergence and high accuracy of this method.     

Highly accurate film thickness measurement based on automatic fringe analysis

This paper describes an automated multiple-beam interferometry for measuring a calibrated step height of (27.00 ± 3.00) nm nominally. The fringes captured from the multiple-beam Fizeau–Tolansky interferometer were thinned by using a written program to obtain accurate measurement. We claim that multiple-beam interferometry based on automatic fringe thinning process can provide a real time solution for calibrating step heights precisely and with high accuracy. The uncertainty budget of the multiple-beam interferometry method due to incomplete parallelism of the incident beam and the inhomogeneity of the reflecting layers was calculated automatically with a written ray tracing program. The uncertainty budget in multiple-beam interferometry was estimated to be of the order of 3.00 nm.     

光学玻璃弹性模量的自动化测量方法

针对现有光学玻璃弹性模量测量周期长、测量过程复杂等问题,提出了一种利用计算机图像处理技术快速测量小样品光学平板玻璃弹性模量的方法。基于接触力学理论和牛顿环干涉原理推导出测量光学玻璃弹性模量的解析式,利用图像处理技术的优势,通过摄像头拍摄牛顿环干涉图像,设计MFC监控与单张图片拍摄界面程序,自动测量牛顿环干涉图像中心黑斑半径,最后根据光学玻璃弹性模量与牛顿环干涉图像中心黑斑半径及牛顿环中心应力之间的关联关系,实现小样品光学玻璃弹性模量的快速测量。实验结果表明:在应力31.17 N～55.11 N范围内,光学玻璃弹性模量的测量相对误差不超过±8.8%;在应力55.11 N～71.07 N范围内,测量相对误差不超过±16%。     

一种适于小角度测量的旋光角度测量方法研究

通过对输出信号的分析,提出了一种适于小角度测量的旋光角度测量方法,此方法通过检测经过旋光物质并经法拉第磁光调制的信号与不加旋光物质而仅经法拉第磁光调制的信号的波形宽度来实现对旋光物质旋光角度的测量.同时,利用搭建的测试系统,配置不同浓度的白砂糖溶液进行了验证性实验.实验结果表明,旋光角度与溶液浓度之间成很好的线性关系,...     

A novel method of fast dynamic optical image stabilization precision measurement based on CCD

Dynamic image stabilization precision is a key technical indicator in optical image-stable device, however, the fast dynamic test is difficult to implement. A novel fast dynamic image stabilization precision testing system for optical image-stable instrument is developed. The large-aperture collimator with the designed cross divisional board is used to simulate the infinity goal. A motion simulator with six-degree of freedom is adopted to simulate the moving state of the installed image-stable instrument. Combined with the optical lens designed in accordance with the analysis of the whole optical system in detail, the high speed camera installed behind the eyepiece lens of the measured device acquires images rapidly and real-timely. The local energy maxima center of the cross light spot can be obtained accurately through the proposed fast image stabilization precision test algorithm on the basis of Hessian matrix. The actual test results show that the test error of dynamic image stabilization in the proposed method of this paper is less than 0.7″, and the time of the frame image acquisition and processing is not more than 10 ms, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the test equipment and algorithm.     

On a simple impact test method for accurate measurement of material properties

A simple impact test method is presented to accurately measure the elastic and shear moduli and Poisson's ratio of a uniform Aluminum 6061-T651 cylindrical specimen with free boundary conditions. The elastic modulus is determined from the longitudinal vibration of the specimen and the shear modulus is determined from its torsional vibration. A new technique is developed to mount an accelerometer on the specimen to measure its torsional vibration. The Poisson's ratio determined for the specimen matches exactly with its known value.     

An accurate measurement of PMT TTS based on the photoelectron spectrum

The water Cherenkov detector array (WCDA) for the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) will employ more than 3600 hemisphere 8-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). Good time performance of the PMT, especially the transit time spread (TTS), is required for the WCDA. In order to meet the demand of the WCDA experiment, an accurate measurement of PMT TTS based on the photoelectron spectrum is studied. The method is appropriate for multi-photoelectrons and makes it possible to measure the TTS of different photoelectrons simultaneously. The TTS of different photoelectrons for a Hamamatsu R5912 PMT is tested with a specially designed divider circuit. The relationship between TTS and number of photoelectrons is also presented in this paper.     

飞秒脉冲测量过程的光路精确调节理论分析研究

针对单发次飞秒激光脉冲波形的测量,入射光夹角和晶体的偏转姿态是光路精确调节中的关键影响因素,为了精确描述入射光夹角和晶体的偏转与输出自相关信号的关系,我们对和频过程进行理论分析和推导。文中对入射光夹角的取值范围进行数学推导和计算,并定量分析了输出的自相关信号与晶体的姿态的关系。结果表明,要满足位相匹配条件,入射夹角存在一个最小值为30.114°;产生的自相关信号输出方向对晶体的转动姿态不敏感,输出强度对参与耦合的两入射光束的夹角敏感;对晶体的转动姿态容量较大,且晶体越薄越不敏感;自相关信号的时间分辨力由晶体内参与耦合的两入射光束的夹角决定,改变晶体外的夹角不会改变时间分辨力。     

A camera calibration method for large field optical measurement

A camera calibration method is presented for large field optical measurement, where the camera is close to the ground and the control points can only be located close to the ground, too. In such conditions, the camera's optical center and the control points are approximately coplanar. Only a single image of these control points captured by the camera in measurement state is used in the method. Neither to distribute the control points in space rationally nor to calibrate the camera's intrinsic parameters in laboratory in advance is needed. By the presented method, the camera's principal point position, focal length, radial and transverse tangency lens distortion coefficients, and the camera's position and attitude parameters can be estimated precisely. Then the calibration results can be used for precise large field optical measurement in the conditions that the camera's longitudinal tangency lens distortion can be neglected or the objects’ movement field is close to the ground, which is usually factual in practical applications. The presented camera calibration method has been successfully used in applications, such as automatic landing of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) based on optical measurement guidance, to calibrate the cameras precisely.