用晶格玻尔兹曼方法研究颗粒在涡流中的运动

用晶格玻尔兹曼方法研究小颗粒在涡流中的运动.涡流由流经空腔的流体产生.用动量交换法和压力张量积分法计算颗粒在涡流中的运动轨迹、速度和角速度.最后用张量积分法计算两个不同半径的颗粒在涡流中的运动. 关键词： 晶格玻尔兹曼方法 涡流 颗粒     

热对流条件下颗粒沉降的格子Boltzmann方法模拟

采用格子Boltzmann方法模拟了在热对流条件下的颗粒沉降问题, 在研究单颗粒在等温流体、热流体和冷流体中运动的基础上, 进一步模拟了两个不同温度的颗粒在流体中的沉降.结果表明:两等温颗粒的沉降方式与雷诺数Re以及格拉晓夫数Gr密切相关, 而两不同温度的颗粒与两等温颗粒的沉降规律有显著不同.无论初始位置如何, 冷颗粒最终总位于热颗粒下方运动, Re较大时, 发生连续的拖曳、接触现象, 而Re较小时, 冷颗粒会以较大的沉降速度远离热颗粒. 关键词： 格子Boltzmann方法 颗粒沉降 热对流     

Lattice Boltzmann method for three-dimensional moving particles in a Newtonian fluid

A lattice Boltzmann method is developed to simulate three-dimensional solid particle motions in fluids. In the present model, a uniform grid is used and the exact spatial location of the physical boundary of the suspended particles is determined using an interpolation scheme. The numerical accuracy and efficiency of the proposed lattice Boltzmann method is demonstrated by simulating the sedimentation of a single sphere in a square cylinder. Highly accurate simulation results can be achieved with few meshes, compared with the previous lattice Boltzmann methods. The present method is expected to find applications on the flow systems with moving boundaries, such as the blood flow in distensible vessels, the particle－flow interaction and the solidification of alloys.     

Lattice Boltzmann simulations of a dumbbell moving in a Poiseuille flow

In this paper, the lattice Boltzmann method is applied to simulate a dumbbell moving in a pressure-driven flow in a planar channel with the stress-integration method for the evaluation of hydrodynamic force acting on the cylinders. The simulation results show that the dumbbell also has the important feature of the Segr\'e--Silberberg effect like a particle in a Poiseuille flow. The dumbbell trajectories, orientations, the cylinders vertical velocities and angular velocities all reach their equilibrium values separately independent of their initial positions. It is also found that the dumbbell equilibrium positions depend on the flow Reynolds number, blockage ratio and elastic coefficient. This study is expected to be helpful to understand the dynamics of polymer solutions, polymer synthesis and reaction, etc.     

Lattice Boltzmann simulation of transverse wave travelling in Maxwell viscoelastic fluid

A nine-velocity lattice Boltzmann method for Maxwell viscoelastic fluid is proposed. Travelling of transverse wavein Maxwell viscoelastic fluid is simulated. The instantaneous oscillating velocity, transverse shear speed and decay rateagree with theoretical results very well.     

椭圆柱体在牛顿流体中运动的格子Boltzmann方法模拟

用格子Boltzmann方法建立了椭圆柱体的二维动力学模型，利用所建立的模型，数值模拟了 牛顿流体中不同形状的椭圆柱体在相同初始条件下的运动和同一椭圆柱体在不同初始条件下 的运动，并通过比较相同条件下圆柱体的运动，讨论了椭圆柱体二维运动的特征，得到了一 些有意义的结果. 关键词： 格子Boltzmann方法 椭圆柱体 牛顿流体     

液滴撞击液膜过程的格子Boltzmann方法模拟

本文采用格子Boltzmann方法对液滴撞击液膜过程进行了研究, 主要考察了雷诺数(Re)、韦伯数(We)、相对液膜厚度 (h) 以及表面张力 (σ) 等物理参数对界面运动过程的影响. 首先, 随着Re数和We数的增加, 可以明显观察到液滴撞击液膜过程中形成的皇冠状水花以及卷吸现象; 当Re数较大时, 液体会发生飞溅, 由液体飞溅形成的小液滴则会继续下落, 并与液膜再次发生碰撞. 其次, 当相对液膜厚度较小时, 液滴撞击液膜并最终导致液膜断裂; 然而随着相对液膜厚度的增大, 尽管撞击过程溅起的液体会越来越多, 但是液膜并不会发生断裂. 再次, 随着表面张力的增大, 界面变形阻力增大, 撞击过程中产生的界面形变也逐渐减弱. 最后还发现皇冠(由液滴溅起形成)半径r 随时间满足r/(2R) ≈ α√Ut/(2R), 这一结果与已有结论是一致的.     

Lattice Boltzmann simulation of solid particles suspended in fluid

The lattice Boltzmann method, an alternative approach to solving a fluid flow system, is used to analyze the dynamics of particles suspended in fluid. The interaction rule between the fluid and the suspended particles is developed for real suspensions where the particle boundaries are treated as no-slip impermeable surfaces. This method correctly and accurately determines the dynamics of single particles and multi-particles suspended in the fluid. With this method, computational time scales linearly with the number of suspensions,N, a significant advantage over other computational techniques which solve the continuum mechanics equations, where the computational time scales asN ³. Also, this method solves the full momentum equations, including the inertia terms, and therefore is not limited to low particle Reynolds number.     

室内可吸入颗粒物运动特性的格子 Boltzmann方法模拟

为探究室内可吸入颗粒物的运动特性,使用格子Boltzmann方法,在颗粒物运动概率模型的基础上考虑布朗力对颗粒物的作用,利用改良的LB-CA（Lattice Boltzmann-cellular automata）模型,模拟了Re数分别为400、1 000和2 000时粒径为0.01 μm、0.1 μm和1 μm的颗粒物在上送上回和上送侧回两种回风形式中的运动特性.结果显示：颗粒物的空间分布范围随着Re数的增大而增大,小粒径的颗粒物受到气流湍动和扩散作用的影响更明显;颗粒物的均方位移（mean square displacement,MSD）与Re数、颗粒物粒径的大小成反比,而同样的Re数下,颗粒物在上送侧回的回风形式中其MSD较大.总体上看上送侧回的回风形式具有较低的悬浮颗粒数和更高的室内空气品质.     

复杂微通道内非混相驱替过程的格子Boltzmann方法

本文采用改进的基于伪势模型的格子Boltzmann方法研究复杂微通道内的非混相驱替问题.这种方法克服了原始伪势模型中计算结果对网格步长的依赖.首先用Laplace定律验证模型的正确性,然后用该方法研究壁面润湿性、粗糙结构、黏性比以及距离对非混相驱替过程的影响.模拟结果表明:与壁面粗糙结构和黏性比相比,壁面润湿性的影响是决定性的因素.随着接触角的增加,驱替效率增加,当接触角大于某一值后,驱替效率不再变化;随着黏性比的增加,驱替效率增加;而壁面粗糙性对驱替过程的影响较复杂,只有凸起半圆的半径在一定范围内增加时,驱替效率增加;距离较小时将促进驱替过程.     

多孔介质内溶解与沉淀过程的格子Boltzmann方法模拟

本文采用格子Boltzmann方法模拟了多孔介质内的溶解和沉淀现象, 并分析了雷诺数、施密特数、达姆科勒数对多孔介质孔隙结构及浓度分布的影响. 结果表明: 对于多孔介质内的溶解(沉淀)过程, 当雷诺数越大时, 孔隙率越大(小), 平均浓度值越小(大); 当达姆科勒数或施密特数较小时, 溶解和沉淀过程均受反应控制, 此时反应在多孔介质的固体表面较为均匀的发生; 当达姆科勒数或施密特数较大时, 溶解和沉淀过程均受扩散控制, 此时反应主要发生在上游及大孔隙区域.     

Lattice Boltzmann simulation of the two-dimensional flow of a magnetic suspension between two parallel walls under a non-uniform magnetic field

We have developed a lattice Boltzmann method based on fluctuation hydrodynamics that is applicable to the flow problem of a particle suspension. In this method, we have introduced the viscosity-modifying method, rather than the velocity-scaling method, in which a modified viscosity is used for generating random forces in lattice Boltzmann simulations. The viscosity-modifying method is found to be applicable to the simulation of a magnetic particle suspension. We have applied this method to the two-dimensional Poiseuille flow of a magnetic suspension between two parallel walls in order to investigate the behavior of magnetic particles in a non-uniform applied magnetic field. From the results of the snapshots, the pair correlation function between the magnetic pole and the magnetic particles and the averaged local particle velocity and magnetization distributions, it was observed that the behavior of the magnetic particles changes significantly depending upon which factor dominates the phenomenon in the balance between the magnetic particle–particle interaction, the non-uniform applied magnetic field and the translational and rotational Brownian motion.     

用晶格玻尔兹曼方法研究微结构表面的疏水性能

将固体表面分别近似为具有简单的周期性矩形、三角形和半圆形微粗糙结构表面,建立了两相流的晶格玻尔兹曼模型.通过测量不同微粗糙结构表面上液滴的接触角,探讨微结构形状和尺寸的改变对固体材料表面疏水性能的影响.最后,由流体在各种糙壁管中的速度滑移,验证了结论的正确性.     

Lattice Boltzmann simulation for the energy and entropy of excitable systems

The internal energy and the spatiotemporal entropy of excitable systems are investigated with the lattice Boltzmann method.The numerical results show that the breakup of spiral wave is attributed to the inadequate supply of energy,i.e.,the internal energy of system is smaller than the energy of self-sustained spiral wave.It is observed that the average internal energy of a regular wave state reduces with its spatiotemporal entropy decreasing.Interestingly,although the energy difference between two regular wave states is very small,the different states can be distinguished obviously due to the large difference between their spatiotemporal entropies.In addition,when the unstable spiral wave converts into the spatiotemporal chaos,the internal energy of system decreases,while the spatiotemporal entropy increases,which behaves as the thermodynamic entropy in an isolated system.     

润湿性梯度驱动液滴运动的格子Boltzmann模拟

运用考虑了固体与液体间分子作用力的格子Boltzmann方法,数值研究了由于固液界面上表面张力梯度引起的Marangoni效应驱动的液滴运动.当表面张力梯度较小时,计算结果和前人的理论预测符合较好.而表面张力梯度较大时,由于液滴不变形和准平衡态等假设不再满足,理论预测的液滴运动速度高于数值模拟的结果.计算结果显示,在向亲水端运动过程中液滴内部出现旋涡结构,当润湿性梯度较大时,其前进速度和接触角随时间变化出现振荡. 关键词： 润湿性 格子Boltzmann方法 Marangoni效应 液滴     

润湿性梯度驱动液滴运动的格子Boltzmann模拟

运用考虑了固体与液体间分子作用力的格子Boltzmann方法,数值研究了由于固液界面上表面张力梯度引起的Marangoni效应驱动的液滴运动.当表面张力梯度较小时,计算结果和前人的理论预测符合较好.而表面张力梯度较大时,由于液滴不变形和准平衡态等假设不再满足,理论预测的液滴运动速度高于数值模拟的结果.计算结果显示,在向亲水端运动过程中液滴内部出现旋涡结构,当润湿性梯度较大时,其前进速度和接触角随时间变化出现振荡.     

Extended Lattice Boltzmann Model

Conventional lattice Boltzmann models for the simulation of fluid dynamics are restricted by an error in the stress tensor that is negligible only for small flow velocity and at a singular value of the temperature. To that end, we propose a unified formulation that restores Galilean invariance and the isotropy of the stress tensor by introducing an extended equilibrium. This modification extends lattice Boltzmann models to simulations with higher values of the flow velocity and can be used at temperatures that are higher than the lattice reference temperature, which enhances computational efficiency by decreasing the number of required time steps. Furthermore, the extended model also remains valid for stretched lattices, which are useful when flow gradients are predominant in one direction. The model is validated by simulations of two- and three-dimensional benchmark problems, including the double shear layer flow, the decay of homogeneous isotropic turbulence, the laminar boundary layer over a flat plate and the turbulent channel flow.     

Lattice Boltzmann simulation of fluid flows in two-dimensional channel with complex geometries

Boundary conditions (BCs) play an essential role in lattice Boltzmann (LB) simulations. This paper investigates several most commonly applied BCs by evaluating the relative L₂-norm errors of the LB simulations for two-dimensional (2-D) Poiseuille flow. It is found that the relative L₂-norm error resulting from FHML's BC is smaller than that from other BCs as a whole. Then, based on the FHML's BC, it formulates an LB model for simulating fluid flows in 2-D channel with complex geometries. Afterwards, the flows between two inclined plates, in a pulmonary blood vessel and in a blood vessel with local expansion region, are simulated. The numerical results are in good agreement with the analytical predictions and clearly show that the model is effective. It is expected that the model can be extended to simulate some real biologic flows, such as blood flows in arteries, vessels with stenosises, aneurysms and bifurcations, etc.     

基于格子Boltzmann方法的自驱动Janus颗粒扩散泳力

Janus颗粒的自驱动力研究对于纳微米尺度驱动力课题具有重要意义,本文针对Pt-SiO_2型Janus颗粒,基于格子Boltzmann模型及动量交换法提出了计算其扩散泳力的方法,通过与实验数据对比修正验证了模型准确性,并通过分析证明了此类Janus颗粒的扩散泳力与速度场无关,进一步模拟比较了不同形状颗粒的自驱运动.分析发现,对于体积相等形状不同的Janus颗粒,扩散泳力主要由轴线投影面积决定,此外反应面积也会对扩散泳力产生影响.     

Test of the Possible Application of the Half—Way Bounce—Back Boundary Condition for Lattice Boltzmann Methods in Complex Geometry

The way of handling boundary conditions with simple bounce-back rule in the lattice gas and lattice Boltzmann method had been considered as one of the advantage compared with other numerical schemes,The half-way bounce-back rule inherits the advantage of the bounce-back rule and improves the accuracy to the second-order on flat boundaries,In this paper,we test the possible application of the half-way bounce-back rule to the system with complex geometry,Our simulation results show that the half-way bounce-back rule is a good boundary condition in the problems without emphasis on accuracy.