有源声呐中的改进加权自适应高分辨距离估计方法

为提高有源声呐对目标回波亮点的距离分辨能力,提出了一种改进加权自适应高分辨距离估计方法,所提方法功率谱中的权值矩阵可采用3种形式:第1个元素为残差平方和其余为0的对角阵、单位阵、残差平方和构成对角阵,采用不同参考子带高阶线性预测的调和平均构造功率谱表达式,避免了距离维自适应方法功率谱中的低阶线性预测。通过数值仿真和水池试验对所提方法与距离维自适应方法进行了比较研究,结果表明所提方法在接近的计算量下获得较优的距离分辨能力。     

水平变化浅海声波导中模态特征频率与声源距离被动估计

针对水平变化浅海声波导中声源宽容性被动测距问题,理论分析了海底地形水平缓变浅海波导中卷绕变换基础上的低频声场特征频率.推导了绝对硬海底时水平变化波导中声场模态时频到达结构以及模态瞬时相位的表达式,由该表达式给出了特征频率与收发距离的变化关系,进而提出了水平变化浅海波导中声源距离被动估计的修正方法,通过仿真和实验对理论与方法进行了验证.     

机载可见光侦察系统最大探测距离地面等效实验方法研究

分析了地面定点验证法和飞行实验法测量机载可见光侦察系统最大探测距离的缺点和局限性,在地面定点验证方法的基础上,设计了机载可见光探测距离地面等效替代实验方法,避免了飞行实验带来的实验费用高、风险大的缺点,并通过飞行实验对探测距离实验结果进行比较和验证。结果表明该等效替代实验方法合理可行,实验效费比高、可操作性强,实验结果具有较高的准确度,对可见光侦察设备性能评估有一定的借鉴意义。     

脉冲激光探测的最大探测距离的研究

脉冲激光探测的最大探测距离与发射信号功率有关,根据系统发射端瞬时功率的形式,通过计算得出了脉冲激光平均发射功率和最大瞬时功率分别与驱动电流的脉冲上升沿时间、脉冲宽度、脉冲重复周期的关系.结合传输衰减、弱信号检测和信号预处理过程中的信号功率变化,得出了最大探测距离与激励电流波形参数、光电探测器参数、信号预处理电路噪声、信...     

深海大深度声传播特性及直达声区水下声源距离估计

深海大深度声传播特性对在深海近海底进行水声目标探测和定位具有重要意义。利用一次南海中南部深海不完全声道中的脉冲声传播实验数据,分析了海底附近大深度声传播损失及脉冲多途传播特性,并根据直达波和海底-海面反射波的时延差与收发距离的关系,提出一种利用深海直达声区脉冲多途到达时间进行水下声源距离估计的方法。结果表明:当接收器深度位于南海深海海底附近而声源深度较浅时,直达声区水平宽度可达30 km,传播损失相对影区来说较小,有利于水下声源探测;直达声区的直达波与海底-海面反射波的到达时延差随着收发距离的增大单调减小,可被用于水下声源距离估计。得到水下声源的距离估计结果与实验GPS测量结果较为一致,距离估计均方误差为0.28 km。     

复合深度神经网络在直升机声目标识别中的研究

针对直升机探测中目标运动过程连续识别的鲁棒性问题,提出了一种基于复合深度神经网络的直升机声学特征提取和识别框架。复合深度神经网络由卷积神经网络和长短时记忆神经网络以并行结构组合,进行直升机声学特征的优化,完成直升机类型识别。针对直升机声信号特性,对卷积神经网络进行了改进,使得该复合深度神经网络在信号短时谱基础上优化声信号特征表征并提取前后帧之间的相关信息,弥补通常声目标识别方法不能充分利用目标信号时间历程信息的缺陷。真实外场实验数据测试结果显示:相较于传统识别方法,该算法显著提升了直升机进入有效探测范围后连续识别的鲁棒性和目标识别正确率。     

紫外告警系统探测距离的估算

介绍了紫外告警原理及紫外告警系统的结构组成。基于典型目标(导弹)的紫外辐射特征和紫外辐射的大气传输特性,结合紫外告警系统探测器件的性能参数,根据像平面照度公式,提出了紫外告警系统探测距离的估算方法及模型,实例计算并验证了紫外告警系统在不同观察方位角对固体推进剂导弹的探测距离。分析研究表明,改变CCD最小照度值,像管的增益,光学系统的透过率和相对孔径等探测传感器的性能参数,可以提高紫外告警系统的探测距离。     

某型微光观察仪探测距离研究

叙述国产某新型微光观察仪探测距离的测试内容和方法，并得出具有一定参考价值的结论。     

不同气象条件下机载电视侦察系统探测距离等效推算方法

探测距离作为电视侦察系统的重要指标,受气象条件影响严重,为了降低机载电视侦察性能实验对天气的依赖性,从侦察系统发现目标的必要条件出发,研究了目标大小、照度、环境因素以及气象条件等因素对探测距离的影响,得出了不同气象条件下电视侦察系统探测距离的推算公式。利用MATLAB 7.5软件编程,反复调用大气传输软件LOWTRAN 7程序,以某气象条件下获得的实验数据为基础,推算得到其他气象条件下电视侦察系统的探测距离,并通过飞行实验对推算结果进行验证,最后通过仿真从大气能见度、温度、湿度等方面对探测距离的影响进行了分析研究。实验和仿真结果表明,该推算方法合理可行,推算结果准确可靠,可有效降低电视侦察实验对天气的依赖性,对电视侦察系统性能评估有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于激光偏振特性的水下声信号探测方法研究

水下航行体辐射的声波传播到水-空气分界面上时,会在水表面形成微扰,使水表面元产生微倾角.提出一种利用激光偏振特性对水下声信号进行探测的方法,不直接利用散射光强信息,而是利用激光在布儒斯特角附近入射水表面时,反射光偏振特性随入射角剧烈变化的特点对水表面微扰进行高精度探测.建立了该方法的理论模型,得到了入射波、出射波垂直分...     

炉内管道泄漏声检测与定位系统的研究现状

电站锅炉管道泄漏的声检测与定位系统,已经越来越广泛地应用于电站锅炉。该系统主要利用声学技术检测炉内管道的泄漏状态,并利用多传声器定位机理对泄漏点进行定位,有效地减少了由管道泄漏引起的非计划停炉,这对电站锅炉来说意义尤为重要。本文分析了炉内管道泄漏声检测与定位系统的关键技术,介绍了该系统的发展概况及应用现状,并提出了改进方向。     

水下目标前向声散射探测的干涉声场畸变量分析与应用

前向声散射探测中的信直比SDR;能衡量目标前向散射波与直达波的相对大小,但未考虑两种波的干涉叠加。前向散射波与直达波实际上是干涉在一起的且很难分离,因而信直比在目标探测分析中难以直接应用。以信直比为基础并计入前向散射波与直达波的干涉效果,引入了新的参量——干涉声场畸变量ΔFTL——并给出了理论计算公式。与SDR;相比,ΔFTL可以直接从声场数据中得到,在一定程度上具有不依赖先验信息的优势。以该公式为基础并结合千岛湖缩比目标探测试验数据,(1)通过估算几何扩展损失系数发现试验中的声波为球面波,结果与依据实测水文参数的射线声场模型仿真结果相符;(2)定量地证实了ΔFTL与目标穿越位置的对应关系,同时也证明了ΔFTL理论计算公式的有效性;(3)建立了一种新的直达波抑制效果评估方案,并完成了对自适应直达波抑制方法的效能评估。目标透声和航行姿态扰动对试验结果的影响可以忽略。分析结果表明:ΔFTL能够有效代替SDR,为开展前向声散射探测性能分析或直达波抑制效果评估提供理论参考。     

浅层地下物体的高分辨声波探测

本文对地下物体的声波探测进行了初步研究，分析了探测分辨率与声波频率的关系，得出了黄土介质中声波探测的分辨极限，通过对实际目标的探测表明，该方法具有一定的实用性。     

Shaft angular misalignment detection using acoustic emission

Shaft angular misalignment (SAM) is a common and crucial problem in rotating machinery. Misalignment can produce several shortcomings such as premature bearing failure, increase in energy consumption, excessive seal lubricant leakage and coupling failure. Vibration analysis has been traditionally used to detect SAM; however, it presents some drawbacks i.e. high influence of machine operational conditions and strong impact of the coupling type and stiffness on vibration spectra. This paper presents an extensive experimental investigation in order to evaluate the possibility of detecting SAM, using acoustic emission (AE) technique. The test rig was operated at under different operational conditions of load and speed in order to evaluate the impact on the AE and vibration signature under normal operating conditions. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first attempt to use AE for the detection of SAM under varying operational conditions. A comparative study of vibration and AE was carried out to demonstrate the potentially better performance of AE. The experimental results show that AE technique can be used as a reliable technique for SAM detection, providing enhancements over vibration analysis.     

Dynamic ultrasonic contact detection using acoustic emissions

For a non-contact ultrasonic material removal process, the control of the standoff position can be crucial to process performance; particularly where the requirement is for a standoff of the order of <20 μm. The standoff distance relative to the surface to be machined can be set by first contacting the ultrasonic tool tip with the surface and then withdrawing the tool to the required position. Determination of this contact point in a dynamic system at ultrasonic frequencies (>20 kHz) is achieved by force measurement or by detection of acoustic emissions (AE). However, where detection of distance from a surface must be determined without contact taking place, an alternative method must be sought.     

An acoustic switch

The benefits derived from the development of acoustic transistors which act as switches or amplifiers have been reported in the literature. Here we propose a model of acoustic switch. We theoretically demonstrate that the device works: the input signal is totally restored at the output when the switch is on whereas the output signal nulls when the switch is off. The switch, on or off, depends on a secondary acoustic field capable to manipulate the main acoustic field. The model relies on the attenuation effect of many oscillating bubbles on the main travelling wave in the liquid, as well as on the capacity of the secondary acoustic wave to move the bubbles. This model evidences the concept of acoustic switch (transistor) with 100% efficiency.     

Development and comparison of spectral methods for passive acoustic anomaly detection in nuclear power plants

We have developed spectral signal processing methods for passive acoustic anomaly detection in nuclear power plants. Furthermore, we compared the developed and existing methods by applying them to stationary sounds recorded in a controlled environment. Our new methods show significant improvement, in particular concerning robustness against false alarms. The results also demonstrate that clear detection of a given sound at a given signal-to-noise ratio is highly dependent on the distribution of characteristic frequency content in the spectrum in relation to the background noise and the spectral uncertainty. Since the frequency monitoring principle used here is quite rigid, we stress the need for research on more flexible methods, also taking into account differences between experiments and real reactor systems.     

An analysis of the simulated acoustic emission sources with different propagation distances,types and depths for rail defect detection

Acoustic Emission (AE) technique is an effective nondestructive detecting method, and has a promising application for rail defect detection. So far, little attention has been paid to propagation distances, types, and depths of AE sources, which are important for rail defect detection accurately. This paper presents an experimental study on the simulated AE sources with different propagation distances, types and depths for rail defect detection. Three simulated AE sources with different frequencies are seeded on the cross section of rail, and the depths of AE sources are changed in the vertical direction. After receiving AE signals, wavelet transform and Rayleigh–Lamb equations are utilized to extract time–frequency features and modes. Based on the wavelet transform with corresponding group-velocity curves, the influences of different propagation distances, the features of different source types and the rules of different source depths are examined. It is concluded that the features of AE sources with different propagation distances, types and depths can be obtained by AE technique for rail defect detection. It is very useful to analyze and detect defects in rail defect detection.