Reconstruction method of computational ghost imaging based on non-local generalized total variation北大核心CSCD

鬼成像是一种能够透过大雾等恶劣环境的成像技术。针对传统鬼成像重建图像存在噪声较多、图像对比度较低等问题,将非局部广义全变分方法用于鬼成像的图像重建之中,提出基于非局部广义全变分的计算鬼成像重建方法。所提方法构造了一种非局部相关性权重设计梯度算子,将其代入全变分重建算法中,使得重建的图像能有效去除噪声的同时实现细节较好的还原。首先在不同条件下进行仿真模拟,得到所提方法的峰值信噪比相对其他方法提升1 dB左右,且具有更好的主观视觉效果,进而设计并搭建实验平台对算法的有效性进行验证,实验结果证明了所提方法在去除噪声和细节重建等方面的优越性。     

Detection of infrared small target based on fusion of multi-filters北大核心CSCD

Aiming at solving accuracy problem of infrared small target detection in sky and ocean background scenarios of infrared image sequences, a novel infrared small target detection based on multi-filters algorithm fusion method is presented in this paper. Firstly infrared small target and imaging, time and space characteristics of the corresponding background noise are analyzed. Tophat algorithm with improved Robinson guard filter are then integrated to highlight target and suppress clutter background by using infrared small target imaging features. Adaptive threshold segmentation is used to extract candidate targets, while Unger smoothing filter and multi-objects association filter are used to eliminate random noise and false targets in the candidate targets. Multiple experiments of infrared small target image sequences are implemented, and experimental results show that proposed method can detect infrared small targets at 99% detection rate with high reliability and good real-time performance. © 2017, Editorial Board, Journal of Applied Optics. All right reserved.     

Night vision dense crowd counting based on mid-term fusion of thermal imaging features北大核心CSCD

为了提高人群计数模型对尺度和光噪声的鲁棒性,设计了一种多模态图像融合网络。提出了一种针对夜间人群统计模型,并设计了一个子网络Rgb-T-net,网络融合了热成像特征和可见光图像的特征,增强了网络对热成像和夜间人群特征的判断能力。模型采用自适应高斯核对密度图进行回归,在Rgb-T-CC数据集上完成了夜视训练和测试。经验证网络平均绝对误差为18.16,均方误差为32.14,目标检测召回率为97.65%,计数性能和检测表现优于当前最先进的双峰融合方法。实验结果表明,所提出的多模态特征融合网络能够解决夜视环境下的计数与检测问题,消融实验进一步证明了融合模型各部分参数的有效性。     

Research on front-end electronics gain compensation of MCP imaging detector北大核心CSCD

基于微通道板电子倍增电荷分割型阳极的成像探测器常用于行星大气、气辉等微弱信号探测。针对探测器读出电路增益不相等导致探测器成像产生畸变的问题,利用理论分析结合MATLAB仿真揭示了不同畸变图像的形成机制,在该基础上提出了一种探测器读出电路增益补偿方法减小探测器成像畸变。通过MATLAB仿真和实验测试结果表明该文提出的方法能够有效减小由于读出电路增益不相等导致的探测器成像畸变。     

Natural color low-level-light EBAPS imaging system based on three-color LCTF北大核心CSCD

The high-sensitivity electron bombarded active pixel sensor (EBAPS) not only has the characteristics of high gain and high sensitivity of vacuum imaging devices, but also has the digital characteristics of solid-state imaging devices, which greatly improves the level of night vision imaging. A natural color low-level-light EBAPS imaging system was built based on three-color liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF). According to the characteristics of low-level-light images, the color enhancement processing such as grayscale stretching, white balance, and color correction was performed on the color images obtained by the system. The experimental results show that the system can realize the natural low-illumination color imaging that reflects the color characteristics of the scene itself, which can effectively improve the observation effect of the characteristics of the target scene at night, and can realize the color imaging under 5×10−4 lx illumination. © 2022 Editorial office of Journal of Applied Optics. All rights reserved.     

Speech recognition based on a combination of acousticfeatures with articulatory information

The contributions of the static and dynamic articulatory information to speech recognition were evaluated, and the recognition approaches by combining the articulatory information with acoustic features were discussed. Articulatory movements were observed by the Electromagnetic Articulographic System for reading speech, and the speech signals were recorded simultaneously. First, we conducted several speech recognition experiments by using articulatory features alone, consisting of a number of specific articulatory channels, to evaluate the contribution of each observation point on articulators. Then, the displacement information of articulatory data were combined with acoustic features directly and adopted in speech recognition. The results show that articulatory information provides with additional information for speech recognition which is not encoded in acoustic features. Furthermore, the contribution of the dynamic information of the articulatory data was evaluated by combining them in speech recognition. It is found that the second derivative of articulatory information provided quite larger contribution to speech recognition comparing with the second derivative of acoustical information. At last, the combination methods of articulatory features and acoustic ones were investigated for speech recognition. The basic approach is that the Bayesian Network (BN) is added to each state of HMM, where the articulatory information is represented by the BN as a factor of observed signals during training the model and is marginalized as a hidden variable in recognition stage. Results based on this HMM/BN framework show a better performance than the traditional method.     

Jamming effectiveness analysis of quad-element detector based on Monte Carlo method北大核心CSCD

Quad-element detector is a key sensor of the third generation infrared seeker. In order to implement effective jamming to the seeker, this paper firstly discusses the detection mechanism, and secondly proposes the interference strategy which disturbs the auto gain control (AGC) circuit working.The jamming process is then simulated and analyzed.Finally, the average effective jamming ratio is acquired by Monte Carlo method when frequency difference exists, or duty cycle varies, or phase changes on jamming laser.The simulation conclusions are as follows: at the same or multiple frequency with the seeker and 0.25 duty cycle, high power jamming laser can lead the AGC circuit working abnormal; moreover, adjusting the pulse laser phase can influence the jamming effect and destroy the signal extraction logic, finally, the deception is achieved.The analysis and results of this paper are of theoretical significance for the development of laser directional infrared countermeasure system. © 2018, Editorial Board, Journal of Applied Optics. All right reserved.     

Application of PWM dimming based on Grassmann optical model北大核心CSCD

针对发光二极管（light-emitting diode,LED）光源颜色和光通量精准调控难度高,在生产应用中,调控操作需在电脑等设备上进行的问题,基于格拉斯曼颜色混合定律,结合脉宽调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)调控LED的特性,建立表示PWM与LED照度关系的数学模型,以STM 32微控制器为核心设计了三基色LED调光调色系统。对系统分别进行单色、双色和3色的混光照度实验,数字照度计的测量值与光照数学模型的理论值对比结果表明,该系统在0~370 lx区间内系统的光源照度误差≤4%,合成光色共16 777 216种,且对光源颜色和光通量的调控操作可直接在系统上完成,无需接入其他设备,减少了操作流程,满足工业视觉检测、农作物补光照明和文化旅游对光源颜色和照度的需求。     

MPPC low-level-light imaging enhancement algorithm based on sub-window box filtering北大核心CSCD

针对多像素光子计数器(MPPC)进行微光成像时,图像受光照不足和噪声影响出现的图像亮度低、对比度差、边缘模糊等问题,提出一种基于子窗口盒式滤波的自适应微光图像处理算法。为了减少算法运行时间的同时突出图像的边缘细节信息,利用子窗口盒式滤波器对图像进行分层得到基础层和细节层;对基础层图像采用自适应阈值直方图均衡化拉伸对比度,细节层图像采用自适应增益控制方式进行增强;根据基础层图像中有效灰度值个数占总灰度的比值自适应确定融合系数,将基础层图像与细节层图像融合得到增强后图像。通过微光实验平台设置3组不同照度的微光环境进行实验仿真,验证了本文算法在保持边缘信息和增强细节方面获得了更好的效果。实验结果表明本文算法在标准差、信息熵、平均梯度等客观评价方面优于改进前算法,提升了微光图像的成像效果。     

Research on atmospheric refraction correction of airborne electro-optical system target location北大核心CSCD

目标定位精度是评判机载光电系统性能的一项重要指标。对于高空机载光电系统,目标定位精度除受传感器、测距仪、载荷平台稳定精度、飞行平台稳定精度和位置精度等综合因素影响外,还受大气折射的影响,对于高空机载光电系统远距离对地观测,大气折射对目标定位的影响尤为严重。该文从大气折射对目标定位的影响机理出发,给出大气模型,分析大气折射的影响因素,并基于介于圆球体和参考旋转椭球体之间的地球模型给出了大气折射误差模型;基于该文提出的近似参考旋转椭球体地球模型,仿真分析了大气折射对目标定位的影响结果。分析结果对于机载光电系统远距离目标定位大气折射修正具有重要指导意义。     

基于光谱成像的目标识别技术综述

从光谱成像识别机理出发,概述了光谱成像识别的最新应用,较为详细的讨论了多光谱信息获取以及多光谱识别算法两项关键技术。在多光谱信息获取方面,列举了国内外多种多光谱成像传感器的设计方案,并给出了优缺点评述。在识别算法方面,以目标与诱饵的光谱特性为前提,以光谱识别中是否融合时间、空间信息为分类依据,分别讨论了单一光谱维、时序光谱维,以及空间光谱维上的聚类识别特征选择问题,并给出了几种识别算法的原理。     

一种基于离散光谱透过率的红外探测距离模型研究

针对大气透过率是影响红外系统作用距离的重要因素,且随大气环境、波长、距离等因素而复杂变化难以精确描述,研究了大气透过率对红外系统作用距离的影响,提出一种基于离散光谱透过率的红外系统作用距离模型。使用MODTRAN 软件计算出波数间隔为1 cm-1的离散光谱大气透过率,建立大气透过率数据库,计算出波数间隔为1 cm-1的光谱区域内目标的红外辐射功率。应用该模型对实际的战斧巡航导弹进行计算,结果表明该模型具有更高的计算精确度与可行性。     

利用QuickBird数据进行热红外遥感成像模拟的研究

针对基于机载热像仪图像或随机产生仿真场景的早期热红外成像模拟系统,提出了对高分辨率QuickBird图像进行星载热红外成像模拟的方法。基于高分辨率QuickBird图像,采用ISODATA法进行非监督分类,得到土地分类专题图,通过地物光谱数据库获得场景地物温度及发射率,从而可获得地面辐亮度图像;利用大气辐射传输软件MODTRAN对其进行大气修正,结合卫星遥感器辐射定标系数,最终可得到卫星遥感器输出图像。仿真结果表明,利用QuickBird进行热红外遥感成像模拟是一种全新而有益的尝试,对伪装效果检验等具有一定的参考价值。     

一种基于选通偏振成像的红外伪装识别方法研究

为解决红外伪装对传统热成像系统的干扰问题,达到在战场上识别红外伪装目标的目的,提出一种基于选通偏振成像的红外伪装识别方法。红外偏振图像的获取通过扫描机构对4个固定放置的偏振片选通实现。实验结果表明,该方法可以4帧/s的频率实现对场景红外偏振度图像的获取。得到的红外偏振度图像与原始红外辐射强度图像相比,灰度均值提高了14%、灰度标准差提高了42%、平均梯度提高了98%。     

A real-time infrared imaging simulation method with physical effects modeling of infrared sensors

Infrared imaging simulation technology can provide infrared data sources for the development, improvement and evaluation of infrared imaging systems under different environment, status and weather conditions, which is reusable and more economic than physical experiments. A real-time infrared imaging simulation process is established to reproduce a complete physical imaging process. Our emphasis is put on the modeling of infrared sensors, involving physical effects of both spatial domain and frequency domain. An improved image convolution method is proposed based on GPU parallel processing to enhance the real-time simulation ability with ensuring its simulation accuracy at the same time. Finally the effectiveness of the above methods is validated by simulation analysis and result comparison.     

基于Vega的红外图像仿真

介绍了红外成像仿真的基本理论,讨论了利用Vega传感器模块将输入的可见目标图像生成红外图像的技术。该技术使用Creator软件进行三维几何建模和纹理映射,使用TMM软件进行红外材质建模;然后,用Mat软件进行大气衰减的计算;最后,用SensorWorks软件进行传感器特性建模,通过光电转换生成红外图像。以阿帕奇AH6直升机为例进行了红外图像仿真,结果表明,利用Vega传感器模块进行传感器建模,建模效果较好,成本低,易于工程实现。     

基于红外图像仿真的光电模拟器研究

针对舰载光电跟踪仪仿真测试需求,提出基于红外图像仿真的光电模拟器的设计。利用Ｖｅｇａ仿真平台计算所得辐亮度和仿真图像灰度值之间线性关系,求解该线性映射关系,对红外仿真场景的图像进行分析标定。通过某型光电跟踪仪定型试验验证,光电通道跟踪精度达到１ ｍｒａｄ,满足系统指标要求。光电模拟器可完成在复杂背景、夜间等外场无法进行的试验条件下,对光电跟踪仪动态性能和战技指标的测试。     

基于Vega的红外图像仿真

介绍了红外成像仿真的基本理论,讨论了利用Vega传感器模块将输入的可见目标图像生成红外图像的技术。该技术使用Creator软件进行三维几何建模和纹理映射,使用TMM软件进行红外材质建模;然后,用Mat软件进行大气衰减的计算;最后,用SensorWorks软件进行传感器特性建模,通过光电转换生成红外图像。以阿帕奇AH6直升机为例进行了红外图像仿真,结果表明,利用Vega传感器模块进行传感器建模,建模效果较好,成本低,易于工程实现。     

基于水浴黑体的红外成像系统定标实验研究

定标是任何成像和非成像系统定量化应用的前提,实验室定标是把握系统基本性能的关键环节。在阐述红外系统定标的原理和方法的基础上,基于高精度水浴黑体,从稳定度、响应线性和响应度系数方面对红外热像仪进行了定标实验,描述了实验定标系统,并结合实验详细分析了影响定标精度的主要因素:黑体温度的不确定度、对同一辐射量值的测量误差和环境温度引入的误差。