Extremely low density self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots

The self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) with extremely low density of 8×106 cm-2 are achieved using higher growth temperature and lower InAs coverage by low-pressure metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOVCD). As a result of micro-photoluminescence (micro-PL), for extremely low density of 8×106 cm-2 InAs QDs in the micro-PL measurements at 10 K, only one emission peak has been achieved. It is believed that the InAs QDs have a good potential to realize single photon sources.     

Room temperature photoreflectance of MOCVD-grown InAs/GaAs quantum dots

Photoreflectance spectroscopy results are reported for InAs/GaAs self-organised quantum dots grown by low-pressure MOCVD. Quantum dot-related optical transitions have been observed for the first time at room temperature. Good agreement between experiment and theory based on a recent 8-band k·p theory has been obtained.     

Hydrostatic pressure effects on exciton states in InAs/GaAs quantum dots

Based on the effective-mass approximation, the hydrostatic pressure effects on exciton states in InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) are studied by means of a variational method. Numerical results show that the exciton binding energy has a minimum with increasing dot height for any hydrostatic pressure. The interband emission energy increases when the hydrostatic pressure increases. In particular, we find that hydrostatic pressure has a remarkable effect on exciton states for small QD size. Our results are in agreement with experiment measurements.     

Combined STM/AFM visualization of the local density of states in the InAs/GaAs quantum dots

Combined ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling/atomic-force microscopy (STM/AFM) has been implemented for the first time for the tunneling spectroscopy of the size-quantized states in the InAs/GaAs(001) surface quantum dots (QDs). The tunneling spectra and current images, which reflect the energy and spatial distribution of the local density of the ground and excited states in the QDs have been obtained.     

Effect of hydrostatic pressure and temperature on the electronic states in InAs/GaAs cylindrical double quantum dots

The effect of hydrostatic pressure and temperature on the electronic states in vertically coupled InAs/GaAs cylindrical double quantum dots is considered. The problem is solved using the effective mass method and the adiabatic approximation. Dependences of the electron energy on the pressure and temperature are studied for different values of geometric parameters of the structure.     

«Self-organized» InAs/GaAs quantum dots

Il Nuovo Cimento D - We discuss some specific properties of self-organized InAs-GaAs quantum dots grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy. We report on the optical spectra obtained under resonant...     

Disorder-induced natural quantum dots in InAs/GaAs nanostructures

Properties of excitons confined to potential fluctuations due to indium distribution in the wetting layer which accompany self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots are reviewed. Spectroscopic studies are summarized including time-resolved photoluminescence and corresponding single-photon emission correlation measurements. The identification of charge states of excitons is presented which is based on results of a theoretical analysis of interactions between the involved carriers. The effect of the dots’ environment on their optical spectra is also shown.     

Wetting layers effect on InAs/GaAs quantum dots

FEM combining with the K·P theory is adopted to systematically investigate the effect of wetting layers on the strain-stress profiles and electronic structures of self-organized InAs quantum dot. Four different kinds of quantum dots are introduced at the same height and aspect ratio. We found that 0.5 nm wetting layer is an appropriate thickness for InAs/GaAs quantum dots. Strain shift down about 3%∼4.5% for the cases with WL (0.5 nm) and without WL in four shapes of quantum dots. For band edge energy, wetting layers expand the potential energy gap width. When WL thickness is more than 0.8 nm, the band edge energy profiles cannot vary regularly. The electron energy is affected while for heavy hole this impact on the energy is limited. Wetting layers for the influence of the electronic structure is obviously than the heavy hole. Consequently, the electron probability density function spread from buffer to wetting layer while the center of hole's function moves from QDs internal to wetting layer when introduce WLs. When WLs thickness is larger than 0.8 nm, the electronic structures of quantum dots have changed obviously. This will affect the instrument's performance which relies on the quantum dots' optical properties.     

Observation of monolayer-splitting for InAs/GaAs quantum dots

A pronounced modulation is observed in the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of self-organized InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs), recorded at low excitation densities. The clearly distinguishable peaks are identified as a multimodal distribution of the ground state transition energy, originating from a discrete, stepwise variation of the structural properties of the QDs, which is associated with an increase of the QD height in monolayer (ML) steps. The observation of a ML splitting implies a flat QD shape with well-defined upper and lower interfaces as well as negligible indium segregation. The electronic properties of the InAs/GaAs QDs were investigated by PL and PL-excitation spectroscopy and are discussed based on realistic calculations for flat InAs/GaAs QDs with a truncated pyramidal shape based on an extended 8-band k·p model. The calculations predict a red shift of the ground state transition with each additional ML, which saturates for heights above 9 ML, is in good agreement with experiment.     

Size-dependent fine-structure splitting in self-organized InAs/GaAs quantum dots

A systematic variation of the exciton fine-structure splitting with quantum dot size in single quantum dots grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition is observed. The splitting increases from to as much as with quantum dot size. A change of sign is reported for small quantum dots. Model calculations within the framework of eight-band theory and the configuration interaction method were performed. Different sources for the fine-structure splitting are discussed, and piezoelectricity is pinpointed as the only effect reproducing the observed trend.     

Polaron relaxation dynamics in InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots

Polaron decay in n-type InAs quantum dots has been investigated using energy dependent, mid-infrared pump–probe spectroscopy. By studying samples with differing ground state to first excited state energy separations the relaxation time has been measured between 40 and 60 meV. The low-temperature decay time increases with increasing detuning between the pump energy and the optical phonon energy and is maximum (55 ps) at 56 meV. From the experimentally determined decay times we are able to extract a low-temperature optical phonon lifetime of 13 ps for InAs QDs. We find that the polaron decay time decreases by a factor of 2 at room temperature due to the reduction of the optical phonon lifetime.     

Long polaron lifetime in InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots

We have investigated the polaron dynamics in n-doped InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots by pump-probe midinfrared spectroscopy. A long T1 polaron decay time is measured at both low temperature and room temperature, with values around 70 and 37 ps, respectively. The decay time decreases for energies closer to the optical phonon energy. The relaxation is explained by the strong coupling for the electron-phonon interaction and by the finite lifetime of the optical phonons. We show that, even for a large detuning of 19 meV from the LO photon energy in GaAs, the carrier relaxation remains phonon assisted.     

Broadband light emitting from multilayer-stacked InAs/GaAs quantum dots

We report the effect of the GaAs spacer layer thickness on the photoluminescence(PL) spectral bandwidth of InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots(QDs).A PL spectral bandwidth of 158 nm is achieved with a five-layer stack of InAs QDs which has a 11-nm thick GaAs spacer layer.We investigate the optical and the structural properties of the multilayer-stacked InAs/GaAs QDs with different GaAs spacer layer thicknesses.The results show that the spacer thickness is a key parameter affecting the multi-stacked InAs/GaAs QDs for wide-spectrum emission.     

Theoretical study of quantum confined Stark shift in InAs／GaAs quantum dots

The quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE) of the self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots has been investigated theoretically. The ground-state transition energies for quantum dots in the shape of a cube, pyramid or “truncated pyramid” are calculated and analysed. We use a method based on the Green function technique for calculating thestrain in quantum dots and an efficient plane-wave envelope-function technique to determine the ground-state electronic structure of them with different shapes. The symmetry of quantum dots is broken by the effect of strain. So the properties of carriers show different behaviours from the traditional quantum device. Based on these results, we also calculate permanent built-in dipole moments and compare them with recent experimental data. Our results demonstrate that the measured Stark effect in self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dot structures can be explained by including linear grading.     

Electronic states of InAs/GaAs tyre-shape quantum ring

In the framework of the effective mass theory, this paper calculates the electron energy levels of an InAs/GaAs tyre-shape quantum ring （TSQR） by using the plane wave basis. The results show that the electron energy levels axe sensitively dependent on the TSQR＇s section thickness d, and insensitively dependent on TSQR＇s section inner radius R1 and TSQR＇s inner radius R2. The model and results provide useful information for the design and fabrication of InAs/GaAs TSQRs.     

尺寸分布对量子点激发态发光性质的影响

采用有效质量近似方法研究了量子点的激发态光致发光峰的展宽问题. 对尺寸不均匀分布下量子点各能级发光峰与平均尺寸量子点发光峰的能量偏差进行了计算，定性地描述了尺寸分布对量子点基态和激发态发光峰展宽的影响. 研究表明，量子点的高度、直径以及体积等不均匀分布使量子点具有不同的垂直、平面方向的量子束缚. 这两种量子限制的相互作用决定了量子点激发态发光峰的宽度相对于基态发光峰的大小. 在各种不同性质的尺寸分布下，量子点激发态发光峰的展宽有可能大于、等于或小于基态发光峰的展宽. 关键词： 量子点 尺寸分布 激发态     

InAs/GaAs表面量子点的压电调制反射光谱研究

运用压电调制反射光谱(PzR)方法测量了在以GaAs(311)B为衬底的In_0.35Ga_0.65As模板上生长的InAs表面量子点结构的反射谱.在77K温度下，观察到了来自样品各个组成结构(包括表面量子点本身、被覆盖层覆盖的量子点、In_0.35Ga_0.65As模板以及GaAs衬底等)的调制信号.来自表面量子点本身的调制信号是多个清晰的调制峰.用一阶和三阶微分洛伦兹线形对PzR谱中对应结构的实验数据进行了拟合，精确确定了与样品的各个组成结构相对应的调制峰的能量位置.对不同样品PzR谱的差异进行了定性的说明. 关键词： 压电调制光谱 InAs/GaAs 表面量子点 洛伦兹线形拟合     

Photoemission from InAs/GaAs quantum dots decorated with cesium adatoms

An array of non-overgrown InAs/GaAs quantum dots has been decorated with adsorbed metal atoms in situ in ultrahigh vacuum. Their electron and photoemission properties have been studied. The radical modification of the spectra of the threshold emission from the quantum dots with increasing cesium coating has been found. Two photoemission channels have been established; they are characterized by considerably different intensities, spectral locations, and widths of the selective bands. It has been shown that the decoration of the quantum dots makes it possible to control the electronic structure and quantum yield of photoemission, the nature of which is related to the excitation of the electronic states of the GaAs substrate and InAs/GaAs quantum dots.