兰州重离子治癌装置同步加速器切割磁铁研制

切割磁铁作为同步加速器注入引出的关键部件之一,对磁场及切割板结构都有严格的要求。介绍了兰州重离子治癌装置(HIMM)同步加速器切割磁铁的设计情况,基于磁场优化软件OPERA,对切割磁铁磁场均匀度及杂散场的分布进行了详细的分析。根据磁场要求优化结构设计,完成了磁铁的加工。磁场测量结果分析显示,有效场区范围内磁场均匀度优于设计结果。同时通过对磁铁端部屏蔽处理,在环内侧管道处杂散磁场降到2 mT以内,满足物理设计要求。     

CSR切割磁铁设计

兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环(HIRFL CSR)由一个主环(CSRm)和实验环(CSRe)构成.两个储存环的束流注入与引出都需要借助于切割磁铁的导向来完成.介绍了CSR的切割磁铁的物理设计和二维场计算. In order to satisfy the requirement of beam injection and extraction of CSR, four magnetic septums will be used in the accelerator. In the design, the shape of the lamination is optimized by 2-D magnetic field calculation. Also, in order to decrease the leakage field and obtain a satisfied field distribution, a special auxiliary coil and a shield iron plate are considered and as well as the construction of the septum leg is treated in a special way. As a result, the leakage field is almost...     

兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环kicker磁铁设计

 介绍了兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环（HIRFL-CSR）CSRm引出kicker磁铁的物理设计、参数计算以及结构设计和加工。为了减小电感,使上升时间达到要求,CSRm引出kicker磁铁采用分布式的传输线方案,同时将无感电容与磁铁并联以满足匹配的问题。磁铁用单匝线圈和铁氧体铁芯来降低电感、减少涡流损耗,并采取两台电源成对供电、导体一端共地的结构形式消除杂散电感和轴向场,这种方式不但消除了过桥的不利影响,而且可通过调节导体间距离方便的调节磁场均匀区宽度和磁铁电感。完成设计后磁铁电感小于1 μH,在140 mm范围内磁场均匀度好于±0. 5%,最高磁场达到0.038 T,最大峰值激磁电流约为2.5 kA。     

兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环kicker磁铁设计

介绍了兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环（HIRFL-CSR）CSRm引出kicker磁铁的物理设计、参数计算以及结构设计和加工。为了减小电感,使上升时间达到要求,CSRm引出kicker磁铁采用分布式的传输线方案,同时将无感电容与磁铁并联以满足匹配的问题。磁铁用单匝线圈和铁氧体铁芯来降低电感、减少涡流损耗,并采取两台电源成对供电、导体一端共地的结构形式消除杂散电感和轴向场,这种方式不但消除了过桥的不利影响,而且可通过调节导体间距离方便的调节磁场均匀区宽度和磁铁电感。完成设计后磁铁电感小于1 μH,在140 mm范围内磁场均匀度好于±0. 5%,最高磁场达到0.038 T,最大峰值激磁电流约为2.5 kA。     

非对称大角度矩形切割磁铁杂散磁场的影响

切割磁铁是环型加速器常用的注入引出元件之一, 其在非偏转方向上对束流的影响, 直接关系到注入引出束流的轨道匹配。 对大角度非对称矩形切割磁铁杂散磁场的影响进行了分析, 指出其在非偏转方向上对束流有一定的偏转量, 而且此偏转量是不可忽略的。 另外, 介绍了HIRFL CSR主环注入切割磁铁对注入轨道匹配的影响, 并提出了一种补偿方案, 进行了初步的补偿。 As important components, magnet septums are often used to separate beams inside and outside ring accelerators. If the septum has bending effect on non intended bending direction, it will influence orbit matching. The fringing field effects of non symmetrical large angle rectangular type septum is investigated in this paper. In some condition, the non intended bending can’t be neglected. One of the method to compensate the non intended bending of septum is introduced in CSRm injection line.     

兰州重离子加速器储存环引出切割磁铁电源数字化升级

介绍了兰州重离子加速器储存环(HIRFL-CSR)引出切割磁铁电源的工作原理及进行数字化升级方案。采用了基于FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)的可编程片上系统(SOPC)、NIOSII的软件架构及硬件描述语言编写的多环调节算法,探讨了在FPGA上实现加速器电源控制算法的一些关键问题。对引出切割磁铁电源进行数字化升级后,HIRFL-CSR的主环束流引出过程更加可靠,同时提高了实验终端束斑位置的稳定性。本工作为HIRFL-CSR磁铁电源的全面数字化及重离子治癌数字电源的研发提供了重要的技术参考。     

兰州重离子冷却储存环二极磁铁设计

介绍了兰州重离子冷却储存环主环(CSRm)的改进W型二极磁铁和实验环(CSRe)C型二极磁铁的磁场计算和物理设计,在降低了磁铁造价和运行费用的前提下设计参数达到或超过了物理要求.根据样机的加工和检测结果来看,所有的磁场计算和物理设计的结果是可靠的.Magnetic field calculation and design of CSRm modified W-type dipoles and of CSRe C-type dipoles are presented in this paper. Under the condition of lower cost, all of the designed parameters are better than required values. Now the prototype has been fabricated and also the magnetic field measurement has been done. According to the measured results, all the calculation and design are very reliable.     

重离子治疗装置同步加速器高频控制系统研制

重离子治疗对病灶周围健康组织损伤最小,对癌细胞杀伤效果最佳,是当代公认的先进有效的放疗方法。重离子Bragg峰与束流能量的关系要求重离子束能够在不同的能量间切换,需要加速器实现变能量加速。变能量加速的关键系统是同步加速器高频计算机控制系统;要求该系统能够根据光触发事例自动更换加速波形文件。该系统主要由三块基于PXI总线的FPGA板卡组成,采用了SOPC、DSP等技术,实现了波形文件的接收、插值及输出等功能。目前,控制系统经过长期稳定性试验,指标完全满足重离子治疗要求。Heavy ion therapy is the most advanced and effective method of radiotherapy. Because it has the advantage that it has minimal damage to surrounding healthy tissue and the greatest cancer celling killing effect. The relationship between heavy ion Bragg peak and beam energy requires the accelerator to switch the beam between different energy. The PXI RF control system plays an important role in Heavy Ion Medical Machine(HIMM). It can automatically change the waveform files according to the optical event. The system is mainly consisted by three FPGA cards, based on PXI bus, and mainly use the technology such as SOPC, DSP and so on. The PXI RF control system for HIMM has been tested through a long-term stability experiments, the system meets the proposed requirements.     

Simulation of induced radioactivity for a heavy ion medical machine

The radioactivity induced by carbon ions of the Heavy Ion Medical Machine (HIMM) was studied to asses its radiation protection and environmental impact. Radionuclides in the accelerator component, and in the cooling water and air at the target area, which are induced from primary beam and secondary particles, are simulated by FLUKA Monte Carlo code. It is found that radioactivity in the cooling water and air is not very important at the required beam intensity and energy that is needed for treatment, while radionuclides in the accelerator component may cause some problems for maintenance work and, therefore, a suitable cooling time is needed after the machine is shut down.     

基于FPGA的HIMM同步高频信号源设计

针对医用重离子加速器装置(HIMM)同步加速器对于高频系统不同能量波形输出的需求,设计实现可输出不同能量对应腔体电压及偏磁电流波形的同步信号源。该系统以ARTERA公司FPGA作为核心处理元件,接收并处理多组腔体电压及偏磁电流波形文件,同时以DAC作为输出单元,通过接收同步光触发信号实现不同能量对应给定波形信号的无缝切换及同步输出,完成HIMM同步高频信号源的设计。测试结果表明,该信号源工作稳定,可实现各种不同能量对应波形的无缝切换及同步输出,其性能完全满足HIMM系统对碳离子捕获加速的要求。相比于商业任意波形发生器产品,该系统价格低廉,且模块化的设计易于集成,可广泛应用于其他需产生任意波形信号的场合。     

医用重离子回旋加速器引出系统设计

紧凑型回旋加速器作为重离子医学专用装置同步加速器的注入器,其引出系统设计所用的磁场为TOSCA模型计算磁场。通过单粒子轨道计算确定引出系统的元件类型及基本参数;通过多粒子跟踪确定最终的元件参数和束流参数。为了提高引出效率,改善引出束流品质,在引出位置磁场梯度较大的位置,安放了一块C型磁铁,以改善此处的磁场梯度。同时,为了消除此C型磁铁对主磁场的影响,在此区域安放了一对线圈。计算结果表明引出系统的设计能够保证引出束流的强度和品质符合同步加速器的要求。     

中国散裂中子源注入系统电切割磁铁物理设计

利用OPERA/TOSCA大型有限元分析软件对中国散裂中子源/快循环同步环（CSNS/RCS）注入系统的直流C型特种电切割磁铁进行了2维/3维磁场计算和设计,通过放置1 mm厚的DT4铁磁性屏蔽板,可将循环束流轨道上的边缘漏场比降低至2.610-4,大大减小了切割板外侧的边缘漏场对循环束流动力学的影响。另外,对该类型切割磁铁的线圈做了详细的水冷计算,以保证磁铁能在适当的温度下运行。结果表明,无论从物理上还是工程上,该类型磁铁完全可以满足CSNS/RCS注入系统物理设计以及长期稳定运行的要求。     

中国散裂中子源注入系统电切割磁铁物理设计

利用OPERA/TOSCA大型有限元分析软件对中国散裂中子源/快循环同步环（CSNS/RCS）注入系统的直流C型特种电切割磁铁进行了2维/3维磁场计算和设计,通过放置1 mm厚的DT4铁磁性屏蔽板,可将循环束流轨道上的边缘漏场比降低至2.610-4,大大减小了切割板外侧的边缘漏场对循环束流动力学的影响。另外,对该类型切割磁铁的线圈做了详细的水冷计算,以保证磁铁能在适当的温度下运行。结果表明,无论从物理上还是工程上,该类型磁铁完全可以满足CSNS/RCS注入系统物理设计以及长期稳定运行的要求。     

Possibility of Yerevan synchrotron magnet structure transformation

We study a possibility of improving the YerPhI synchrotron by changing the magnet structure of accelerating ring so that the beam dynamics preserves its stability. The proposed changes in magnet structure allow one to get free intervals of sufficient length between the magnets which will be used for installing the system of multiturn injection and ejection of the beam as well as for installing a “cooling” system for the ion beam acceleration. Besides, additional focusing or defocusing magnets may be installed in the formed long free intervals for more effective control of the “working point” location, as well as the sextupole magnets may be installed for control of the chromaticity of the beam.     

基于CPCI总线DMA方式的实时高速数据交换系统

针对在重离子同步加速器运行过程中,如何解决设备控制器与上层数据处理程序之间的高速数据交换的问题,自主研发了基于Compact PCI总线板卡,板载FPGA,DSP,SDRAM等资源,并设计了DMA完整控制逻辑,传输协议解译全部由硬件完成（FPGA）。多个软硬件模块共同实现了该实时高速数据交换系统。该系统经实测,结构完整自洽,数据传输带宽符合重离子同步加速器运行要求,实现了数据传输的实时性。重点描述该系统数据通路上的诸多技术环节,包括硬件和软件的功能划分、FPGA、DSP、驱动程序、上层应用等各环节的技术细节。该实时数据交换系统系原创性设计,系统解决了控制与数据采集系统的设备控制层与上层数据处理层之间的实时数据交换问题。     

Design of magnet and control of the beam emittance for Penning H^- ion source

The design requirement and principle of the deflection magnet for Magnetron and Penning H- ion source are discussed. It is proved that there exists a maximum emittance for the beam that may be transformed by the magnet into a state with equal Twiss parameters of αr =αy and βr =βy, which is the requisite condition to get a minimum emittance at the entrance of RFQ after transporting by a LEBT with solenoids. For this maximum emittance, the corresponding magnetic field gradient index is 1.     

Design of magnet and control of the beam emittance for Penning H- ion source

The design requirement and principle of the deflection magnet for Magnetron and Penning H- ion source are discussed.It is proved that there exists a maximum emittance for the beam that may be transformed by the magnet into a state with equal Twiss parameters of αr=αy and βr =βy,which is the requisite condition to get a minimum emittance at the entrance of RFQ after transporting by a LEBT with solenoids.For this maximum emittance,the corresponding magnetic field gradient index is 1.