Solid state 13C NMR study of hexa(methoxy methyl)melamine and melamine-formaldehyde selfcondensates

The structure and molecular dynamics of self-condensation products of three different melamine resins based on hexa(methoxy methyl)melamine are studied by ¹³C NMR in the solid state. The application of direct (DP) and cross-polarization (CP) pulse sequences shows that uncured and cured melamine resins are motionally heterogeneous systems, with the mobile and rigid parts consisting of the same basic structural units. Viscous lightly cured samples based on commercial melamine-formaldehyde resins contain low-molecular weight species which act as plasticizers. In these resins, three motionally different methyl groups are observed. Their existence is confirmed either by spectral deconvolution or by fitting the experimental signal intensities to the cross-polarization dynamics with the assumption of two cross-polarization-transfer rates. Fast cross-polarizing rigid methyl groups are accompanied with the spinning sidebands. On the basis of DP and CP relaxation measurements, quantitative results for three major structural units are calculated. Problems concerning the ¹⁴N-¹³C quadrupolar interactions and quantitative analysis are discussed. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The reaction of furfuryl alcohol resins with hexamethylenetetramine: A 13C and 15N high-resolution solid-state NMR study

The reactions between furfuryl alcohol (FA)/poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) have been studied by ¹³C and ¹⁵N high-resolution solid-state NMR techniques. Highly crosslinked polymer networks similar to those obtained from the thermal curing of FA resins under acidic condition are formed. Possible reaction pathways are postulated on the basis of changes of chemical structures during the curing; α-substituted furfurylamines are shown to be the initial intermediates. Their further reactions with FA/PFA, together with thermal decomposition, produce methylene linkages between furan rings, resulting in chain extension and crosslinking, which occurs at both the methylene linkages and the 3- or 4-C of furan rings. Various side-products such as amines, imines, amides, imides, and nitriles are also formed during the reactions, and some of these can remain in the resins up to 205°C. The crosslinked network can be heterogeneous with different structures on nanometer scales when higher oligomers of FA resins react with HMTA. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35 : 2233–2243, 1997     

Demonstration of methylene-ether bridge formation in melamine-formaldehyde resins

¹H and ¹³C NMR have been used for the quantitative determination of methylene-ether bridges in melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resins. The amount of methylene-ether bridges was determined by ¹³C NMR from the number of monomethylolated amino groups consumed in the condensation reactions and is in agreement with that calculated from the condensation water contents. This latter method, which involves a combination of ¹H and ¹³C NMR, is based on the amount of condensation water released during the formation of both methylene and methylene-ether bridges. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

杂氮硅三环类化合物结构的固体NMR实验研究

采用固体NMR实验方法研究了取代的三个杂氮硅三环羧酸化合物的结构,针对实验结果讨论了环上取代对化合物构型和配键的影响,以及硅和氮化学位移对环上取代的反映。     

Structural characterization of polypyrrole in the solid state by high resolution 15N NMR spectroscopy [II]

The solid-state ¹⁵N CP/MAS NMR spectra and ¹⁵N spin-lattice relaxation times (T₁) of doped and dedoped ¹⁵N-labeled polypyrroles prepared by electrochemical polymerization, have been measured by means of high-resolution solid-state ¹⁵N NMR. The ¹⁵N signal of polypyrrole consists of four peaks decomposed by line shape analysis. The four peaks obtained have been assigned to the various structures of polypyrrole. Further, the half-width of the ¹⁵N NMR spectra of polypyrroles is discussed as related to the electrical conductivity. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A 1H, 13C and 15N NMR study in solution and in the solid state of six N-substituted pyrazoles and indazoles

Three N-substituted pyrazoles and three N-substituted indazoles [1-(4-nitrophenyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrazole (1), 1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrazole (2), 1-tosyl-pyrazole (3), 1-p-chlorobenzoylindazole (4), 1-tosylinda-zole (5) and 2-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-indazole (6)] have been studied by NMR spectroscopy in solution (1H, 13C, 15N) and in the solid state (13C, 15N). The chemical shifts have been compared with GIAO/DFT calculated absolute shieldings. Some discrepancies have been analyzed.     

Solid state13C NMR spectra of metal carbonyl clusters

The solid state¹³C NMR spectra of four¹³CO enriched carbonyl clusters having a tri-iron metallic core have been analyzed to provide structural and dynamic information. In Fe₃(CO)₁₂ (1), the high temperature spectra suggest the occurrence of large amplitude motions of the CO groups around their position at the vertexes of the coordination polyhedron in addition to the motion involving the Fe₃-triangle previously detected in the VT-¹³C MAS spectra.¹³C and³¹P NMR data of Fe₃(CO)₁₁PPh₃ (2) indicates the presence of one molecule in the asymmetric unit in apparent disagreement with the previously reported X-ray data. Furthermore, we show that structural information can be obtained from the chemical shift tensor components readily available from the analysis of the spinning sideband manifold.     

N7‐ and N9‐substituted purine derivatives: a 15N NMR study

The ¹⁵N NMR chemical shifts of N⁷‐ and N⁹‐substituted purine derivatives were investigated systematically at the natural abundance level of the ¹⁵N isotope. The NMR chemical shifts were determined and assigned using GSQMBC, GHMBC, GHMQC and GHSQC experiments in solution. ¹⁵N cross‐polarization magic angle spinning data were recorded for selected compounds in order to study the principal values of the ¹⁵N chemical shifts. Geometric parameters obtained by using RHF/6–31G** and single‐crystal x‐ray structural analysis were used to calculate the chemical‐shielding constants (GIAO and IGLO) which were then used to assign the nitrogen resonances observed in the solid‐state NMR spectra and to determine the orientation of the principal components of the shift tensors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

31P Solid state NMR study of structure and chemical stability of dichlorotriphenylphosphorane

Solid state ³¹P NMR spectroscopy was used to examine, monitor and quantify the compound integrity of the chemical reagent dichlorotriphenylphosphorane. Comparison was also made with solution ³¹P NMR spectra which showed that this highly reactive species could be observed in dry benzene prior to conversion to the hydrolyzed product. This is the first reported solid state NMR study of the stability and reactivity of dichlorotriphenylphosphorane and the first account of its observation and comparison in the solution state. In the solid state, the ionic and covalent forms for dichlorotriphenylphosphorane were observed along with hydrolyzed products, however, the degree of hydrolysis was dependent upon the rotor packing conditions. Calculation of the relative percent composition of dichlorotriphenylphosphorane with hydrolyzed product was made for samples prepared in air versus under nitrogen atmosphere. This information was critical in adjusting the amount of reagent used in chemical development syntheses and scale up laboratories. All hydrolyzed products were identified, based upon chemical comparisons with spectra of pure materials. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

1H, 13C and 15N NMR spectra of ciprofloxacin

1H NMR assignment, including the values of delta(H) and J(H,H) for the cyclopropane moiety, and 13C NMR and 15N NMR spectral data for ciprofloxacin are presented.     

Theoretical and experimental study of 15N NMR protonation shifts

A combined theoretical and experimental study revealed that the nature of the upfield (shielding) protonation effect in ¹⁵N NMR originates in the change of the contribution of the sp²‐hybridized nitrogen lone pair on protonation resulting in a marked shielding of nitrogen of about 100 ppm. On the contrary, for amine‐type nitrogen, protonation of the nitrogen lone pair results in the deshielding protonation effect of about 25 ppm, so that the total deshielding protonation effect of about 10 ppm is due to the interplay of the contributions of adjacent natural bond orbitals. A versatile computational scheme for the calculation of ¹⁵N NMR chemical shifts of protonated nitrogen species and their neutral precursors is proposed at the density functional theory level taking into account solvent effects within the supermolecule solvation model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A 13C NMR study of the methylol derivatives of 2,4′‐ and 4,4′‐dihydroxydiphenylmethanes found in resol phenol–formaldehyde resins

A total of 13 of the 16 possible methylol derivatives of 2,4′‐ and 4,4′‐dihydroxydiphenylmethane have been synthesized, isolated, and identified. These compounds are found as intermediates in the cure process of resol phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resins. Analysis of the ¹³C NMR spectra (in acetone‐d₆) of these compounds provided a way to evaluate the seven methylolphenol ring types (methylol derivatives of 2‐hydroxyphenyl and 4‐hydroxyphenyl rings) found in typical resol PF resins using the ipso carbon region from 150 to 160 ppm. A simple diagnostic test was developed using the chemical shift values of the methylol methylene carbon atoms to identify the presence of intermediates containing either a 2‐hydroxyphenyl or a 4‐hydroxyphenyl ring. Using these data it is now possible to analyze the major components in extracted prepreg PF resins. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Solid state NMR study of intercalate complexes of poly(ethylene oxide) and small molecules

From solid state NMR spectra, a lower shielding of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) protons, in contrast to higher shielding of PEO carbons, has been found for PEO/hydroxybenzene and PEO/LiCF₃SO₃ complexes in comparison with neat PEO. The same PEO chemical shifts were found both for crystalline and amorphous phase of PEO/LiCF₃SO₃ polymer electrolyte, confirming the same interaction in both phases. Measurements of 2D ¹H CRAMPS exchange NMR spectra have been used to characterize proton distances in complexes of PEO and benzene derivatives. A close contact (∼ 0.3 nm) between aromatic and PEO protons was detected in some cases. From the measurements of the cross polarization ¹H → ¹³C, using Lee-Goldburg irradiation of ¹H nuclei, the distance between LiCF₃SO₃ carbon and the nearest PEO protons in the PEO/LiCF₃SO₃ complex was determined.     

13C and 15N NMR spectra of aminobenzimidazoles in solution and in the solid state

The ¹³C [hexadeutero‐dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO‐d₆), hexamethyl‐phosphoramide (HMPA)‐d₁₈and solid‐state] and ¹⁵N (solid‐state) NMR spectra of six C‐aminobenzimidazoles have been recorded. The tautomerism of 4(7)‐aminobenzimidazoles and 5(6)‐aminobenzimidazoles has been determined and compared with B3LYP/6‐311 + + G(d,p) calculations confirming the clear predominance of the 4‐amino tautomer and the slight preference for the 6‐amino tautomer. GIAO‐calculated absolute shieldings compare well with experimental chemical shifts. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

15N NMR spectra of some ionic liquids based on 1,3-disubstituted imidazolium cations

15N NMR spectra of twelve neat ionic liquids derived from 1,3-disubstituted imidazolium salts were measured, and effects of nitrogen atoms substitution, type of anions and influence of solvents used for dilution of neat ionic liquids were studied. Changes in charge distribution are discussed.     

Probing platinum azido complexes by 14N and 15N NMR spectroscopy

Metal azido complexes are of general interest due to their high energetic properties, and platinum azido complexes in particular because of their potential as photoactivatable anticancer prodrugs. However, azido ligands are difficult to probe by NMR spectroscopy due to the quadrupolar nature of (14)N and the lack of scalar (1)H coupling to enhance the sensitivity of the less abundant (15)N by using polarisation transfer. In this work, we report (14)N and (15)N NMR spectroscopic studies of cis,trans,cis-[Pt(N(3))(2)(OH)(2)(NH(3))] (1) and trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N(3))(2)(OH)(2)(X)(Y)], where X=Y=NH(3) (2); X=NH(3), Y=py (3) (py=pyridine); X=Y=py (4); and selected Pt(II) precursors. These studies provide the first (15)N NMR data for azido groups in coordination complexes. We discuss one- and three-bond J((15)N,(195)Pt) couplings for azido and am(m)ine ligands. The (14)N(α) (coordinated azido nitrogen) signal in the Pt(IV) azido complexes is extremely broad (W(1/2)≈2124 Hz for 4) in comparison to other metal azido complexes, attributable to a highly asymmetrical electric field gradient at the (14)N(α) atom. Through the use of anti-ringing pulse sequences, the (14)N NMR spectra, which show resolution of the broad (14)N(α) peak, were obtained rapidly (e.g., 1.5 h for 10 mM 4). The linewidths of the (14)N(α) signals correlate with the viscosity of the solvent. For (15) N-enriched samples, it is possible to detect azido (15)N resonances directly, which will allow photoreactions to be followed by 1D (15)N NMR spectroscopy. The T(1) relaxation times for 3 and 4 were in the range 5.7-120 s for (15)N, and 0.9-11.3 ms for (14)N. Analysis of the (1)J((15)N,(195)Pt) coupling constants suggests that an azido ligand has a moderately strong trans influence in octahedral Pt(IV) complexes, within the series 2-pic相似文献   

The 15N NMR study of silatranes

Various silatrane compounds were studied by means of ¹⁵N NMR spectroscopy. The quantum chemical calculations of some of the compounds were carried out using CNDO/2 method. The following correlations were obtained, i.e., ¹⁵N chemical shifts vary linearly with Taft's polar substituent constants (s) of the substituents R on the silicon atoms, and also with the net charge densities on the nitrogen atoms. From both experimental and theoretical aspects, it could be concluded that the SiN dative bonds in a series of silatrane compounds actually exist.     

A study of the 15N NMR chemical shifts in substituted anilines and phenylhydrazines, and their derivatives

The analysis of (15)N chemical shift data from over a hundred anilines, N-methyl anilines, N,N-dimethyl anilines and phenylhydrazines with substituents in the phenyl ring leads to an empirical equation, delta(cal) = deltaon + Deltao + Deltam + Deltap, for calculating (15)N NMR chemical shifts of the amino group. This equation is based on a linear regression analysis using eighteen substituent parameters and leads to good conformity with the expected data.     

High‐resolution 15N solid‐state NMR investigations on borazine‐based precursors

Reference compounds based on borazine units and polyborylborazines have been characterized by ¹⁵N solid‐state NMR. The various nitrogen sites (B₃N, B₂NH, B₂NX (X = H, Me, ⁱPr), BN(H)X and BNX₂ (X = Me, ⁱPr) have been discriminated according to their cross‐polarization behaviour and chemical shift values, which range from ?265 to ?350 ppm. This has permitted the elucidation of the polymerization mechanism associated with the polycondensation of two borazine‐based derivatives. In particular, this technique appears to be a powerful investigation tool for finding whether the B₃N₃ rings are linked through three‐atom N? B? N aminoboryl bridges or connected by direct B? N bonds. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Derivatives of pyrazinecarboxylic acid: 1H, 13C and 15N NMR spectroscopic investigations

NMR spectroscopic studies are undertaken with derivatives of 2‐pyrazinecarboxylic acid. Complete and unambiguous assignment of chemical shifts (¹H, ¹³C, ¹⁵N) and coupling constants (¹H,¹H; ¹³C,¹H; ¹⁵N,¹H) is achieved by combined application of various 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques. Unequivocal mapping of ¹³C,¹H spin coupling constants is accomplished by 2D (δ,J) long‐range INEPT spectra with selective excitation. Phenomena such as the tautomerism of 3‐hydroxy‐2‐pyrazinecarboxylic acid are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.