射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积SiNx薄膜的研究

采用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术,以N2和SiH4作为反应气体,在P型硅基片上进行SiNx薄膜的沉积.使用椭偏仪对薄膜厚度和光学常量进行了测量, 用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对SiNx薄膜的化学键合结构进行了分析.研究了基片温度、射频功率以及N2和SiH4的气体流量比率等实验工艺参量对薄膜沉积速率和光学常量的影响.结果表明,射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术沉积的SiNx薄膜是低含氢量的SiNx薄膜,折射率在1.65~2.15之间,消光系数k在0.2~0.007之间,当SiNx薄膜为富氮时k≤0.01,最高沉积速率高达6.0 nm/min,N2和SiH4气体流量比率等于10是富硅和富氮SiNx薄膜的分界点.     

甚高频等离子体增强化学气相沉积制备微晶硅太阳电池的研究

采用甚高频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术成功地制备了不同硅烷浓度和辉光功率条件下的微晶硅电池.电池的J-V测试结果表明：在实验的硅烷浓度和功率范围内，随硅烷浓度的降低和功率的加大，对应电池的开路电压逐渐变小；硅烷浓度的不同对电池的短路电流密 度有很大的影响，但功率的影响在实验研究的范围内不是很显著.对于微晶硅电池，N层最好 是非晶硅，这是因为一方面可以降低对电流的横向收集效应，另一方面也降低了电池的漏电概率，提高了电池的填充因子. 关键词： 微晶硅太阳电池 甚高频等离子体增强化学气相沉积     

等离子体增强化学气相沉积工艺制备SiON膜及对硅的钝化

研究了等离子体增强化学气相沉积工艺条件对氮氧化硅膜的生长厚度及折射率的影响以及氮氧化硅/氮化硅叠层膜对p型硅片的钝化效果.实验结果表明,NH3的流量和N2O/SiH4流量比对氮氧化硅膜的影响较大,薄膜折射率能从1.48变化到2.1,厚度从30—60 nm不等.腔内压力和射频功率主要影响膜厚,压力越大,功率越大,沉积速率加快,生成的膜越厚.温度对膜厚和折射率的影响可以忽略.钝化效果显示,在有无NH3下,N2O/SiH4流量比分别为20和30时,退火后氮氧化硅/氮化硅叠层膜对p型硅的钝化效果最好,其潜在电压和少子寿命分别为652 mV,56.7μs和649 mV,50.8μs,均优于参照组氮化硅膜样品的钝化效果.     

甚高频等离子体增强化学气相沉积法沉积μc-Si∶H薄膜中氧污染的初步研究

对不同的本底真空条件下,采用甚高频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术沉积的氢化微晶硅（μc_Si∶H）薄膜中的氧污染问题进行了比较研究.对不同氧污染条件下制备的薄膜样品的x射线光电子能谱与傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱测量结果表明：μc_Si∶H薄膜中,氧以Si—O，O—O和O—H三种不同的键合模式存在,不同的键合模式源自不同的物理机理.μc_Si∶H薄膜的Raman光谱、电导率与激活能的测量结果进一步显示：沉积过程中氧污染程度的不同,对μc_Si∶H薄膜的结构特性与电学特性产生显著影响；而不同氧污染对μc_Si∶H薄膜电学特性的影响不同于氢化非晶硅（a_Si:H）薄膜. 关键词： 氢化微晶硅薄膜 甚高频等离子体增强化学气相沉积 氧污染     

热丝和射频等离子体化学气相沉积法制备定向碳纳米管薄膜

采用热丝和射频等离子体复合化学气相沉积设备(PE-HF-CVD),以CH4、H2和N2为反应气体.在较低衬底温度下(500℃),用简单的催化剂制备方法--旋涂法在硅片上涂覆Ni(NO3)2溶液,经热处理及H2还原后的Ni颗粒为催化剂,在硅衬底上制备出了垂直于硅片且定向生长的碳纳米管薄膜.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)结果显示,1 mol/l的硝酸镍溶液旋涂硅片所得催化剂制得的碳纳米管管径为30～50 nm,长度超过4μm,定向性好.并用拉曼光谱(Raman)对不同摩尔浓度Ni(NO3)2溶液条件下制备的碳纳米管薄膜样品进行了表征.     

分步法高速沉积微晶硅薄膜

为提高微晶硅薄膜的纵向结晶性能, 在甚高频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术的基础上, 采用过渡参数缓变和两步法相结合的方法在普通玻璃衬底上高速沉积薄膜. 当功率密度为2.1 W/cm², 硅烷浓度在6%和9.6%之间变化时, 从薄膜方向和玻璃方向测算的Raman晶化率的差异维持在2%以内. 硅烷浓度为9.6%时, 薄膜沉积速率可达3.43 nm/s, 从薄膜方向和玻璃方向测算的Raman晶化率分别为50%和48%, 差异的相对值仅为4.0%. 合理控制过渡阶段的参数变化, 可使两个方向的Raman晶化率差值下降到一个百分点. 表明采用新方法制备薄膜, 不仅可以抑制非晶孵化层的形成, 改善微晶硅薄膜的纵向结构, 还为制备优质薄膜提供了较宽的参数变化空间. 关键词： 微晶硅薄膜 非晶孵化层 高速沉积 甚高频等离子体增强化学气相沉积     

等离子体增强化学气相沉积氮化碳薄膜过程中的光学发射谱研究

利用光学发射谱技术对直流辉光放电等离子体增强的化学气相沉积氮化碳薄膜过程中的等离子体进行了原位诊断，结果表明主要的辐射有N2的第二正系跃迁、N2^ 的第一负系跃迁、CN和NH的紫外跃迁。研究了气源中氢气含量、放电电流及沉积气压的变化对N2（337.1nm)，N2^ (391.4nm)和CN(388.3nm)辐射强度的影响，并在此基础上探讨了这几种跃迁的激发机制，其结果为氮化碳合成中优化沉积参数、控制实验过程提供了依据。     

螺旋波等离子体增强化学气相沉积氮化硅薄膜

利用螺旋波等离子体增强化学气相沉积(HWP-CVD)技术，以SiH4和N2为反应气体进行了氮化硅(SiN)薄膜沉积，并研究了实验参量对薄膜特性的影响.利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外—可见光谱和椭偏光检测等技术对薄膜的结构、厚度和折射率等参量进行了测量.结果表明，采用HWP-CVD技术能在低衬底温度条件下以较高的沉积速率制备低H含量的SiN薄膜，所沉积的薄膜主要表现为Si—N键合结构.采用较低的反应气体压强将提高薄膜沉积速率，并使薄膜的致密性增加.适当提高N2/SiH4比例有利于薄膜中H含量的降低. 关键词： 螺旋波等离子体 化学气相沉积 氮化硅薄膜     

射频等离子体辅助化学气相沉积方法生长碳纳米洋葱

用射频等离子体辅助化学气相沉积方法生长碳纳米洋葱.电子显微镜观察表明,产物中无碳纳米管等伴随生成,因而制得了较高产率、较高纯度的纳米洋葱.尤其是Co-SiO₂催化剂生长的碳纳米洋葱,实心、光滑,且内无催化剂颗粒,其外层由未闭合的、呈波浪状的石墨片构成,显示出与众不同的微观结构和性能.提出了该方法中碳纳米洋葱的生长机理为碳笼由里向外嵌套形成球形粒子.对波浪状、非闭合结构的形成过程进行了讨论. 关键词： 射频等离子体 化学气相沉积 碳纳米洋葱     

单室沉积p-i-n型微晶硅薄膜太阳电池性能优化的研究

采用原位的氢等离子体处理技术和微晶覆盖技术来降低单室沉积p-i-n型微晶硅薄膜太阳电池中的硼污染问题.通过对不同处理技术所制备电池的电流密度-电压和量子效率测试结果的比较发现,一定的氢处理时间和合适的覆盖层技术都可以在一定程度上提高电池的性能,但每种方法的影响程度各异、文中对此异同进行了分析.通过对电池陷光结构和氢等离子体处理时间的优化,在单室中获得了效率为6.39%的单结微晶硅太阳电池.     

微晶硅锗薄膜作为近红外光吸收层在硅基薄膜太阳电池中的应用

采用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术,制备了具有一定晶化率不同Ge含量的氢化微晶硅锗(μcSi1-xGex:H)薄膜.通过Ⅹ射线荧光谱、拉曼光谱、X射线衍射谱、傅里叶红外谱、吸收系数谱和电导率的测试,表征了μc-Si_(1-x)Ge_x:H的材料微结构随Ge含量的演变.研究表明:提高Ge含量可以增强μc-Si_(1-x)Ge_x:H薄膜的吸收系数.将其应用到硅基薄膜太阳电池的本征层中可以有效提高电池的短路电流密度(J_(sc)).特别是在电池厚度较薄或陷光不充分的情况下,长波响应的提高会更为显著.应用ZnO衬底后,在Ge含量分别为9%和27%时,μc-Si_(1-x)Ge_x:H太阳电池的转换效率均超过了7%.最后,将μc-Si_(1-x)Ge_x:H太阳电池应用在双结叠层太阳电池的底电池中,发现μc-Si_(0.73)Ge_(0.27):H底电池在厚度为800 nm时即可得到比1700 nm厚微晶硅(μc-Si:H)底电池更高的长波响应.以上结果体现μc-Si_(1-x)Ge_x:H太阳电池作为高效近红外光吸收层,在硅基薄膜太阳电池中应用的前景.     

The study of amorphous incubation layers during the growth of microcrystalline silicon films under different deposition conditions

<正>The structural un-uniformity of μc-Si:H films prepared using a very high frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition method has been investigated by Raman spectroscopy,spectroscopic ellipsometer and atomic force microscopy.It was found that the formation of amorphous incubation layer was caused by the back diffusion of SiH_4 and the amorphous induction of glass surface during the initial ignition process,and growth of the incubation layer can be suppressed and uniformμc-Si:H phase is generated by the application of delayed initial SiH_4 density and silane profiling methods.     

Porous silicon layers prepared by electrochemical etching for application in silicon thin film solar cells

In this paper, multilayer structures of porous silicon were fabricated by using electrochemical etching and characterized for its optical properties and surface morphology. Samples of monolayer of porous silicon were grown to study the characteristics of porous layer formation with respect to applied current density, etching time and hydrofluoric acid concentrations. Photoluminescence peaks of red emission at wavelength 695 and 650 nm were observed from multilayer porous silicon structures. By atomic force microscopy measurement, hillocks like surface were clearly observed within the host material, which confirmed the formation of pores.     

非晶硅锗电池性能的调控研究

采用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术, 研究了非晶硅锗薄膜太阳电池. 针对非晶硅锗薄膜材料的本身特性, 通过调控硅锗合金中硅锗的比例, 实现了对硅锗薄膜太阳电池中开路电压和短路电流密度的分别控制. 借助于本征层硅锗材料帯隙梯度的设计, 获得了可有效用于多结叠层电池中的非晶硅锗电池. 关键词： 非晶硅锗薄膜太阳电池 短路电流密度 开路电压 带隙梯度     

提高微晶硅薄膜太阳电池效率的研究

采用甚高频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术制备了系列微晶硅薄膜太阳电池，指出了气体总流量和背反射电极的类型对电池性能参数的影响.电池的I-V测试结果表明：随反应气体总流量的增加，对应电池的短路电流密度、开路电压和填充因子都有很大程度的提高，结果使得电池的光电转换效率得以提高.另外，ZnO/Ag/Al背反射电极能明显提高电池的短路电流密度，进而也提高了电池的光电转换效率.对气体总流量和背反射电极类型影响电池效率的原因进行了分析. 关键词： 微晶硅薄膜太阳电池 气体流量 ZnO/Ag/Al背反射电极     

The effect of initial discharge conditions on the properties of microcrystalline silicon thin films and solar cells

This paper studies the effects of silane back diffusion in the initial plasma ignition stage on the properties of microcrystalline silicon ($\mu $c-Si:H) films by Raman spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry, through delaying the injection of SiH7280N, 7830G, 8115Hhttp://cpb.iphy.ac.cn/CN/10.1088/1674-1056/19/5/057205https://cpb.iphy.ac.cn/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=111771back diffusion, microcrystalline silicon, thin film, Raman crystallinityProject supported by the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (Grant No.~2006CB202601).This paper studies the effects of silane back diffusion in the initial plasma ignition stage on the properties of microcrystalline silicon ($\mu $c-Si:H) films by Raman spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry, through delaying the injection of SiH$_{4}$ gas to the reactor before plasma ignition. By comparing with standard discharge condition, delayed SiH$_{4}$ gas condition could prevent the back diffusion of SiH$_{4}$ from the reactor to the deposition region effectively, which induced the formation of a thick amorphous incubation layer in the interface between bulk film and glass substrate. Applying this method, it obtains the improvement of spectral response in the middle and long wavelength region by combining this method with solar cell fabrication. Finally, results are explained by modifying zero-order analytical model, and a good agreement is found between model and experiments concerning the optimum delayed injection time.back;diffusion;microcrystalline;silicon;thin;film;Raman;crystallinityThis paper studies the effects of silane back diffusion in the initial plasma ignition stage on the properties of microcrystalline silicon(μc-Si:H) films by Raman spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry,through delaying the injection of SiH4 gas to the reactor before plasma ignition.Compared with standard discharge condition,delayed SiH4 gas condition could prevent the back diffusion of SiH4 from the reactor to the deposition region effectively,which induced the formation of a thick amorphous incubation layer in the interface between bulk film and glass substrate.Applying this method,it obtains the improvement of spectral response in the middle and long wavelength region by combining this method with solar cell fabrication.Finally,results are explained by modifying zero-order analytical model,and a good agreement is found between the model and experiments concerning the optimum delayed injection time.     

The role of hydrogen in hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon film and in deposition process with VHF-PECVD technique

The role of hydrogen in hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon ($\mu $c-Si:H) thin films in deposition processes with very high frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (VHF-PECVD) technique have been investigated in this paper. With \textit{in situ} optical emission spectroscopy (OES) diagnosis during the fabrication of $\mu $c-Si:H thin films under different plasma excitation frequency $\nu _{\rm e }$ (60MHz--90MHz), the characteristic peak intensities ($I_{{\rm SiH}^*}$, $I_{{\rm H}\alpha^*}$ and $I_{{\rm H}\beta ^*}$) in SiHVHF-PECVD技术 氢化微晶硅 光发射光谱 薄膜学VHF-PECVD technique, hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon, role of hydrogen, optical emission spectroscopyProject supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No 05300378), the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (Grant Nos G2000028202 and G2000028203) and the Program on Natural Science of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Grant No 51204056).2005-11-252005-11-252006-01-05The role of hydrogen in hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon （μc-Si：H） thin films in deposition processes with very high frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition （VHF-PECVD） technique have been investigated in this paper. With in situ optical emission spectroscopy （OES） diagnosis during the fabrication of μc-Si：H thin films under different plasma excitation frequency Ve （60MHz-90MHz）, the characteristic peak intensities （IsiH＊, IHα＊ and IHβ＊ ） in SiH4＋H2 plasma and the ratio of （IHα＊ ＋ IHβ＊ ） to IsiH＊ were measured; all the characteristic peak intensities and the ratio （IHα＊ ＋ IHβ＊ ）/IsiH＊ are increased with plasma excitation frequency. It is identified that high plasma excitation frequency is favourable to promote the decomposition of SiH4＋H2 to produce atomic hydrogen and SiHx radicals. The influences of atomic hydrogen on structural properties and that of SiHx radicals on deposition rate of μc-Si：H thin films have been studied through Raman spectra and thickness measurements, respectively. It can be concluded that both the crystalline volume fraction and deposition rate are enhanced with the increase of plasma excitation frequency, which is in good accord with the OES results. By means of FTIR measurements, hydrogen contents of μc-Si：H thin films deposited at different plasma excitation frequency have been evaluated from the integrated intensity of wagging mode near 640 cm^-1. The hydrogen contents vary from 4% to 5%, which are much lower than those of μc-Si：H films deposited with RF-PECVD technique. This implies that μc-Si：H thin films deposited with VHF-PECVD technique usually have good stability under light-soaking.     

太阳电池用本征微晶硅材料的制备及其结构研究

采用VHF-PECVD技术制备了系列不同硅烷浓度和反应气压的微晶硅薄膜.运用拉曼散射光谱和 x射线衍射对制备的材料进行了结构分析.在实验研究的范围内，制备材料的晶化程度随硅烷 浓度的增加而降低.XRD的测试结果表明：制备的微晶硅材料均体现了(220)方向择优.应用在 电池的有源层中，制备出了效率达7.1%的单结微晶硅太阳电池，电池的结构是glass/ZnO/p( μc-Si:H)/i(μc-Si:H)/n(a-Si:H/Al)，没有ZnO背反射电极，有源层的厚度仅为1.2μm. 关键词： 本征微晶硅薄膜 拉曼光谱 x射线衍射     

利用x射线小角散射技术研究微晶硅薄膜的微结构

采用x射线小角散射（SAXS）技术研究了由射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积（rf-PECVD）、 热丝化学气相沉积(HWCVD)和等离子体助热丝化学气相沉积(PE-HWCVD)技术制备的微晶硅（ μc-Si:H）薄膜的微结构.实验发现，在相同晶态比的情况下，PECVD沉积的μc-Si:H薄膜微 空洞体积比小，结构较致密，HWCVD沉积的μ-Si:H薄膜微空洞体积比大，结构较为疏松，PE -HWCVD沉积的μc-Si:H薄膜，由于等离子体的敲打作用，与HWCVD样品相比，微结构得到明 显改善.采用HWCVD二步法和PE-HWCVD加适量Ar离子分别沉积μc-Si:H薄膜，实验表明，微结 构参数得到了进一步改善.45°倾角的SAXS测量显示，不同方法制备的μc-Si:H薄膜中微空 洞分布都呈各向异性.红外光谱测量也证实了SAXS的结果. 关键词： 微晶硅薄膜 微结构 微空洞 x射线小角散射