空化流动诱导离心泵低频振动的实验研究

空化流动严重影响泵安全稳定运行,为充分认识泵内空化发展程度及其诱导的低频振动特性,设计了一台离心式模型泵作为研究对象,同时采用高速摄影及振动加速度测试手段,实现了叶轮内部空化流动的可视化及对应的泵体低频振动信号提取,分析了空化泡形态随空化发展的演化规律,对比了空化发生前后泵体低频振动频谱特性,探讨了泵体总振级水平、离散频率下振动加速度幅值随空化发展程度的变化,提出振动临界汽蚀余量可作为空化程度的另一判据,叶频时的振动加速度幅值变化亦可作为泵内空化程度的表征。     

壳管相变蓄热器强化传热实验研究

为了强化相变蓄热器传热性能,本文设计了三种新型壳管相变蓄热器结构,并对其换热性能进行实验研究.结果表明:在蓄热器内部添加分层结构和斜翅片换热性能最高,内部温度达到均匀化的时间随换热单元数增加而增大;换热管道间翅片的添加可有效地强化换热效果,改善蓄热器内部出现的温度严重分层现象,温度分布更加均匀;在研究范围内,换热流体温...     

金属凝固过程界面换热系数的Tikhonov正则化辨识

金属凝固过程中,铸件与铸型间的界面换热系数是数值模拟所必需的边界条件之一.充分考虑非线性瞬态热传导过程测温数据的误差特点,根据Tikhonov正则化理论,构造合适的正则化泛函,利用Arcangeli准则和Morozov偏差原理确定正则参数,采用灵敏度系数和Newton-Raphson迭代法求解该泛函.具体的案例分析表明,该方法克服了热传导反问题的不适定性,能够保证辨识结果的稳定性和精度.与其他方法相比,随着测温误差的增大,该方法具有较高的辨识精度.     

周向重叠三分螺旋折流板换热器壳侧性能试验研究

对倾斜角为20°、24°、28°和32°的单头以及32°的双头周向重叠三分螺旋折流板换热器和弓形折流板换热器的传热和压降性能进行了测试,换热器采用公共壳体和可更换管芯结构。采用壳侧轴向雷诺数和轴向欧拉数分别作为反映壳侧流量和阻力系数的无因次参数。试验结果显示在试验范围内周向重叠三分螺旋折流板换热器壳侧换热系数、壳侧压降和综合性能指标都随着倾斜角增大而减小;倾斜角20°方案的性能指标最佳,其平均壳侧努塞尔数和轴向欧拉数与弓形折流板方案的数值之比分别为1.123和0.45;双头螺旋折流板方案的换热系数和压降都大于同样倾斜角的单头螺旋折流板方案,但两者的综合性能较接近。     

微管换热器流动与传热的实验研究

本文对自制微管换热器的流动与传热性能进行了实验研究。提出了微细圆管换热器管内单相强制对流换热努摩尔数准则式,并与已有相关文献提出的关联式做了对比,结果表明:微管管内换热系数比常规尺度计算公式预测值要高,同时本文分析了微细管内的压力降、摩擦阻力系数f随雷诺数的关系。研究表明微管管内压降、摩擦系数都比常规尺度预测值要高。     

口琴簧片振动频率的理论与实验研究

口琴是常见的乐器之一。通过推导了口琴簧片振动频率的计算公式,进而揭示了簧片几何尺寸对振动频率的影响,并对录制好的口琴音频文件进行快速傅里叶变换（FFT）,从而推断口琴簧片振动的频率。     

An In situ Experimental Study on Solidification Kinetics of Polyolefins: Effect of Cooling Conditions

The solidification kinetics of polyolefins (PO) under three cooling conditions were investigated using an in situ measurement of the temperature decay within the PO resins. The phase-change temperature range of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was located between 110 and 120°C, and those of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP) were 90–110°C and 100–120°C, respectively. The cooling rate of the liquid-state stage is larger than that of the crystallization stage, primarily owing to the release of the latent heat of crystallization as well as the reduced temperature difference between the sample and cooling medium; they jointly slow down the cooling rate to an extent. The time with respect to phase transformation and its lasting period have close relations to the materials' molecular characteristics (e.g., Mw, MWD, LCB, etc.). Three empirical equations were proposed, and found to be applicable for the cooling analysis of the PO molten materials at relatively low cooling rates prior to crystallization.     

Experimental Study on Powder Flowability Using Vibration Shear Tube Method

The flowability of powders with different mass median diameters ranging from micrometers to nanometers was measured using the vibration shear tube method. In the measurement system used in this study, the powder was discharged through a narrow gap between a vibrating tube edge and a flat bottom surface, where each particle could experience high shear forces to overcome the adhesion and friction forces. The vibration amplitude was increased during the measurement, and the mass of particles discharged was measured at constant time intervals. From the relationship between the mass flow rate and the vibration acceleration, static and dynamic properties of the powders were evaluated using the critical vibration acceleration, characteristic mass flow rate, and gradient of mass flow rate. The correlation between the static and dynamic properties was studied in detail.     

An Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Coefficients of a CO2-Filled Thermosyphon

Abstract

Because carbon dioxide is ozone friendly and has negligible global warming potential, it has received renewed interest in recent years as an important alternative refrigerant. In this article, the heat transfer characteristics of a carbon dioxide-filled two-phase closed thermosyphon were investigated experimentally, and the empirical heat transfer correlations are reported. The heat transfer data were analyzed, and heat transfer coefficients were compared with conventional heat transfer correlations. The results represent that heat transfer correlation of the heated section can be expressed with Kutatelatze's correlation, and heat transfer coefficients of the condenser section are found to be in reasonable agreement with the Nusselt equation.     

新型平板热管相变换热器储放能过程的研究

将新型平板热管作为换热元件引入相变蓄热系统,研制了一套新型的平板热管式相变蓄热换热器。蓄热换热器采用石蜡作为蓄热材料,对其蓄、放热过程进行了实验研究,得到了不同时刻换热器内石蜡温度分布。改变供、取热流体温度,分析了流体入口温度对换热器蓄放热过程的影响,分析了新型平板热管在蓄放热过程的均温性能以及换热器的蓄放热效率。结果表明,新型平板热管相变换热器蓄、放热效果良好。     

微细管碳纳米管悬浮液强制对流换热实验研究

测量了水平微细圆管内蒸馏水和不同质量浓度的水基多壁碳纳米管纳米流体在低雷诺数下的强制对流换热特性。实验结果表明,与蒸馏水相比,纳米流体的对流换热系数显著提高,且随质量浓度和管内雷诺数的增大而增大;并且研究了流体管内流动阻力特性,得到的泊肃叶数f·Re值随着雷诺数的变化不明显,但纳米流体的f·Re值要明显小于纯水。     

Experimental Study on Heat Transfer of Intumescent Fire Retardant Polypropylene Materials

Intumescent fire retardant polypropylene (IFR-PP) materials, primarily comprising polypropylene, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), pentaerythritol (PER), and polyamide-6, were prepared. The burning behavior of IFR-PP materials was measured using a cone calorimeter. The heat transfer processes for IFR-PP materials were studied using a cone calorimeter and a multi-channel data acquisition instrument. The temperature distribution results inside IFR-PP materials indicated that the temperature measured near the top surface of the sample was much higher than the temperature at far from the top surface. The external temperature field measurement results for IFR-PP samples showed that the temperature rose gradually with time before the intumescent char was formed. Then the temperature values of the sample decreased sharply due to the formation of char cap and accumulating gases. The heat transfer processes of IFR-PP materials were also affected by the difference in formulations such as changes in the contents of APP and PER.     

Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Gas-to-Gas Counterflow Microchannel Heat Exchanger

Heat transfer characteristics of a gas-to-gas counterflow microchannel heat exchanger have been experimentally investigated. Temperatures and pressures at inlets and outlets of the heat exchanger have been measured to obtain heat transfer rates and pressure drops. The heat transfer and the pressure drop characteristics are discussed. Since the partition wall of the heat exchanger is thick compared with the microchannel dimensions, a simple heat exchange model with constant wall temperature is proposed to predict the heat transfer rate. The predicted heat transfer rate using the constant wall temperature model agrees well with the experimental results.     

轴向磁场对分离结晶熔体中热毛细对流的影响

为了了解磁场对分离结晶过程中熔体内热毛细对流的影响,利用有限差分法进行了数值模拟.假定熔体为不可压缩流体,熔体深径比为1,自由表面无因次宽度为0.1,研究了哈特曼数分别为0、25,50和75时的碲锌镉晶体生长过程.结果表明:轴向磁场能够抑制熔体内部的流动,并随磁场强度的增加,抑制作用增强.     

Numerical and Experimental Comparative Study on Nanofluids Flow and Heat Transfer in a Ribbed Triangular Duct

Numerical and experimental investigation is carried out to study the effect of combined vortex generator and nanofluids on turbulent heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in an equilateral triangular duct. A triangular duct provides a lower heat transfer rate and lower pressure drop compared to other duct configurations. The improvement of heat transfer of these ducts increases their importance for providing higher heat transfer and lower pressure drop. Two different types of nanoparticles, namely Al₂O₃ and SiO₂, suspended in distilled water with two particle concentrations are successfully prepared and experimentally tested. The numerical and experimental results show dramatic heat transfer enhancement by using a vortex generator and nanofluids, simultaneously accomplished with a moderate increase in the friction factor. A low deviation has been seen between the present numerical and experimental results.     

光电设备中球罩的视轴误差研究

光学窗口是光电设备中必不可少的光学元件,对处于大视场成像或全方位扫描工作模式的光电系统,常采用曲面形式的同心球罩作为光学窗口。球罩加工过程中的球心偏差和装配过程中与光电系统入瞳中心的偏差都会对光电系统的视轴角度带来误差。推导了球罩加工、装调误差对光电系统视轴影响的数学表达式,分析了各误差对光电系统视轴的影响,得到了球罩的各误差环节对光电系统视轴影响的规律,对球罩的设计和在光电系统中的使用具有重要的意义。     

中空纤维膜换热器传热传质性能的实验研究

中空纤维膜换热器可同时实现传质传热, 该换热器可应用于吸收式制冷系统以改善制冷性能. 为探究该膜换热器在溴化锂吸收式制冷系统的运行工况下的传热传质特性, 搭建中空纤维膜换热器性能测试实验台, 采用控制变量法探究在热侧不同入口溶液流速、温度下该换热器的传热量及膜通量变化规律特性. 结果表明: 在热流体其它参数保持不变的情况下, 中空纤维膜换热器热侧溶液的入口流速由3.05 m/s 增至3.30 m/s 时, 换热器总传热量与膜通量均随之加大, 增幅分别为16.0%和2.2%; 该膜换热器的总传热量在冷侧溶液与热侧溶液入口温差10°C 至15°C 内, 增幅达到18.9%, 而膜通量受膜两侧溶液的入口温差变化影响较小, 增幅仅3.1%. 研究表示: 温度的变化对中空纤维膜换热器的传热传质性能影响更为显著, 而流速的变化对水分子的运动影响较小.     

超临界压力正癸烷旋转通道内对流换热实验研究

本文对超临界压力正癸烷在旋转圆管内的对流换热开展了实验研究,获得了转速和热流密度对换热的影响规律。结果表明离心段和向心段对流换热均随着转速的升高而增强,离心段后缘面换热优于前缘面,而向心段则相反。低转速时,重力浮升力与离心浮升力大小相近,使换热发生恶化,随转速增加,重力浮升力可以忽略,换热增强。     

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Turbulator on Heat Transfer in a Concentric-type Heat Exchanger

This article experimentally and numerically analyzes the effect of turbulators with different geometries (Type I, Type II, Type III, and Type IV) located at the inlet of the inner pipe in a concentric-type heat exchanger. Experiments were performed at parallel-flow conditions in the same and opposite directions to investigate the impact of manufactured turbulators on heat transfer and pressure drop. In the numerical study, ANSYS 12.0 Fluent code program was used, and basic protection equations were solved in the steady-state, three-dimensional, and turbulence-flow conditions. Results were obtained from numerical analysis conducted at different flow values of air (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 m³/h). The distribution of temperature, velocity, and pressure was demonstrated as a result of numerical analyses. Experimental and numerical results were compared, and it was observed that they were in conformity with each other. When the data obtained from the analyses were examined, the highest heat transfer, pressure drop, and friction factor increase were detected to be in the Type IV turbulator.     

New Pool Boiling Heat Transfer in the Presence of Low-Frequency Vibrations Into a Vertical Cylindrical Heat Source

A vertical cylinder was applied as a heat source into a water pool; the vibrations were imposed into the heater with different heat fluxes, and the frequencies were adjusted at 10, 15, 20, and 25 Hz. An imaging system was employed to observe the produced bubbles around the cylindrical heat source. The results showed that the boiling heat transfer was enhanced under the vibrations with a shorter transient process, and the wall temperature also decreased. The best enhancement ratio was achieved at the frequency of 25 Hz and a heat flux value of 30 kW/m² as a consequence of imposed vibrations.